The retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)and choroid are located behind the human retina and have multiple functions in the human visual system.Knowledge of the RPE and choroid cells and their gene expression profiles are f...The retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)and choroid are located behind the human retina and have multiple functions in the human visual system.Knowledge of the RPE and choroid cells and their gene expression profiles are fundamental for understanding retinal disease mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.Here,we sequenced the RNA of about 0.3 million single cells from human RPE and choroids across two regions and seven ages,revealing regional and age differences within the human RPE and choroid.Cell–cell interactions highlight the broad connectivity networks between the RPE and different choroid cell types.Moreover,the transcription factors and their target genes change during aging.The coding of somatic variations increases during aging in the human RPE and choroid at the single-cell level.Moreover,we identified ELN as a candidate for improving RPE degeneration and choroidal structure during aging.The mapping of the molecular architecture of the human RPE and choroid improves our understanding of the human vision support system and offers potential insights into the intervention targets for retinal diseases.展开更多
Venezuela-Colombia diplomatic disputes draw attention to Latin America’s struggle for solidarity The diplomatic dispute between Colombia and Venezuela ended when the presidents of the two nations met in Santa Marta,C...Venezuela-Colombia diplomatic disputes draw attention to Latin America’s struggle for solidarity The diplomatic dispute between Colombia and Venezuela ended when the presidents of the two nations met in Santa Marta,Colombia,on August 10.展开更多
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) was originally designed for wired networks. Many compatibility problems exist when it is applied to wireless environments, and hence it needs to undergo modifications. Currently, th...Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) was originally designed for wired networks. Many compatibility problems exist when it is applied to wireless environments, and hence it needs to undergo modifications. Currently, there are several TCP performance enhancement techniques for application of TCP in wireless environments, but all of them conflict with IPsec. This paper not only analyzes these conflicts, but also proposes 4 solutions: replacing IPsec with Transport Layer Security/Secure Socket Layer (TLS/SSL) protocol, adopting the extended Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) protocol, segmenting the TCP route, and modifying the end-to-end protection mode of IPsec. It also presents their strengths and weaknesses.展开更多
细胞和基因治疗(Cell and Gene Therapy,简称CGT)近年来获得快速发展。由于CGT的起始物料差异大,工艺流程具有特异性等特点,造成研发数据完整性合规难度大等的问题。文章介绍了一种根据CGT研发特点而开发的计算机化系统:它整合了电子实...细胞和基因治疗(Cell and Gene Therapy,简称CGT)近年来获得快速发展。由于CGT的起始物料差异大,工艺流程具有特异性等特点,造成研发数据完整性合规难度大等的问题。文章介绍了一种根据CGT研发特点而开发的计算机化系统:它整合了电子实验记录本(ELN)及部分实验室信息管理系统(LIMS)的功能,可最大程度确保研发人员的操作、记录符合GMP规范,确保研发数据真实可靠,符合数据完整性和新药申报要求。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81790643,81970839,82271105,and 82121003)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(China)(No.2021YFS0033,2021YFS0404,2021YFS0369,and 2020ZYD037)the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(China)(No.2019-I2M-5-032).
文摘The retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)and choroid are located behind the human retina and have multiple functions in the human visual system.Knowledge of the RPE and choroid cells and their gene expression profiles are fundamental for understanding retinal disease mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.Here,we sequenced the RNA of about 0.3 million single cells from human RPE and choroids across two regions and seven ages,revealing regional and age differences within the human RPE and choroid.Cell–cell interactions highlight the broad connectivity networks between the RPE and different choroid cell types.Moreover,the transcription factors and their target genes change during aging.The coding of somatic variations increases during aging in the human RPE and choroid at the single-cell level.Moreover,we identified ELN as a candidate for improving RPE degeneration and choroidal structure during aging.The mapping of the molecular architecture of the human RPE and choroid improves our understanding of the human vision support system and offers potential insights into the intervention targets for retinal diseases.
文摘Venezuela-Colombia diplomatic disputes draw attention to Latin America’s struggle for solidarity The diplomatic dispute between Colombia and Venezuela ended when the presidents of the two nations met in Santa Marta,Colombia,on August 10.
文摘Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) was originally designed for wired networks. Many compatibility problems exist when it is applied to wireless environments, and hence it needs to undergo modifications. Currently, there are several TCP performance enhancement techniques for application of TCP in wireless environments, but all of them conflict with IPsec. This paper not only analyzes these conflicts, but also proposes 4 solutions: replacing IPsec with Transport Layer Security/Secure Socket Layer (TLS/SSL) protocol, adopting the extended Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) protocol, segmenting the TCP route, and modifying the end-to-end protection mode of IPsec. It also presents their strengths and weaknesses.
文摘细胞和基因治疗(Cell and Gene Therapy,简称CGT)近年来获得快速发展。由于CGT的起始物料差异大,工艺流程具有特异性等特点,造成研发数据完整性合规难度大等的问题。文章介绍了一种根据CGT研发特点而开发的计算机化系统:它整合了电子实验记录本(ELN)及部分实验室信息管理系统(LIMS)的功能,可最大程度确保研发人员的操作、记录符合GMP规范,确保研发数据真实可靠,符合数据完整性和新药申报要求。
