Galliformes are often difficult to count adequately in their natural habitats due to low detectability of them. In the present study, we confirm availability of feather-count and feces-count as two useful field techni...Galliformes are often difficult to count adequately in their natural habitats due to low detectability of them. In the present study, we confirm availability of feather-count and feces-count as two useful field techniques to estimate the relative abundance of eared-pheasants (Crossoptilon spp.). The former is suitable to forest environments during the post-incubation period, whereas the latter is best in areas with dry climate conditions during the fall-winter season. With the advantages of reduced survey effort and high repeatability, the two techniques are potentially applicable to other Galliform species in habitat selection studies and long-term population monitoring.展开更多
众所周知,西方人喜好养狗.因此英语中也就出现了许多与狗有关的习语.今年适逢又是中国人农历的狗年.在狗年谈狗更有一番情趣.Dog一词来自古英语里的docga、请看它的用法和习惯表述.1.指人(preceded by an adj)fellow or chap;a man or b...众所周知,西方人喜好养狗.因此英语中也就出现了许多与狗有关的习语.今年适逢又是中国人农历的狗年.在狗年谈狗更有一番情趣.Dog一词来自古英语里的docga、请看它的用法和习惯表述.1.指人(preceded by an adj)fellow or chap;a man or boy regarded asunpleasaht or wretchcd:e.g.a bird dog 搜罗人材的人:招揽生意的人.a clever dor 聪明伶俐的人dirty dog 坏小子;下流坯:卑污之人.a dumb dog展开更多
Brine shrimp Artemia franciscana provide food for many migrating and staging birds that spend summer and fall on Great Salt Lake,Utah,USA.Artemia produce live young and cysts(hard-walled eggs);these cysts are commerci...Brine shrimp Artemia franciscana provide food for many migrating and staging birds that spend summer and fall on Great Salt Lake,Utah,USA.Artemia produce live young and cysts(hard-walled eggs);these cysts are commercially harvested on Great Salt Lake and support a large industry in Utah.It is unclear the impact that millions of hungry birds have on the Artemia population in the lake.To help assess that,this study evaluated cyst viability(percentage of cysts that contain an embryo)and hatchability(percent of cysts that hatch)from cysts that had passed through the digestive tract of eared grebes Podiceps nigricollis and cysts obtained directly from Great Salt Lake at the same site where each grebe was collected.Hatchability was significantly higher for cysts collected from the water column(19%)than from the stomach(0.3%)or intestines(3%)of eared grebes.Viability also was significantly different for cysts collected from the water column(29%),stomach(0.7%),and intestines(5%).These results indicate that eared grebes nutritionally benefit from eating cysts and that they may be an important food source for grebes in late fall after the adult population of Artemia dies off due to the water becoming too cold.Also,enough cysts survive their passage through the digestive system that grebes can vector hatchable cysts to other waterbodies.展开更多
After breeding,Black-necked Grebes(Podiceps nigricollis)perform a moult-migration to autumn hypersaline staging sites,where they moult the flight feathers and forage on superabundant brine shrimp(Artemia spp.)before l...After breeding,Black-necked Grebes(Podiceps nigricollis)perform a moult-migration to autumn hypersaline staging sites,where they moult the flight feathers and forage on superabundant brine shrimp(Artemia spp.)before leaving for wintering areas.During the stay in moulting sites,the grebes experience changes in organs and muscle size(atrophy,hypertrophy),and almost double their body mass,which has been suggested to act as an insurance against a collapse in prey availability in late autumn.During two years we collected blood samples from hundreds of individuals at one of the most important European moulting sites(the Odiel marshes,SW Spain),which is a highly polluted area due to mining drainage and chemical industry.We assessed the potential effect of moulting stage,day of the year and body condition on 16 blood biochemical parameters.Because of the changes in prey availability and body composition of grebes,we expected some physiological adjustments during moult.Elevated levels of cholesterol suggested that birds in active moult increased foraging effort to face the costs of moulting.There was increased amount of lactate dehydrogenase,corresponding to periods of breast muscle atrophy.Birds in active moult augmented protein ingestion,likely to account for the requirements of feather growth.We also show that the probability of fasting due to low prey availability increased late in the moulting season,as demonstrated by an increase in plasmaβ-hydroxy-butyrate.展开更多
