The first-stage of an ecological conservation and restoration project in the Three-River Source Region（TRSR）, China, has been in progress for eight years. However, because the ecological effects of this project rema...The first-stage of an ecological conservation and restoration project in the Three-River Source Region（TRSR）, China, has been in progress for eight years. However, because the ecological effects of this project remain unknown, decision making for future project implementation is hindered. Thus, in this study, we developed an index system to evaluate the effects of the ecological restoration project, by integrating field observations, remote sensing, and process-based models. Effects were assessed using trend analyses of ecosystem structures and services. Results showed positive trends in the TRSR since the beginning of the project, but not yet a return to the optima of the 1970 s. Specifically, while continued degradation in grassland has been initially contained, results are still far from the desired objective, ‘grassland coverage increasing by an average of 20%–40%＇. In contrast, wetlands and water bodies have generally been restored, while the water conservation and water supply capacity of watersheds have increased. Indeed, the volume of water conservation achieved in the project meets the objective of a 1.32 billion m^3 increase. The effects of ecological restoration inside project regions was more significant than outside, and, in addition to climate change projects, we concluded that the implementation of ecological conservation and restoration projects has substantially contributed to vegetation restoration. Nevertheless, the degradation of grasslands has not been fundamentally reversed, and to date the project has not prevented increasing soil erosion. In sum, the effects and challenges of this first-stage project highlight the necessity of continuous and long-term ecosystem conservation efforts in this region.展开更多
基于自然的解决方案(NbS)是所有以自然为基础、为环境和人类带来利益的各种相关做法的统称。概念范畴的综合性使得NbS的研究与落实需要细化的视角与切入点,但目前尚缺乏明确的路径。用中国知网和Web of Science数据库对国内外的研究进...基于自然的解决方案(NbS)是所有以自然为基础、为环境和人类带来利益的各种相关做法的统称。概念范畴的综合性使得NbS的研究与落实需要细化的视角与切入点,但目前尚缺乏明确的路径。用中国知网和Web of Science数据库对国内外的研究进行筛选,并通过质性分析探究NbS的不同研究视角。发现NbS的研究主要从对象、主体、目标、方案4个层面展开:对象上关注绿色基础设施、生态系统或社会挑战;主体上聚焦人与自然的相对作用以及不同人群的不同作用;目标上侧重形式、功能和可持续发展目标;方案上针对生态系统受损程度或社会挑战。不同层面的切入点差异较大,一般只关注1~2个方面,且现有NbS研究侧重以对象确定方案,对主体和目标重视度不足。鉴于此,以国土空间规划为基础,综合国内外已有的NbS视角,提出“三生空间—生态系统—综合挑战—预期效益—实施主体及方法—操作手册及监测标准”的NbS实施途径。揭示了国内外NbS研究与落实过程中的多元思路,对促进NbS本土化发展具有现实意义。展开更多
基金National Nature Sciences Foundation of China,No.41571504National Key Technology Research and Development Program,No.2013BAC03B00
文摘The first-stage of an ecological conservation and restoration project in the Three-River Source Region（TRSR）, China, has been in progress for eight years. However, because the ecological effects of this project remain unknown, decision making for future project implementation is hindered. Thus, in this study, we developed an index system to evaluate the effects of the ecological restoration project, by integrating field observations, remote sensing, and process-based models. Effects were assessed using trend analyses of ecosystem structures and services. Results showed positive trends in the TRSR since the beginning of the project, but not yet a return to the optima of the 1970 s. Specifically, while continued degradation in grassland has been initially contained, results are still far from the desired objective, ‘grassland coverage increasing by an average of 20%–40%＇. In contrast, wetlands and water bodies have generally been restored, while the water conservation and water supply capacity of watersheds have increased. Indeed, the volume of water conservation achieved in the project meets the objective of a 1.32 billion m^3 increase. The effects of ecological restoration inside project regions was more significant than outside, and, in addition to climate change projects, we concluded that the implementation of ecological conservation and restoration projects has substantially contributed to vegetation restoration. Nevertheless, the degradation of grasslands has not been fundamentally reversed, and to date the project has not prevented increasing soil erosion. In sum, the effects and challenges of this first-stage project highlight the necessity of continuous and long-term ecosystem conservation efforts in this region.
文摘基于自然的解决方案(NbS)是所有以自然为基础、为环境和人类带来利益的各种相关做法的统称。概念范畴的综合性使得NbS的研究与落实需要细化的视角与切入点,但目前尚缺乏明确的路径。用中国知网和Web of Science数据库对国内外的研究进行筛选,并通过质性分析探究NbS的不同研究视角。发现NbS的研究主要从对象、主体、目标、方案4个层面展开:对象上关注绿色基础设施、生态系统或社会挑战;主体上聚焦人与自然的相对作用以及不同人群的不同作用;目标上侧重形式、功能和可持续发展目标;方案上针对生态系统受损程度或社会挑战。不同层面的切入点差异较大,一般只关注1~2个方面,且现有NbS研究侧重以对象确定方案,对主体和目标重视度不足。鉴于此,以国土空间规划为基础,综合国内外已有的NbS视角,提出“三生空间—生态系统—综合挑战—预期效益—实施主体及方法—操作手册及监测标准”的NbS实施途径。揭示了国内外NbS研究与落实过程中的多元思路,对促进NbS本土化发展具有现实意义。
