Electromagnetic formation flight （EMFF） leverages electromagnetic force to control the relative position of satellites. EMFF offers a promising alternative to traditional propellant-based spacecraft flight formation...Electromagnetic formation flight （EMFF） leverages electromagnetic force to control the relative position of satellites. EMFF offers a promising alternative to traditional propellant-based spacecraft flight formation. This novel strategy is very attractive since it does not consume fuel. Due to the highly coupled nonlinearity of electromagnetic force, it is difficult to individually design a controller for one satellite without considering others, which poses challenges to communications. This paper is devoted to decoupling control of EMFF, including regulations, constraints and con- troller design. A learning-based adaptive sliding mode decoupling controller is analyzed to illustrate the problem of existing results, and input rate saturation is introduced to guarantee the validity of frequency division technique. Through transformation, the imposed input rate saturation is con- verted to state and input constraints. A linear matrix inequalities （LMI）-based robust optimal con- trol method can then be used and improved to solve the transformed problem. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed decoupling control.展开更多
The binding energy of the deuteron is calculated electromagnetically with the Schrödinger equation. In mainstream nuclear physics, the only known Coulomb force is the repulsion between protons, inexistent in t...The binding energy of the deuteron is calculated electromagnetically with the Schrödinger equation. In mainstream nuclear physics, the only known Coulomb force is the repulsion between protons, inexistent in the deuteron. It is ignored that a proton attracts a neutron containing electric charges with no net charge and that the magnetic moments of the nucleons interact together significantly. A static equilibrium exists in the deuteron between the electrostatic attraction and the magnetic repulsion. The Heitler equation of the hydrogen atom has been adapted to its nucleus where the centrifugal force is replaced by the magnetic repulsive force, solved graphically, by trial and error, without fit to experiment. As by chance, one obtains, at the lowest horizontal inflection point, with a few percent precision, the experimental value of the deuteron binding energy. This success, never obtained elsewhere, proves the purely static and electromagnetic nature of the nuclear energy.展开更多
Results of analytically studied effect of electromagnetic blowing and the slag height on the arc efficiency are stated. An arc is blown from under an electrode toward the furnace walls under an electromagnetic force, ...Results of analytically studied effect of electromagnetic blowing and the slag height on the arc efficiency are stated. An arc is blown from under an electrode toward the furnace walls under an electromagnetic force, arc radiation on the wall and roof increase and effective output, absorbed by the metal decreases. EAF (electric arc steel melting furnace) with independently powered arcs, eliminating its electromagnetic blowing is proposed. When arcs are powered independently, its efficiency increases significantly, and specific energy consumption decreases.展开更多
基金supported by the Innovative Team Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61021002)
文摘Electromagnetic formation flight （EMFF） leverages electromagnetic force to control the relative position of satellites. EMFF offers a promising alternative to traditional propellant-based spacecraft flight formation. This novel strategy is very attractive since it does not consume fuel. Due to the highly coupled nonlinearity of electromagnetic force, it is difficult to individually design a controller for one satellite without considering others, which poses challenges to communications. This paper is devoted to decoupling control of EMFF, including regulations, constraints and con- troller design. A learning-based adaptive sliding mode decoupling controller is analyzed to illustrate the problem of existing results, and input rate saturation is introduced to guarantee the validity of frequency division technique. Through transformation, the imposed input rate saturation is con- verted to state and input constraints. A linear matrix inequalities （LMI）-based robust optimal con- trol method can then be used and improved to solve the transformed problem. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed decoupling control.
文摘The binding energy of the deuteron is calculated electromagnetically with the Schrödinger equation. In mainstream nuclear physics, the only known Coulomb force is the repulsion between protons, inexistent in the deuteron. It is ignored that a proton attracts a neutron containing electric charges with no net charge and that the magnetic moments of the nucleons interact together significantly. A static equilibrium exists in the deuteron between the electrostatic attraction and the magnetic repulsion. The Heitler equation of the hydrogen atom has been adapted to its nucleus where the centrifugal force is replaced by the magnetic repulsive force, solved graphically, by trial and error, without fit to experiment. As by chance, one obtains, at the lowest horizontal inflection point, with a few percent precision, the experimental value of the deuteron binding energy. This success, never obtained elsewhere, proves the purely static and electromagnetic nature of the nuclear energy.
文摘Results of analytically studied effect of electromagnetic blowing and the slag height on the arc efficiency are stated. An arc is blown from under an electrode toward the furnace walls under an electromagnetic force, arc radiation on the wall and roof increase and effective output, absorbed by the metal decreases. EAF (electric arc steel melting furnace) with independently powered arcs, eliminating its electromagnetic blowing is proposed. When arcs are powered independently, its efficiency increases significantly, and specific energy consumption decreases.
