Aim: The effects of certain uropathogenic microorganisms (Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis) on human sperm motility characteristics were studied i...Aim: The effects of certain uropathogenic microorganisms (Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis) on human sperm motility characteristics were studied in vitro. Methods: In 10 healthy fertile men, ejaculates were aseptically obtained by masturbation and With a swim-up technique, a sperm suspension of high motility and purity was obtained. Several uropathogenic bacteria were obtained from outpatients with genitourinary tract infections. The sperm suspension was incubated with the pathogens at a bacteria: sperm ratio of 50:1 at 37℃. The sperm mobility parameters were estimated with a computerassisted sperm analyzer (CASA) provided with a multiple-exposure photography system (Madi Corp., Zhejiang, China). Measurements were carried out at 0, 2 and 4 hours of incubation. Results: Staphylococcus aureus significantly decreased the sperm motility and viability, but Staphylococcus epidermidis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae did not. Conclusion: Staphylococcus aureus has an inhibitory effect on human sperm motility in vitro.展开更多
Honey has long been considered a wound treatment used to keep cuts and other epidermal injuries clean. This study tested that claim by comparing manuka honey used in medicine today, local unprocessed honey taken strai...Honey has long been considered a wound treatment used to keep cuts and other epidermal injuries clean. This study tested that claim by comparing manuka honey used in medicine today, local unprocessed honey taken straight from a hive, and pasteurized honey found at a store, on strains of E. coli and S. epidermidis. The study evaluated the effects these honeys had on bacterial growth to determine which had the greatest inhibition of bacterial growth. To determine this, plates streaked with strains of E. coli or S. epidermidis bacteria and agar wells filled with one of the honeys were incubated and subsequently the diameter of the zone of inhibition was measured. After 20 trials using each honey and bacteria type, manuka and unprocessed were shown to have a statistically significant advantage over the pasteurized honey at inhibiting the growth of E. coli and S. epidermidis, though it was variable whether manuka had an advantage over the unprocessed honey.展开更多
Background The Alere PBP2a SA Culture Colony Test is an FDA-cleared in vitro immunochromatographic assay for rapid detection of penicillin-binding protein2a(PBP2a)in Staphylococcus aureus.Methods We investigated the p...Background The Alere PBP2a SA Culture Colony Test is an FDA-cleared in vitro immunochromatographic assay for rapid detection of penicillin-binding protein2a(PBP2a)in Staphylococcus aureus.Methods We investigated the performance of the PBP2a SA Culture Colony Test with 78 coagulase-negative Staphylococcus(CoNS)isolates from different body sites,with the Vitek 2 Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test(AST)as a reference standard.Results The CoNS species were 62 S.epidermidis;6 S.lugdenensis;3 S.hominis;2 S.capitis;2 S.haemolyticus;and 1 each of S.simulans,S.auricularis,and S.warneri.Of the 78 CoNS isolates,68 showed concordance in the PBP2a IC assay and Vitek 2 AST.Discordance was seen for 10 S.epidermidis isolates,which showed negative in the PBP2a assay,despite oxacillin-resistance detection using the Vitek 2 AST(66.7%sensitivity and 100%specificity).All non-S.epidermidis CoNS were identified with 100%concordance using the PBP2a IC assay and Vitek 2 AST.Conclusion We demonstrated that,while the PBP2a IC assay has low sensitivity in determining the susceptibility of S.epidermidis to oxacillin,it highly accurately predicted the susceptibility of non-S.epidermidis CoNS to oxacillin.The diagnostic accuracy for non-S.epidermidis CoNS needs further assessment with more isolates to confirm our findings.展开更多
Oral health problems such as periodontal diseases, dental caries, and endodontic infections have a significant negative impact on oral health and impose a substantial financial burden on the global population. The pre...Oral health problems such as periodontal diseases, dental caries, and endodontic infections have a significant negative impact on oral health and impose a substantial financial burden on the global population. The prevalence of these issues is increasing due to the buildup of bacterial plaque and the growing resistance of bacteria to antimicrobial treatments. The aims of this study to evaluate the anti-bacterial activity of four types of antibiotics (Amoxicillin, Augmentin, Azithromycin and Metronidazole) and four types of toothpastes (Sensodyne, ipana, denta and cariax Gingival Kin) on two oral pathogenic bacteria (Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus epidermidis). Bacterial samples of previously isolated Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcusepidermidis were used as test organisms and the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method was employed to assess the antibacterial efficacy of various antibiotics and evaluate the impact of different toothpastes using a filter paper disc agar measurement technique. Each filter disc was saturated with toothpaste solution in a test tube for approximately 30 to 40 seconds, after which they were placed on Mueller-Hinton broth bacterial cultures in petri dishes. These Petri dishes were then incubated at 37°C for 24 hours, and the clear zone’s diameter (inhibition zone in mm) was subsequently measured and the results were recorded. The results demonstrated that Sensodyne toothpaste and Metronidazole antibiotic were ineffective against both types of bacteria, while Augmentin and Amoxicillin were effective by high diameter inhibition zones of growth against S. mutans and Azithromycine against S. epidermidis. Also Ipana, Denta, and Cariax Gingival Kin toothpastes exhibited a moderate effect against the two bacteria. This study suggests that certain antibiotics and toothpastes can effectively inhibit the growth of harmful oral bacteria, but not all of them are effective.展开更多
Biofilms are a constant concern in the food industry;understanding the effect of environmental conditions on biofilm formation is essential to develop effective control strategies.Therefore,this study was conducted to...Biofilms are a constant concern in the food industry;understanding the effect of environmental conditions on biofilm formation is essential to develop effective control strategies.Therefore,this study was conducted to investigate biofilms formation by Staphylococcus epidermidis under various conditions.Biofilms were cultured in nutrient broth containing different carbon source concentrations(0–10 mg/mL)on polystyrene surfaces for 32 h of incubation at 37℃or 55℃,with quantification and enumeration at 8,16,24 and 32 h.S.epidermidis developed biofilms under all tested conditions;achieved the highest yield of biofilm biomass at 2.5 mg/mL for all carbon sources at 37℃.The highest efficiency of extracellular polymeric substance(EPS)molecule production occurred under glucose availability in the growth environment,with a higher yield of biomass and a significantly smaller number of metabolically active cells than under other tested conditions.A condensed ball-shaped structure was observed under the lactose condition.Meanwhile,biofilms in the presence of maltose showed mainly opaque thick rich colonies,while a compact multilayered-shaped structure was exhibited under both glucose and sucrose conditions.These results contribute to a better understanding of the biofilm formation by S.epidermidis in order to reduce contamination and recontamination in the food industry.展开更多
Manganese minerals are widely distributed throughout the globe. The most important industrial uses of Mn are in the manufacture of steel, non-ferrous alloys, carbon-zinc batteries and some chemical reagents. Microbial...Manganese minerals are widely distributed throughout the globe. The most important industrial uses of Mn are in the manufacture of steel, non-ferrous alloys, carbon-zinc batteries and some chemical reagents. Microbial recovery of manganese from low grade manganese ores using bioleaching was investigated in this paper. A bacterial strain, Staphylococcus epidermidis (MTCC-435) was collected from microbial type culture collection, IMTECH Chandigarh and used for the experiment. The experimental results for bioleaching with S. epidermidis showed that under pH 5.5, particle size –150 μm, pulp density 10%, temperature 35℃ and agitation 200 rpm, about 80% of Mn was recovered within 20 days of incubation.展开更多
OBJECTIVE： To study antimicrobial effect of Sodi- um houttuyfonate （SH） on Staphylococcus epider- midis （SE） and Candida albicans （CA）. METHODS： The prepared strain broths （OD600=0.05） containing SE and CA w...OBJECTIVE： To study antimicrobial effect of Sodi- um houttuyfonate （SH） on Staphylococcus epider- midis （SE） and Candida albicans （CA）. METHODS： The prepared strain broths （OD600=0.05） containing SE and CA were firstly used to test the minimal inhibitory concentrations （MICs） of SH, azithromycin （AZM） and fluconazole （FLU） by mi- cro-dilution method. Then the biofilms of SE and CA were matured in 96-well plates, and co-cultured with SH, AZM and FLU for 1, 2 and 3 days to assess the antibiofilm efficacies of the agents with differ- ent concentrations by