From April to July 2003 and 2004,we surveyed the nest-site selection of the White Eared pheasant(Crossoptilon crossoptilon)in the Zhujie Monastery and in the mountain facing it in Sichuan Province,China.In this paper,...From April to July 2003 and 2004,we surveyed the nest-site selection of the White Eared pheasant(Crossoptilon crossoptilon)in the Zhujie Monastery and in the mountain facing it in Sichuan Province,China.In this paper,we studied the nest characteristics and the clutch size of the pheasant.Habitat sampling method was used to determine the variables that might affect the nest-site selection of the White Eared pheasant.Chi-square test was used to identify which habitat type was likely to be preferred by the bird.Independent-samples t test and Mann–Whitney U test were used to find which variables were important for the birds’nest-site selection.A total of 13 nests were found.Oak shrub was greatly preferred as nest sites(84.62%).Nests under a rock wall(7.69%)and a fallen tree(7.69%)were also found.The average clutch size of a White Eared pheasant is 7.33±0.54(range,5–11;n=12).Laying period was between April 27 and May 21.In the Zhujie area,1 nest was in the forest and 11 nests were in oak shrubs.The species preferred oak shrub as its nesting habitat(χ^(2)=8.333,df=1,P<0.05).The bird was more likely to place its nest in sites with a high coverage,i.e.0.5,1,and 2 m above the ground(independent-samples t test,P<0.05),and with a large shrub diameter(Mann–Whitney U test,P<0.05).The species are more likely to prefer sites with plant cover,shrub cover(independentsamples t test,P<0.05),and shrub height(Mann–Whitney U test,P<0.05)in a relatively small range.展开更多
1.care about,care for,take care of (1)这三个动词短语均可表示"喜欢…‘关心"之意,后接n.或v.-ing形式作宾语。He cared nothing about/for skating.他对滑冰没有兴趣。In our class,we care for/about each other.
Objective To observe change of expression level of Connexin 43(Cx 43)in myocardial mitochondria of ischemia reperfusion injury after pretreatment of acupuncture and moxibustion at"Neiguan"(PC 6)in rabbits,an...Objective To observe change of expression level of Connexin 43(Cx 43)in myocardial mitochondria of ischemia reperfusion injury after pretreatment of acupuncture and moxibustion at"Neiguan"(PC 6)in rabbits,and compare the different effect between electroacupuncture and moxibustion.Methods Thirty-two New Zealand big-eared white rabbits were randomly divided into a model group,an electroacupuncture group,a moxibustion group and a sham-operation group,8 cases in each one.The model展开更多
某些动词和for搭配,构成动词短语,表示“希望(渴望、要)……”等意思,在中学课本中时有所见,本文拟分别予以介绍: 1.ask for:“要求得(见)到”,后接名(代)词,如: Do you still ask for this pound of flesh? Did anybody ask for me? as...某些动词和for搭配,构成动词短语,表示“希望(渴望、要)……”等意思,在中学课本中时有所见,本文拟分别予以介绍: 1.ask for:“要求得(见)到”,后接名(代)词,如: Do you still ask for this pound of flesh? Did anybody ask for me? ask for既可以是“要求得到”有形的东西,如ask for abook,也可以是无形的东西,如:ask for information。展开更多
中学课本中有不少句子,如果把其中的关键词语或小品词更换,或将整个句子的语序对调或调整,这个句子的基本意思不变,因而形成异序同义句。现整理出来,并对比、分析如下。一、借助于倒装、强调形式形成异序同义句1.There goes the bell.Th...中学课本中有不少句子,如果把其中的关键词语或小品词更换,或将整个句子的语序对调或调整,这个句子的基本意思不变,因而形成异序同义句。现整理出来,并对比、分析如下。一、借助于倒装、强调形式形成异序同义句1.There goes the bell.The bell is ringing.展开更多
Since Koch first introduced the method of staining bacteria over a century ago, the procedure of staining bacteria has been used to stain the material containing bacteria fixed on a slide by physical or chemical means...Since Koch first introduced the method of staining bacteria over a century ago, the procedure of staining bacteria has been used to stain the material containing bacteria fixed on a slide by physical or chemical means. The staining method is the same as immunofluorescence staining technique. The samples from the contaminated en-展开更多
Insect chorion (eggshell) is formed by condensation and solidification of the chorionins secreted by the follicle cells around an oocyte which is thus completely wrapped. The surface of the chorion is copied by the in...Insect chorion (eggshell) is formed by condensation and solidification of the chorionins secreted by the follicle cells around an oocyte which is thus completely wrapped. The surface of the chorion is copied by the inner surface of the follicle cells, which varies according to species. In this way the surface features of the chorion, the micropylar and aeropylar areas are formed. These features have been investigated by means展开更多
A prominent feature for modern biological research is to make full use of different apparatus and techniques, such as spectrometry, chromatography, mass spectrometry and so on, which are hitherto chiefly used in the f...A prominent feature for modern biological research is to make full use of different apparatus and techniques, such as spectrometry, chromatography, mass spectrometry and so on, which are hitherto chiefly used in the fields of chemistry and physics. Gasliquid chromatography, as a new method for analytical chemistry, was invented by展开更多
