研究作物产量对气候变化的响应,对于指导区域农业生产,保障粮食安全和生态安全具有一定的理论指导意义。结合大田试验与农业生产系统模拟模型（Agricultural Production Systems Simulator,APSIM）,在验证模拟研究区冬小麦、玉米和紫花...研究作物产量对气候变化的响应,对于指导区域农业生产,保障粮食安全和生态安全具有一定的理论指导意义。结合大田试验与农业生产系统模拟模型（Agricultural Production Systems Simulator,APSIM）,在验证模拟研究区冬小麦、玉米和紫花苜蓿产量可靠性的基础上,分析5个降水变化梯度（降水量不变、降低10%和20%、升高10%和20%）和5个气温变化梯度（不变、降低1.5和1℃、升高1.5和1℃）组合情景下3种作物的产量变化趋势。结果表明：APSIM模型在试验点对3种作物籽粒产量和生物量的模拟精度较高,决定系数R2在0.80～0.93之间,归一化均方根误差在11.35%～22.48%之间,模型有效系数在0.53～0.91之间。冬小麦、玉米和紫花苜蓿在气温升高、降水量减少的情景下减产,减产的最大幅度分别为38.7%、40.3%和41.8%;冬小麦、紫花苜蓿的在气温降低、降水量增加时增产,增产的最大幅度分别为29.8%和51.7%;玉米在降水量增加、温度不变的情景下增产幅度最大,为22.0%。总之,在研究范围内,3种作物的产量随降水的增加而增高;玉米的产量随气温升高先增高后降低,另2种作物的产量随气温的升高而降低;紫花苜蓿适应气候变化的能力最强。结果对明确黄土高原地区主要作物的生产走势,制订农业布局、管理措施等具有一定意义。展开更多
Neolithic agricultural development and environmental effects in the Longdong area were reconstructed using a synthetic approach,investigating pollen,charcoal,and seed remains for two cultural layer sections and five f...Neolithic agricultural development and environmental effects in the Longdong area were reconstructed using a synthetic approach,investigating pollen,charcoal,and seed remains for two cultural layer sections and five flotation sites.Results show that Neolithic agriculture in the Longdong area had a simple organization and was dominated by the production of common millet,especially in the early and middle Yangshao age.After the late Yangshao age,Neolithic agriculture developed into a more complex structure,dominated by both common and foxtail millet and the cultivation of rice and soybeans.The production of foxtail millet gradually increased through the Neolithic period,reaching its highest point during the Qijia culture.Soybeans were first cultivated during the late Yangshao culture,approximately 5000 cal a BP.Rice production began no later than 4800 cal a BP,and continued to exist in the Qijia culture,approximately 4000 cal a BP.Agricultural production in Neolithic Longdong,specifically in the "Yuan" area of the loess plateau,developed as a shrub and grass dominated landscape.Vegetation in the river valleys was partly covered with Picea,Tusga,and Quercus coniferous and broadleaf mixed forests.Agricultural activity during the Neolithic period caused an increase in farmland on the loess tableland and a decrease in the abundance of shrub and grassland in the Longdong area.When farmlands were abandoned,vegetation recovered with Hippophae-,Rosaceae-,Ephedra-,and Leguminosae-dominated shrublands and Artemisia-dominated grasslands.展开更多
实施乡村振兴战略,是党的十九大以来作出的重大决策部署。乡村振兴,关键是产业振兴。乡村国土地域系统及其产业组成要素之间的协调性决定了乡村持续振兴的能力。我国陇东地区乡村在长期的农业生产及城镇化发展中产业—空间矛盾尤为显著...实施乡村振兴战略,是党的十九大以来作出的重大决策部署。乡村振兴,关键是产业振兴。乡村国土地域系统及其产业组成要素之间的协调性决定了乡村持续振兴的能力。我国陇东地区乡村在长期的农业生产及城镇化发展中产业—空间矛盾尤为显著,迫切需要国土空间规划背景下的乡村产业—空间量化分类的探索性研究,客观反映乡村的发展程度,科学把握乡村发展差异和特点。本文充分剖析了国家与地区相关政策,进而通过分析该地区的产业-空间问题,基于“人地关系”协调理论构建“产村互动”耦合发展模型,以具备典型特征的陇东黄土高原沟壑区显胜乡村庄为研究对象,从产业与空间两大系统确定了19个评价因子,通过对评价因子进行赋值计算、运用地理信息系统(Geographic Information System,GIS)软件等手段,评价探析其产业—空间耦合互动的时空演变规律及内在机制,在规划响应方面得出如下启示:以科学评价现状为基础,分类引导乡村产业空间振兴;以统筹空间布局为核心,打造镇村一体发展新单元;以加强生态修复为策略,同步经济效益与空间效应;以延续历史文脉为补充,实现文化引领三产深度融合。展开更多