crystal violet staining meth- od. At last, the treated biofilms of SE and CA by 2× MIC agents were observed by scanning electronic microscope. RESULTS： The MlCs of SE and CA were 256 and 1024 μg/mL, respectively. After the 1st, 2nd and3rd day of medications, the suppressions of biofilm were about 60% （P〈0.01）, 76% （P=0.000） and 75% （P=0.000） by 2×MIC SH, the suppressions of biofilm were about 90% （P=0.000）, 88% （P=0.000） and 90% （P=0.000） by 2×MIC SH, which could be testified by scanning electron microscope results. However, the inhibitions of biofilm attachment had no significant difference for SE by SH and azithromycin and CA by SH and fluconazole. CONCLUSION： SH had widely anti-pathogenic ef- fect on pathogenic biofilm formation of either bac- teria or fungus, had more influence on enclosed cells of SE and CA than the traditional antibiotics, revealing its target might be the extracellular poly- meric substances, and was more active to inhibit the growth of CA than SE.展开更多
AIM： To study the effects of disruption of sarA gene on biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus epidermidis （ S. epiderrnidis）. METHODS： In order to disrupt sarA gene, the double- crossover h...AIM： To study the effects of disruption of sarA gene on biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus epidermidis （ S. epiderrnidis）. METHODS： In order to disrupt sarA gene, the double- crossover homologous recombination was applied in S. epiderrnidis RP62A, and tetracycline resistance gene （tet） was used as the selective marker which was amplified by PCR from the pBR322 and inserted into the locus between sarA upstream and downstream, resulting in pBT2ΔsarA. By electroporation, the plasmid pBT2ΔsarA was transformed into S. epiderrnidis. Gene transcription was detected by real-time reverse transcription-PCR （RT-PCR）. Determination of biofilm was performed in 96-well flat-bottomed culture plates, and antibiotic resistance was analyzed with test tube culture by spectrophotometry at 570 nm respectively. RESULTS： A sarA disrupted strain named S. epiderrnidis RP62AΔsarA was constructed, which was completely defective in biofilm formation, while the sarA complement strain RP62AΔsarA （pHPS9sarA） restored the biofilm formation phenotype. Additionally, the knockout of sarA resulted in decreased erythromycin and kanamycin resistance of S. epiderrnidis RP62A. Compared to the original strain, S. epiderrnidis RP62AΔsarA had an increase of the sensitivity to erythromycin at 200-400 μg/mL and kanamycin at 200-800 μg/mL respectively. CONCLUSION： The knockout of sarA can result in the defect in biofilm formation and the decreased erythromycin and kanamycin resistance in S. epiderrnidis RP62A.展开更多
文摘Aim: The effects of certain uropathogenic microorganisms (Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis) on human sperm motility characteristics were studied in vitro. Methods: In 10 healthy fertile men, ejaculates were aseptically obtained by masturbation and With a swim-up technique, a sperm suspension of high motility and purity was obtained. Several uropathogenic bacteria were obtained from outpatients with genitourinary tract infections. The sperm suspension was incubated with the pathogens at a bacteria: sperm ratio of 50:1 at 37℃. The sperm mobility parameters were estimated with a computerassisted sperm analyzer (CASA) provided with a multiple-exposure photography system (Madi Corp., Zhejiang, China). Measurements were carried out at 0, 2 and 4 hours of incubation. Results: Staphylococcus aureus significantly decreased the sperm motility and viability, but Staphylococcus epidermidis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae did not. Conclusion: Staphylococcus aureus has an inhibitory effect on human sperm motility in vitro.
文摘Honey has long been considered a wound treatment used to keep cuts and other epidermal injuries clean. This study tested that claim by comparing manuka honey used in medicine today, local unprocessed honey taken straight from a hive, and pasteurized honey found at a store, on strains of E. coli and S. epidermidis. The study evaluated the effects these honeys had on bacterial growth to determine which had the greatest inhibition of bacterial growth. To determine this, plates streaked with strains of E. coli or S. epidermidis bacteria and agar wells filled with one of the honeys were incubated and subsequently the diameter of the zone of inhibition was measured. After 20 trials using each honey and bacteria type, manuka and unprocessed were shown to have a statistically significant advantage over the pasteurized honey at inhibiting the growth of E. coli and S. epidermidis, though it was variable whether manuka had an advantage over the unprocessed honey.