Despite being a buzzing metropolis ripe with danger, Beijing has birds of prey in abundance, and a few righteous conservationists and volunteers are helping them survive the big city
基金National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(39830030 and 30170156)and Research Programme of Tibetan Bureau of Science and Technology
文摘Galliformes are often difficult to count adequately in their natural habitats due to low detectability of them. In the present study, we confirm availability of feather-count and feces-count as two useful field techniques to estimate the relative abundance of eared-pheasants (Crossoptilon spp.). The former is suitable to forest environments during the post-incubation period, whereas the latter is best in areas with dry climate conditions during the fall-winter season. With the advantages of reduced survey effort and high repeatability, the two techniques are potentially applicable to other Galliform species in habitat selection studies and long-term population monitoring.
文摘众所周知,西方人喜好养狗.因此英语中也就出现了许多与狗有关的习语.今年适逢又是中国人农历的狗年.在狗年谈狗更有一番情趣.Dog一词来自古英语里的docga、请看它的用法和习惯表述.1.指人(preceded by an adj)fellow or chap;a man or boy regarded asunpleasaht or wretchcd:e.g.a bird dog 搜罗人材的人:招揽生意的人.a clever dor 聪明伶俐的人dirty dog 坏小子;下流坯:卑污之人.a dumb dog
基金Supported by the Great Salt Lake Ecosystem Program of Utah Division of Wildlife Resources,Utah Agricultural Experiment Station(article No.9534)and Ecology Center of Utah State Universityapproved by Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Utah State University(10087)+2 种基金permitted by the state of Utah(1BAND10069,2COLL10039)the U.S.Bird Banding Lab(21175)and the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service(MB693916-0).
文摘Brine shrimp Artemia franciscana provide food for many migrating and staging birds that spend summer and fall on Great Salt Lake,Utah,USA.Artemia produce live young and cysts(hard-walled eggs);these cysts are commercially harvested on Great Salt Lake and support a large industry in Utah.It is unclear the impact that millions of hungry birds have on the Artemia population in the lake.To help assess that,this study evaluated cyst viability(percentage of cysts that contain an embryo)and hatchability(percent of cysts that hatch)from cysts that had passed through the digestive tract of eared grebes Podiceps nigricollis and cysts obtained directly from Great Salt Lake at the same site where each grebe was collected.Hatchability was significantly higher for cysts collected from the water column(19%)than from the stomach(0.3%)or intestines(3%)of eared grebes.Viability also was significantly different for cysts collected from the water column(29%),stomach(0.7%),and intestines(5%).These results indicate that eared grebes nutritionally benefit from eating cysts and that they may be an important food source for grebes in late fall after the adult population of Artemia dies off due to the water becoming too cold.Also,enough cysts survive their passage through the digestive system that grebes can vector hatchable cysts to other waterbodies.
基金P07-CVI-02700 from the Con-sejería de Innovacion,Ciencia y Empresa(Junta de Andalucía)/EU-ERDF.
文摘After breeding,Black-necked Grebes(Podiceps nigricollis)perform a moult-migration to autumn hypersaline staging sites,where they moult the flight feathers and forage on superabundant brine shrimp(Artemia spp.)before leaving for wintering areas.During the stay in moulting sites,the grebes experience changes in organs and muscle size(atrophy,hypertrophy),and almost double their body mass,which has been suggested to act as an insurance against a collapse in prey availability in late autumn.During two years we collected blood samples from hundreds of individuals at one of the most important European moulting sites(the Odiel marshes,SW Spain),which is a highly polluted area due to mining drainage and chemical industry.We assessed the potential effect of moulting stage,day of the year and body condition on 16 blood biochemical parameters.Because of the changes in prey availability and body composition of grebes,we expected some physiological adjustments during moult.Elevated levels of cholesterol suggested that birds in active moult increased foraging effort to face the costs of moulting.There was increased amount of lactate dehydrogenase,corresponding to periods of breast muscle atrophy.Birds in active moult augmented protein ingestion,likely to account for the requirements of feather growth.We also show that the probability of fasting due to low prey availability increased late in the moulting season,as demonstrated by an increase in plasmaβ-hydroxy-butyrate.
