The effect of non-reactive powder particle properties on the detergent dry agglomeration process in a high shear mixer was investigated. Three types of micron-scale silica were chosen as the non-reactive fine powders ...The effect of non-reactive powder particle properties on the detergent dry agglomeration process in a high shear mixer was investigated. Three types of micron-scale silica were chosen as the non-reactive fine powders and a semi-solid alkyl ethyl ethoxy sulfate(AES) paste with ultra-high viscosity was chosen as the binder. The granules were characterized using massbased granule size distribution, scanning electron microcopy, and bulk density tests. The results revealed that powder particle size plays a leading role in agglomeration behavior. A decrease in the median particle size results in enhanced dispersion of silica particles in the AES paste binder droplets, which leads to the formation of uniform granules that are slightly affected by compacting forces. Agglomerate quality, using silica with high oil absorption as well as optimum particle size, was satisfactory, and the product exhibited a smaller median particle size, narrower size distribution, and superior anti-caking capacity under the same liquid-to-solid ratio(L/S).展开更多
This study described a regime map for dry neutralization agglomeration. Based on the map, the effects of selected key parameters, such as ingredient composition, operation temperature, agitation speed, and size of Na_...This study described a regime map for dry neutralization agglomeration. Based on the map, the effects of selected key parameters, such as ingredient composition, operation temperature, agitation speed, and size of Na_2CO_3 particles, were investigated using a laboratory-scale mixer, and properties of the agglomeration product were analyzed, including particle size distribution, Hunter color, and flowability. Torque curves evolving during the process were correlated with the system flowability. Three distinguishable regimes were indicated, dry, wet, and transitional, and the agitation speed was found to have a different influence on the agglomeration process for the three regimes. Furthermore, the influence of temperature on reactive agglomeration significantly differed from that in agglomeration processes in which the binder was non-reactive.展开更多
Agglomerated nanocrystalline ZrO2-8%Y2O3 powder prepared by spray drying was heat-treated in air at temperatures from 1200 ℃ to 1400 ℃ for 2 h. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the changes of particl...Agglomerated nanocrystalline ZrO2-8%Y2O3 powder prepared by spray drying was heat-treated in air at temperatures from 1200 ℃ to 1400 ℃ for 2 h. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the changes of particle size and morphology, and X-ray diffraction was used to analyze the change of constituent phases before and after the high temperature heat treatment. Nano-particle growth behavior was also investigated. The results show that the major constituent phase of the agglomerated nanocrystalline powder is tetragonal, and non-uniform growth of the nano-particles occurs while the heat treatment temperature reaches 1 300 ℃. This non-uniform growth phenomenon is related with the inhomogeneous distribution of Y2O3 in ZrO2. Nano-particles grow into micron particles through the mechanisms of gradual merging of nano-particles in some areas and sudden merging of nano-particles in other areas.展开更多
基金supported by Procter & Gamble Technology (Beijing) Co.,Ltd
文摘The effect of non-reactive powder particle properties on the detergent dry agglomeration process in a high shear mixer was investigated. Three types of micron-scale silica were chosen as the non-reactive fine powders and a semi-solid alkyl ethyl ethoxy sulfate(AES) paste with ultra-high viscosity was chosen as the binder. The granules were characterized using massbased granule size distribution, scanning electron microcopy, and bulk density tests. The results revealed that powder particle size plays a leading role in agglomeration behavior. A decrease in the median particle size results in enhanced dispersion of silica particles in the AES paste binder droplets, which leads to the formation of uniform granules that are slightly affected by compacting forces. Agglomerate quality, using silica with high oil absorption as well as optimum particle size, was satisfactory, and the product exhibited a smaller median particle size, narrower size distribution, and superior anti-caking capacity under the same liquid-to-solid ratio(L/S).
文摘This study described a regime map for dry neutralization agglomeration. Based on the map, the effects of selected key parameters, such as ingredient composition, operation temperature, agitation speed, and size of Na_2CO_3 particles, were investigated using a laboratory-scale mixer, and properties of the agglomeration product were analyzed, including particle size distribution, Hunter color, and flowability. Torque curves evolving during the process were correlated with the system flowability. Three distinguishable regimes were indicated, dry, wet, and transitional, and the agitation speed was found to have a different influence on the agglomeration process for the three regimes. Furthermore, the influence of temperature on reactive agglomeration significantly differed from that in agglomeration processes in which the binder was non-reactive.
基金Project supported by the Priority Development Program of the Human Resources Ministry of China for Oversea Students
文摘Agglomerated nanocrystalline ZrO2-8%Y2O3 powder prepared by spray drying was heat-treated in air at temperatures from 1200 ℃ to 1400 ℃ for 2 h. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the changes of particle size and morphology, and X-ray diffraction was used to analyze the change of constituent phases before and after the high temperature heat treatment. Nano-particle growth behavior was also investigated. The results show that the major constituent phase of the agglomerated nanocrystalline powder is tetragonal, and non-uniform growth of the nano-particles occurs while the heat treatment temperature reaches 1 300 ℃. This non-uniform growth phenomenon is related with the inhomogeneous distribution of Y2O3 in ZrO2. Nano-particles grow into micron particles through the mechanisms of gradual merging of nano-particles in some areas and sudden merging of nano-particles in other areas.