文摘Background The Alere PBP2a SA Culture Colony Test is an FDA-cleared in vitro immunochromatographic assay for rapid detection of penicillin-binding protein2a(PBP2a)in Staphylococcus aureus.Methods We investigated the performance of the PBP2a SA Culture Colony Test with 78 coagulase-negative Staphylococcus(CoNS)isolates from different body sites,with the Vitek 2 Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test(AST)as a reference standard.Results The CoNS species were 62 S.epidermidis;6 S.lugdenensis;3 S.hominis;2 S.capitis;2 S.haemolyticus;and 1 each of S.simulans,S.auricularis,and S.warneri.Of the 78 CoNS isolates,68 showed concordance in the PBP2a IC assay and Vitek 2 AST.Discordance was seen for 10 S.epidermidis isolates,which showed negative in the PBP2a assay,despite oxacillin-resistance detection using the Vitek 2 AST(66.7%sensitivity and 100%specificity).All non-S.epidermidis CoNS were identified with 100%concordance using the PBP2a IC assay and Vitek 2 AST.Conclusion We demonstrated that,while the PBP2a IC assay has low sensitivity in determining the susceptibility of S.epidermidis to oxacillin,it highly accurately predicted the susceptibility of non-S.epidermidis CoNS to oxacillin.The diagnostic accuracy for non-S.epidermidis CoNS needs further assessment with more isolates to confirm our findings.
文摘Oral health problems such as periodontal diseases, dental caries, and endodontic infections have a significant negative impact on oral health and impose a substantial financial burden on the global population. The prevalence of these issues is increasing due to the buildup of bacterial plaque and the growing resistance of bacteria to antimicrobial treatments. The aims of this study to evaluate the anti-bacterial activity of four types of antibiotics (Amoxicillin, Augmentin, Azithromycin and Metronidazole) and four types of toothpastes (Sensodyne, ipana, denta and cariax Gingival Kin) on two oral pathogenic bacteria (Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus epidermidis). Bacterial samples of previously isolated Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcusepidermidis were used as test organisms and the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method was employed to assess the antibacterial efficacy of various antibiotics and evaluate the impact of different toothpastes using a filter paper disc agar measurement technique. Each filter disc was saturated with toothpaste solution in a test tube for approximately 30 to 40 seconds, after which they were placed on Mueller-Hinton broth bacterial cultures in petri dishes. These Petri dishes were then incubated at 37°C for 24 hours, and the clear zone’s diameter (inhibition zone in mm) was subsequently measured and the results were recorded. The results demonstrated that Sensodyne toothpaste and Metronidazole antibiotic were ineffective against both types of bacteria, while Augmentin and Amoxicillin were effective by high diameter inhibition zones of growth against S. mutans and Azithromycine against S. epidermidis. Also Ipana, Denta, and Cariax Gingival Kin toothpastes exhibited a moderate effect against the two bacteria. This study suggests that certain antibiotics and toothpastes can effectively inhibit the growth of harmful oral bacteria, but not all of them are effective.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0400301)the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province(2017C02015).
文摘Biofilms are a constant concern in the food industry;understanding the effect of environmental conditions on biofilm formation is essential to develop effective control strategies.Therefore,this study was conducted to investigate biofilms formation by Staphylococcus epidermidis under various conditions.Biofilms were cultured in nutrient broth containing different carbon source concentrations(0–10 mg/mL)on polystyrene surfaces for 32 h of incubation at 37℃or 55℃,with quantification and enumeration at 8,16,24 and 32 h.S.epidermidis developed biofilms under all tested conditions;achieved the highest yield of biofilm biomass at 2.5 mg/mL for all carbon sources at 37℃.The highest efficiency of extracellular polymeric substance(EPS)molecule production occurred under glucose availability in the growth environment,with a higher yield of biomass and a significantly smaller number of metabolically active cells than under other tested conditions.A condensed ball-shaped structure was observed under the lactose condition.Meanwhile,biofilms in the presence of maltose showed mainly opaque thick rich colonies,while a compact multilayered-shaped structure was exhibited under both glucose and sucrose conditions.These results contribute to a better understanding of the biofilm formation by S.epidermidis in order to reduce contamination and recontamination in the food industry.
