The sharing of telecommunications infrastructure and power supply equipment is currently an applicable and very common model for grouping signal transmission and reception equipment and their power supply on the same ...The sharing of telecommunications infrastructure and power supply equipment is currently an applicable and very common model for grouping signal transmission and reception equipment and their power supply on the same site to ensure coverage of fixed, mobile, Internet and radio and television broadcasting networks. This study consists of producing an inventory of telecommunications and energy infrastructure sharing, focusing on the one hand on analyzing the impacts of active and passive sharing of telecommunications infrastructure from a technical point of view, particularly in terms of legal framework, deployment, coverage and exposure to electromagnetic radiation, and on the other hand on identifying the effects of infrastructure sharing from a socio-economic point of view in a multi-operator mobile telephony environment, by indicating the economic value of the revenue generated as a result of infrastructure sharing. Finally, the results will contribute to identify strategies for ensuring maximum deployment and coverage of the country, and for developing the information and communication technologies (ICT) sector in order to contribute to the digital transformation by digitising services using mobile telephony and the Internet in Burundi.展开更多
The concept of multiplicity of solutions was developed in [1] which is based on the theory of energy operators in the Schwartz space S-(R) and some subspaces called energy spaces first defined in [2] and [3]. The main...The concept of multiplicity of solutions was developed in [1] which is based on the theory of energy operators in the Schwartz space S-(R) and some subspaces called energy spaces first defined in [2] and [3]. The main idea is to look for solutions of a given linear PDE in those subspaces. Here, this work extends previous developments in S-(Rm)?(m∈Z+) using the theory of Sobolev spaces. Furthermore, we also define the concept of Energy Parallax, which is the inclusion of additional solutions when varying the energy of a predefined system locally by taking into account additional smaller quantities. We show that it is equivalent to take into account solutions in other energy subspaces. To illustrate the theory, one of our examples is based on the variation of Electro Magnetic (EM) energy density within the skin depth of a conductive material, leading to take into account derivatives of EM evanescent waves, particular solutions of the wave equation. The last example is the derivation of the Woodward effect [4] with the variations of the EM energy density under strict assumptions in general relativity. It finally leads to a theoretical definition of an electromagnetic and gravitational (EMG) coupling.展开更多
This paper is concerned with preconditioners for interior penalty discontinuous Galerkin discretizations of second-order elliptic boundary value problems.We extend earlier related results in[7]in the following sense.S...This paper is concerned with preconditioners for interior penalty discontinuous Galerkin discretizations of second-order elliptic boundary value problems.We extend earlier related results in[7]in the following sense.Several concrete realizations of splitting the nonconforming trial spaces into a conforming and(remaining)nonconforming part are identified and shown to give rise to uniformly bounded condition numbers.These asymptotic results are complemented by numerical tests that shed some light on their respective quantitative behavior.展开更多
为充分挖掘综合能源微网(integrated energy microgrid, IEM)的潜在价值,促进可再生能源消纳,针对同一配电网下的多个IEM协同管理问题进行研究,提出了一种基于双层博弈的配电网-多IEM协同优化模型。对于IEM模型的构建,考虑在热电联产机...为充分挖掘综合能源微网(integrated energy microgrid, IEM)的潜在价值,促进可再生能源消纳,针对同一配电网下的多个IEM协同管理问题进行研究,提出了一种基于双层博弈的配电网-多IEM协同优化模型。对于IEM模型的构建,考虑在热电联产机组中加入碳捕集系统以及电转气装置,用来获取低碳效益。同时,针对IEM中可再生能源与负荷不确定性问题,采用鲁棒区间规划进行处理。首先,构建配电网运营商(distribution system operator,DSO)与IEM联盟系统模型框架,分析其不同主体间的博弈关系。其次,对于双层博弈,分为主从博弈与合作博弈。DSO作为博弈领导者,以自身效益最大为目标制定电价引导IEM联盟响应。IEM联盟作为博弈跟随者,以自身运行成本最小为目标,通过成员间互相合作能源共享响应DSO的决策。同时采用纳什谈判理论解决IEM联盟的合作运行问题,使用二分法与交替方向乘子法结合求解模型。最后,在算例中验证所提模型与方法的可行性和有效性。展开更多
文摘The sharing of telecommunications infrastructure and power supply equipment is currently an applicable and very common model for grouping signal transmission and reception equipment and their power supply on the same site to ensure coverage of fixed, mobile, Internet and radio and television broadcasting networks. This study consists of producing an inventory of telecommunications and energy infrastructure sharing, focusing on the one hand on analyzing the impacts of active and passive sharing of telecommunications infrastructure from a technical point of view, particularly in terms of legal framework, deployment, coverage and exposure to electromagnetic radiation, and on the other hand on identifying the effects of infrastructure sharing from a socio-economic point of view in a multi-operator mobile telephony environment, by indicating the economic value of the revenue generated as a result of infrastructure sharing. Finally, the results will contribute to identify strategies for ensuring maximum deployment and coverage of the country, and for developing the information and communication technologies (ICT) sector in order to contribute to the digital transformation by digitising services using mobile telephony and the Internet in Burundi.
