Chronic granulomatous disease(CGD)is an inherited defect of phagocyte function due to defective NADPH oxidase.Patients with CGD are not able to effectively clear the infections because of the defect in the phagocyte p...Chronic granulomatous disease(CGD)is an inherited defect of phagocyte function due to defective NADPH oxidase.Patients with CGD are not able to effectively clear the infections because of the defect in the phagocyte production of oxygen free radicals and are prone to recurrent bacterial and fungal infections.Inflammatory complications are also noted in CGD such as colitis,non-infective granulomas causing gastrointestinal or urinary tract obstruction,hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis,and arthritis.Studies on toll-like receptor pathways and neutrophil extracellular traps in CGD have shed light on the role of NADPH oxidase in the innate immunity and pathogenesis of infections in CGD.Some reports also indicate a reduction of memory B cells and defective production of functional antibodies in CGD.Though the exact mechanisms for non-infective inflammatory complications in CGD are not yet clear,studies on efferocytosis and defective autophagy with inflammasome activation have made a substantial contribution to our understanding of the pathogenesis of inflammation in CGD.We also discuss the clinical and molecular features of p40phox defects and a newer genetic defect,EROS.Clinical phenotypes of X-linked carriers of CYBB are also discussed.展开更多
This paper investigates a simplified model for describing the gravitational fields of non- axisymmetric elongated asteroids. The connection between the simplified model and the target aster-oid is built by considering...This paper investigates a simplified model for describing the gravitational fields of non- axisymmetric elongated asteroids. The connection between the simplified model and the target aster-oid is built by considering the positions of equilibrium points. To improve the performance of po-sition matching for the equilibrium points associated with these non-axisymmetric asteroids, a non-axisymmetric triple-particle-linkage model is proposed based on two existing axisymmetric particle- linkage models. The unknown parameters of the simplified model are determined by minimizing the matching error using the nonlinear optimization method. The proposed simplified model is applied for three realistic elongated asteroids, 243 Ida, 433 Eros and （8567） 1996 HW1. The simulation re-sults verify that the current particle-linkage model has better matching accuracy than the two existing particle-linkage models. The comparison, between the simplified model and the polyhedral model, on the topological cases of the equilibrium points and the distribution of gravitational potential further validate the rationality and accuracy of the simplified model.展开更多
文摘Chronic granulomatous disease(CGD)is an inherited defect of phagocyte function due to defective NADPH oxidase.Patients with CGD are not able to effectively clear the infections because of the defect in the phagocyte production of oxygen free radicals and are prone to recurrent bacterial and fungal infections.Inflammatory complications are also noted in CGD such as colitis,non-infective granulomas causing gastrointestinal or urinary tract obstruction,hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis,and arthritis.Studies on toll-like receptor pathways and neutrophil extracellular traps in CGD have shed light on the role of NADPH oxidase in the innate immunity and pathogenesis of infections in CGD.Some reports also indicate a reduction of memory B cells and defective production of functional antibodies in CGD.Though the exact mechanisms for non-infective inflammatory complications in CGD are not yet clear,studies on efferocytosis and defective autophagy with inflammasome activation have made a substantial contribution to our understanding of the pathogenesis of inflammation in CGD.We also discuss the clinical and molecular features of p40phox defects and a newer genetic defect,EROS.Clinical phenotypes of X-linked carriers of CYBB are also discussed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.11672126)the Innovation Funded Project of Shanghai Aerospace Science and Technology (Grant Nos.SAST2017032 and SAST2015036)the Scientific Research Foundation for New Staffs of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (Grant No.1011-YAH17071)
文摘This paper investigates a simplified model for describing the gravitational fields of non- axisymmetric elongated asteroids. The connection between the simplified model and the target aster-oid is built by considering the positions of equilibrium points. To improve the performance of po-sition matching for the equilibrium points associated with these non-axisymmetric asteroids, a non-axisymmetric triple-particle-linkage model is proposed based on two existing axisymmetric particle- linkage models. The unknown parameters of the simplified model are determined by minimizing the matching error using the nonlinear optimization method. The proposed simplified model is applied for three realistic elongated asteroids, 243 Ida, 433 Eros and （8567） 1996 HW1. The simulation re-sults verify that the current particle-linkage model has better matching accuracy than the two existing particle-linkage models. The comparison, between the simplified model and the polyhedral model, on the topological cases of the equilibrium points and the distribution of gravitational potential further validate the rationality and accuracy of the simplified model.
