The present study introduces an exploratory data analysis based on structural indicators with the aim to assess the effect of silvicultural practices on tree stand structure. The study was carried out in three Italian...The present study introduces an exploratory data analysis based on structural indicators with the aim to assess the effect of silvicultural practices on tree stand structure. The study was carried out in three Italian beech forests of different ages with stand structures that originated from dissimilar regeneration and cultivation techniques(Cansiglio, northern Italy, Chiarano, central Italy,and Mongiana, southern Italy). Ten structural indicators were considered when investigating the latent multivariate relationship between stand structure attributes before and after thinning operations by using a multiway factor analysis(MFA). The MFA results identified the older stand at Cansiglio as more homogeneous for cultivation regimes,and more stable to practices when compared with the younger sites(Chiarano and Mongiana). Heterogeneous stands were sensitive to silvicultural practice thus suggesting their possible impact on forest attributes. The proposed approach proved to be an operational tool to evaluate comprehensively the response of forest structure to planned interventions.展开更多
为揭示长期施肥对黑土大豆根瘤菌群体结构和多样性的影响,采用BOX-PCR、IGS-PCR-RFLP和16S r DNA基因序列分析法,对分离自黑龙江省7种长期不同施肥处理的254株大豆根瘤菌进行了遗传多样性和系统发育分析,结合土壤理化性质分析了大豆根...为揭示长期施肥对黑土大豆根瘤菌群体结构和多样性的影响,采用BOX-PCR、IGS-PCR-RFLP和16S r DNA基因序列分析法,对分离自黑龙江省7种长期不同施肥处理的254株大豆根瘤菌进行了遗传多样性和系统发育分析,结合土壤理化性质分析了大豆根瘤菌群体结构和多样性与土壤因子间的关系。7种处理分别为不施肥(CK)、有机肥(OM)、单施氮肥(N1)、单施2倍氮肥(N2)、氮肥+有机肥(N1+OM)、氮肥磷肥混施(N1P1)和2倍氮肥磷肥混施(N2P2)。系统发育分析结果表明,所有供试菌株均为慢生根瘤菌属(Bradyrhizobium),其中大部分菌株与日本慢生大豆根瘤菌(Bradyrhizobium japonicum)相似性最高,少部分菌株与辽宁慢生大豆根瘤菌(Bradyrhizobium liaoningense)相似性最高。BOX-PCR聚类分析结果表明,供试菌株在70%相似性水平上分为15个群,在与施肥处理相关性分析中分为3个群体,分别对应于不施化肥处理(CK和OM)、化学氮肥处理(N1、N2、N1+OM)、氮肥磷肥处理(N1P1和N2P2)。典范对应分析结果表明,土壤p H、速效氮和速效磷与根瘤菌群体结构相关性极显著(P=0.002,0.004,0.002)。不同施肥措施下大豆根瘤菌的多样性有明显差异:N2P2处理的丰富度指数和Shannon-Wiener指数显著高于其他处理;OM处理的Simpson指数最高;N1和N2处理的3种多样性指数都显著低于其他处理。通径分析结果表明,p H、速效磷对多样性指数有较高的直接正效应;速效氮通过p H的间接负效应影响多样性指数。本研究表明,长期施用化肥改变了根瘤菌群体结构,单施氮肥减少大豆根瘤菌多样性,而氮肥磷肥混施则有助于提高大豆根瘤菌多样性。展开更多
基金funded within the Project LIFE09 ENV/IT000078 ‘‘Managing Forests for multiple purpose:Carbon,Biodiversity and socio-economic wellbeing’’(ManForCBD)
文摘The present study introduces an exploratory data analysis based on structural indicators with the aim to assess the effect of silvicultural practices on tree stand structure. The study was carried out in three Italian beech forests of different ages with stand structures that originated from dissimilar regeneration and cultivation techniques(Cansiglio, northern Italy, Chiarano, central Italy,and Mongiana, southern Italy). Ten structural indicators were considered when investigating the latent multivariate relationship between stand structure attributes before and after thinning operations by using a multiway factor analysis(MFA). The MFA results identified the older stand at Cansiglio as more homogeneous for cultivation regimes,and more stable to practices when compared with the younger sites(Chiarano and Mongiana). Heterogeneous stands were sensitive to silvicultural practice thus suggesting their possible impact on forest attributes. The proposed approach proved to be an operational tool to evaluate comprehensively the response of forest structure to planned interventions.