文摘The concept of multiplicity of solutions was developed in [1] which is based on the theory of energy operators in the Schwartz space S-(R) and some subspaces called energy spaces first defined in [2] and [3]. The main idea is to look for solutions of a given linear PDE in those subspaces. Here, this work extends previous developments in S-(Rm)?(m∈Z+) using the theory of Sobolev spaces. Furthermore, we also define the concept of Energy Parallax, which is the inclusion of additional solutions when varying the energy of a predefined system locally by taking into account additional smaller quantities. We show that it is equivalent to take into account solutions in other energy subspaces. To illustrate the theory, one of our examples is based on the variation of Electro Magnetic (EM) energy density within the skin depth of a conductive material, leading to take into account derivatives of EM evanescent waves, particular solutions of the wave equation. The last example is the derivation of the Woodward effect [4] with the variations of the EM energy density under strict assumptions in general relativity. It finally leads to a theoretical definition of an electromagnetic and gravitational (EMG) coupling.
基金This work has been supported in part by the French-German PROCOPE contract 11418YBby the European Commission Human Potential Programme under contract HPRN-CT-2002-00286“Breaking Complexity”,by the SFB 401 and the Leibniz Pro-gramme funded by DFG.
文摘This paper is concerned with preconditioners for interior penalty discontinuous Galerkin discretizations of second-order elliptic boundary value problems.We extend earlier related results in[7]in the following sense.Several concrete realizations of splitting the nonconforming trial spaces into a conforming and(remaining)nonconforming part are identified and shown to give rise to uniformly bounded condition numbers.These asymptotic results are complemented by numerical tests that shed some light on their respective quantitative behavior.
文摘为充分挖掘综合能源微网(integrated energy microgrid, IEM)的潜在价值,促进可再生能源消纳,针对同一配电网下的多个IEM协同管理问题进行研究,提出了一种基于双层博弈的配电网-多IEM协同优化模型。对于IEM模型的构建,考虑在热电联产机组中加入碳捕集系统以及电转气装置,用来获取低碳效益。同时,针对IEM中可再生能源与负荷不确定性问题,采用鲁棒区间规划进行处理。首先,构建配电网运营商(distribution system operator,DSO)与IEM联盟系统模型框架,分析其不同主体间的博弈关系。其次,对于双层博弈,分为主从博弈与合作博弈。DSO作为博弈领导者,以自身效益最大为目标制定电价引导IEM联盟响应。IEM联盟作为博弈跟随者,以自身运行成本最小为目标,通过成员间互相合作能源共享响应DSO的决策。同时采用纳什谈判理论解决IEM联盟的合作运行问题,使用二分法与交替方向乘子法结合求解模型。最后,在算例中验证所提模型与方法的可行性和有效性。
基金Natural Science Foundation of China(51706093)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20181308)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2018B45414)。