文摘Manganese minerals are widely distributed throughout the globe. The most important industrial uses of Mn are in the manufacture of steel, non-ferrous alloys, carbon-zinc batteries and some chemical reagents. Microbial recovery of manganese from low grade manganese ores using bioleaching was investigated in this paper. A bacterial strain, Staphylococcus epidermidis (MTCC-435) was collected from microbial type culture collection, IMTECH Chandigarh and used for the experiment. The experimental results for bioleaching with S. epidermidis showed that under pH 5.5, particle size –150 μm, pulp density 10%, temperature 35℃ and agitation 200 rpm, about 80% of Mn was recovered within 20 days of incubation.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81173629)
文摘OBJECTIVE： To study antimicrobial effect of Sodi- um houttuyfonate （SH） on Staphylococcus epider- midis （SE） and Candida albicans （CA）. METHODS： The prepared strain broths （OD600=0.05） containing SE and CA were firstly used to test the minimal inhibitory concentrations （MICs） of SH, azithromycin （AZM） and fluconazole （FLU） by mi- cro-dilution method. Then the biofilms of SE and CA were matured in 96-well plates, and co-cultured with SH, AZM and FLU for 1, 2 and 3 days to assess the antibiofilm efficacies of the agents with differ- ent concentrations by crystal violet staining meth- od. At last, the treated biofilms of SE and CA by 2× MIC agents were observed by scanning electronic microscope. RESULTS： The MlCs of SE and CA were 256 and 1024 μg/mL, respectively. After the 1st, 2nd and3rd day of medications, the suppressions of biofilm were about 60% （P〈0.01）, 76% （P=0.000） and 75% （P=0.000） by 2×MIC SH, the suppressions of biofilm were about 90% （P=0.000）, 88% （P=0.000） and 90% （P=0.000） by 2×MIC SH, which could be testified by scanning electron microscope results. However, the inhibitions of biofilm attachment had no significant difference for SE by SH and azithromycin and CA by SH and fluconazole. CONCLUSION： SH had widely anti-pathogenic ef- fect on pathogenic biofilm formation of either bac- teria or fungus, had more influence on enclosed cells of SE and CA than the traditional antibiotics, revealing its target might be the extracellular poly- meric substances, and was more active to inhibit the growth of CA than SE.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No. 30270018
文摘AIM： To study the effects of disruption of sarA gene on biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus epidermidis （ S. epiderrnidis）. METHODS： In order to disrupt sarA gene, the double- crossover homologous recombination was applied in S. epiderrnidis RP62A, and tetracycline resistance gene （tet） was used as the selective marker which was amplified by PCR from the pBR322 and inserted into the locus between sarA upstream and downstream, resulting in pBT2ΔsarA. By electroporation, the plasmid pBT2ΔsarA was transformed into S. epiderrnidis. Gene transcription was detected by real-time reverse transcription-PCR （RT-PCR）. Determination of biofilm was performed in 96-well flat-bottomed culture plates, and antibiotic resistance was analyzed with test tube culture by spectrophotometry at 570 nm respectively. RESULTS： A sarA disrupted strain named S. epiderrnidis RP62AΔsarA was constructed, which was completely defective in biofilm formation, while the sarA complement strain RP62AΔsarA （pHPS9sarA） restored the biofilm formation phenotype. Additionally, the knockout of sarA resulted in decreased erythromycin and kanamycin resistance of S. epiderrnidis RP62A. Compared to the original strain, S. epiderrnidis RP62AΔsarA had an increase of the sensitivity to erythromycin at 200-400 μg/mL and kanamycin at 200-800 μg/mL respectively. CONCLUSION： The knockout of sarA can result in the defect in biofilm formation and the decreased erythromycin and kanamycin resistance in S. epiderrnidis RP62A.
