According to the boundary layer observations of three stations (Garze, Damxung and Qamdu) and relevant earth satellite, radiosonde and surface observations during the intensive observational period (IOP) of the second...According to the boundary layer observations of three stations (Garze, Damxung and Qamdu) and relevant earth satellite, radiosonde and surface observations during the intensive observational period (IOP) of the second Tibetan (Qinghai-Xizang) Plateau Experiment of atmospheric science (TIPEX), the land-air physical process and dynamic model on the Tibetan Plateau were comprehensively analyzed in this study. The dynamic characteristics of boundary layer and the rules of turbulent motion on the plateau were illustrated. The characteristics of distributions of wind speed and direction with mutiple-layer structure and deep convective mixed layer on the plateau, the strong buoyancy effect in turbulent motion on the plateau on which the air density is obviously smaller than on the plain, and the Ekman spiral and its dynamic pump effect of the plateau deep boundary layer have been found. The local static distribution of water vapor and the horizontal advection of water vapor in the plateau boundary layer were studied. The abnomal thermodynamic structure on the plateau surface and boundary layer, including the plateau strong radiation phenomenon and strong heating source characteristics of the middle plateau, was also analyzed. The authors synthesized the above dynamic and thermodynamic structures of both surface and boundary layers on the plateau and posed the comprehensive physical model of the turbulence and convective mixture mechanism on the plateau boundary layer. The characteristics of formation, development and movement for convective cloud cluster over the plateau influencing floods in the Yangtze River area of China were studied. The conceptual model of dynamic and thermodynamic structures of turbulent motion and convective plume related to the frequent occurrence of 'pop-corn-like' cloud system is given as well.展开更多
利用NCEP再分析1°×1°资料对2009年9月4-7日造成新疆西南部一次暴雨过程的中亚低涡的动力热力三维结构及演变特征进行了分析,并初步探讨了低涡的发生、发展机理。结果表明:此次中亚低涡具有明显的冷心结构且较为深厚,首...利用NCEP再分析1°×1°资料对2009年9月4-7日造成新疆西南部一次暴雨过程的中亚低涡的动力热力三维结构及演变特征进行了分析,并初步探讨了低涡的发生、发展机理。结果表明:此次中亚低涡具有明显的冷心结构且较为深厚,首先在对流层中高层发展(300 h Pa高度上低涡中心及演变特征最为明显),随时间向低层延伸,其发展—成熟—减弱过程是一个斜压—正压—斜压的过程。成熟期,300 h Pa之下均为冷异常,冷中心与高度中心相重合,轴线趋于垂直;低涡中心附近对流层整层均为正涡度区,在其东西两侧300 h Pa高度上存在对称的正涡度中心;低涡中心附近对流层低层辐合、中高层辐散的结构有利于上升运动及中亚低涡的维持发展。减弱期,冷中心强度明显减弱,轴线向西倾斜,低涡中心附近对流层中高层出现负涡度区,无明显辐散辐合和上升运动。此次过程中,上升运动与充足的水汽相互配合,引发强降水。对流层"上干下湿"的空间结构、冷空气向下传递以及高位涡的侵入和向下传递对低涡的发展演变有重要意义。展开更多
文摘According to the boundary layer observations of three stations (Garze, Damxung and Qamdu) and relevant earth satellite, radiosonde and surface observations during the intensive observational period (IOP) of the second Tibetan (Qinghai-Xizang) Plateau Experiment of atmospheric science (TIPEX), the land-air physical process and dynamic model on the Tibetan Plateau were comprehensively analyzed in this study. The dynamic characteristics of boundary layer and the rules of turbulent motion on the plateau were illustrated. The characteristics of distributions of wind speed and direction with mutiple-layer structure and deep convective mixed layer on the plateau, the strong buoyancy effect in turbulent motion on the plateau on which the air density is obviously smaller than on the plain, and the Ekman spiral and its dynamic pump effect of the plateau deep boundary layer have been found. The local static distribution of water vapor and the horizontal advection of water vapor in the plateau boundary layer were studied. The abnomal thermodynamic structure on the plateau surface and boundary layer, including the plateau strong radiation phenomenon and strong heating source characteristics of the middle plateau, was also analyzed. The authors synthesized the above dynamic and thermodynamic structures of both surface and boundary layers on the plateau and posed the comprehensive physical model of the turbulence and convective mixture mechanism on the plateau boundary layer. The characteristics of formation, development and movement for convective cloud cluster over the plateau influencing floods in the Yangtze River area of China were studied. The conceptual model of dynamic and thermodynamic structures of turbulent motion and convective plume related to the frequent occurrence of 'pop-corn-like' cloud system is given as well.
文摘利用NCEP再分析1°×1°资料对2009年9月4-7日造成新疆西南部一次暴雨过程的中亚低涡的动力热力三维结构及演变特征进行了分析,并初步探讨了低涡的发生、发展机理。结果表明:此次中亚低涡具有明显的冷心结构且较为深厚,首先在对流层中高层发展(300 h Pa高度上低涡中心及演变特征最为明显),随时间向低层延伸,其发展—成熟—减弱过程是一个斜压—正压—斜压的过程。成熟期,300 h Pa之下均为冷异常,冷中心与高度中心相重合,轴线趋于垂直;低涡中心附近对流层整层均为正涡度区,在其东西两侧300 h Pa高度上存在对称的正涡度中心;低涡中心附近对流层低层辐合、中高层辐散的结构有利于上升运动及中亚低涡的维持发展。减弱期,冷中心强度明显减弱,轴线向西倾斜,低涡中心附近对流层中高层出现负涡度区,无明显辐散辐合和上升运动。此次过程中,上升运动与充足的水汽相互配合,引发强降水。对流层"上干下湿"的空间结构、冷空气向下传递以及高位涡的侵入和向下传递对低涡的发展演变有重要意义。