文摘研究作物产量对气候变化的响应,对于指导区域农业生产,保障粮食安全和生态安全具有一定的理论指导意义。结合大田试验与农业生产系统模拟模型（Agricultural Production Systems Simulator,APSIM）,在验证模拟研究区冬小麦、玉米和紫花苜蓿产量可靠性的基础上,分析5个降水变化梯度（降水量不变、降低10%和20%、升高10%和20%）和5个气温变化梯度（不变、降低1.5和1℃、升高1.5和1℃）组合情景下3种作物的产量变化趋势。结果表明：APSIM模型在试验点对3种作物籽粒产量和生物量的模拟精度较高,决定系数R2在0.80～0.93之间,归一化均方根误差在11.35%～22.48%之间,模型有效系数在0.53～0.91之间。冬小麦、玉米和紫花苜蓿在气温升高、降水量减少的情景下减产,减产的最大幅度分别为38.7%、40.3%和41.8%;冬小麦、紫花苜蓿的在气温降低、降水量增加时增产,增产的最大幅度分别为29.8%和51.7%;玉米在降水量增加、温度不变的情景下增产幅度最大,为22.0%。总之,在研究范围内,3种作物的产量随降水的增加而增高;玉米的产量随气温升高先增高后降低,另2种作物的产量随气温的升高而降低;紫花苜蓿适应气候变化的能力最强。结果对明确黄土高原地区主要作物的生产走势,制订农业布局、管理措施等具有一定意义。
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2010CB950200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41001062)partly by a Special Fund of State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (LQ0701)
文摘Neolithic agricultural development and environmental effects in the Longdong area were reconstructed using a synthetic approach,investigating pollen,charcoal,and seed remains for two cultural layer sections and five flotation sites.Results show that Neolithic agriculture in the Longdong area had a simple organization and was dominated by the production of common millet,especially in the early and middle Yangshao age.After the late Yangshao age,Neolithic agriculture developed into a more complex structure,dominated by both common and foxtail millet and the cultivation of rice and soybeans.The production of foxtail millet gradually increased through the Neolithic period,reaching its highest point during the Qijia culture.Soybeans were first cultivated during the late Yangshao culture,approximately 5000 cal a BP.Rice production began no later than 4800 cal a BP,and continued to exist in the Qijia culture,approximately 4000 cal a BP.Agricultural production in Neolithic Longdong,specifically in the "Yuan" area of the loess plateau,developed as a shrub and grass dominated landscape.Vegetation in the river valleys was partly covered with Picea,Tusga,and Quercus coniferous and broadleaf mixed forests.Agricultural activity during the Neolithic period caused an increase in farmland on the loess tableland and a decrease in the abundance of shrub and grassland in the Longdong area.When farmlands were abandoned,vegetation recovered with Hippophae-,Rosaceae-,Ephedra-,and Leguminosae-dominated shrublands and Artemisia-dominated grasslands.
文摘实施乡村振兴战略,是党的十九大以来作出的重大决策部署。乡村振兴,关键是产业振兴。乡村国土地域系统及其产业组成要素之间的协调性决定了乡村持续振兴的能力。我国陇东地区乡村在长期的农业生产及城镇化发展中产业—空间矛盾尤为显著,迫切需要国土空间规划背景下的乡村产业—空间量化分类的探索性研究,客观反映乡村的发展程度,科学把握乡村发展差异和特点。本文充分剖析了国家与地区相关政策,进而通过分析该地区的产业-空间问题,基于“人地关系”协调理论构建“产村互动”耦合发展模型,以具备典型特征的陇东黄土高原沟壑区显胜乡村庄为研究对象,从产业与空间两大系统确定了19个评价因子,通过对评价因子进行赋值计算、运用地理信息系统(Geographic Information System,GIS)软件等手段,评价探析其产业—空间耦合互动的时空演变规律及内在机制,在规划响应方面得出如下启示:以科学评价现状为基础,分类引导乡村产业空间振兴;以统筹空间布局为核心,打造镇村一体发展新单元;以加强生态修复为策略,同步经济效益与空间效应;以延续历史文脉为补充,实现文化引领三产深度融合。