基金supported by the National Sciences Foundation of China (no.30330050)the Chicago Zoological Society.
文摘From April to July 2003 and 2004,we surveyed the nest-site selection of the White Eared pheasant(Crossoptilon crossoptilon)in the Zhujie Monastery and in the mountain facing it in Sichuan Province,China.In this paper,we studied the nest characteristics and the clutch size of the pheasant.Habitat sampling method was used to determine the variables that might affect the nest-site selection of the White Eared pheasant.Chi-square test was used to identify which habitat type was likely to be preferred by the bird.Independent-samples t test and Mann–Whitney U test were used to find which variables were important for the birds’nest-site selection.A total of 13 nests were found.Oak shrub was greatly preferred as nest sites(84.62%).Nests under a rock wall(7.69%)and a fallen tree(7.69%)were also found.The average clutch size of a White Eared pheasant is 7.33±0.54(range,5–11;n=12).Laying period was between April 27 and May 21.In the Zhujie area,1 nest was in the forest and 11 nests were in oak shrubs.The species preferred oak shrub as its nesting habitat(χ^(2)=8.333,df=1,P<0.05).The bird was more likely to place its nest in sites with a high coverage,i.e.0.5,1,and 2 m above the ground(independent-samples t test,P<0.05),and with a large shrub diameter(Mann–Whitney U test,P<0.05).The species are more likely to prefer sites with plant cover,shrub cover(independentsamples t test,P<0.05),and shrub height(Mann–Whitney U test,P<0.05)in a relatively small range.
文摘1.care about,care for,take care of (1)这三个动词短语均可表示"喜欢…‘关心"之意,后接n.或v.-ing形式作宾语。He cared nothing about/for skating.他对滑冰没有兴趣。In our class,we care for/about each other.
文摘Objective To observe change of expression level of Connexin 43(Cx 43)in myocardial mitochondria of ischemia reperfusion injury after pretreatment of acupuncture and moxibustion at"Neiguan"(PC 6)in rabbits,and compare the different effect between electroacupuncture and moxibustion.Methods Thirty-two New Zealand big-eared white rabbits were randomly divided into a model group,an electroacupuncture group,a moxibustion group and a sham-operation group,8 cases in each one.The model
文摘某些动词和for搭配,构成动词短语,表示“希望(渴望、要)……”等意思,在中学课本中时有所见,本文拟分别予以介绍: 1.ask for:“要求得(见)到”,后接名(代)词,如: Do you still ask for this pound of flesh? Did anybody ask for me? ask for既可以是“要求得到”有形的东西,如ask for abook,也可以是无形的东西,如:ask for information。
文摘For some animals,Apnl Fool’s Day is every day.They usetricks to protect themselves from danger or to find food.以对一些动物而言,每天都是愚人节。它们用种种花招保护自己免受危险或者获得食物。
文摘Since Koch first introduced the method of staining bacteria over a century ago, the procedure of staining bacteria has been used to stain the material containing bacteria fixed on a slide by physical or chemical means. The staining method is the same as immunofluorescence staining technique. The samples from the contaminated en-
基金Project supported by the Science Fund of Academia Sinica.
文摘Insect chorion (eggshell) is formed by condensation and solidification of the chorionins secreted by the follicle cells around an oocyte which is thus completely wrapped. The surface of the chorion is copied by the inner surface of the follicle cells, which varies according to species. In this way the surface features of the chorion, the micropylar and aeropylar areas are formed. These features have been investigated by means
文摘A prominent feature for modern biological research is to make full use of different apparatus and techniques, such as spectrometry, chromatography, mass spectrometry and so on, which are hitherto chiefly used in the fields of chemistry and physics. Gasliquid chromatography, as a new method for analytical chemistry, was invented by
文摘Despite being a buzzing metropolis ripe with danger, Beijing has birds of prey in abundance, and a few righteous conservationists and volunteers are helping them survive the big city
