A phylogeny of the genus Aphis Linnaeus, 1 758 was built primarily from specimens collected in the Midwest of the United States. A data matrix was constructedwith 68 species and 41 morphological characters with respec...A phylogeny of the genus Aphis Linnaeus, 1 758 was built primarily from specimens collected in the Midwest of the United States. A data matrix was constructedwith 68 species and 41 morphological characters with respective character states of alate and apterous viviparous females. Dendrogram topologies of analyses performed usingUPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean), Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian analysis of Cytochrome Oxidase I, Elongation Factor 1-α and primary endosymbiont Buchnera aphidicola 16S sequences were not congruent. Bayesian analysis strongly supported most terminal nodes of the phylogenetic trees. The phylogeny wasstrongly supported by EFI-α, and analysis of COl and EFI-α molecular data combined with morphological characters. It was not supported by single analysis of COI or Buch-hera aphidicola 16S. Results from the Bayesian phylogeny show 4 main species groups: asclepiadis,fabae, gossypii, and middletonii. Results place Aphis and species of the generaProtaphis Bōrner, 1952, Toxoptera Koch, 1856 and Xerobion Nevsky, 1928 in a monophyletic clade. Morphological characters support this monophyly as well. The phylogenyshows that the monophyletic clade of the North American middletonii species group belong to the genus Protaphis: P. debilicornis (Gillette & Palmer, 1929), comb. nov., P. echinaceae(Lagos and Voegtlin, 2009), comb. nov., and P. middletonii (Thomas, 1879). The genus Toxoptera should be considered a subgenus of Aphis (stat. nov.). The analysis also indicatesthat the current genus Iowana Frison, 1954 should be considered a subgenus of Aphis (stat. nov.).展开更多
As the masterpiece of Wharton,The Age of Innocence mainly concentrates on women’s fates in the strict restraint of the New York society.In the novel,Wharton portrays two contrasting female characters—May Welland and...As the masterpiece of Wharton,The Age of Innocence mainly concentrates on women’s fates in the strict restraint of the New York society.In the novel,Wharton portrays two contrasting female characters—May Welland and Ellen Olenska,who are regarded as the most progressive ones among the female figures she has ever created.Scholars,both domestic and abroad,have studied this novel from a raft of perspectives.Most of them have explored the feminist ideas,the conventions of upper-class society,and the protagonist Newland’s perplexity which are embodied in the novel.However,this paper aims to examine the divergences between two female figures—May and Ellen.The exploration of their divergences makes it clear that May is an ideal woman of the 19th century New York while Ellen is an ideal woman of modern society.展开更多
This article tries to find out the few discrepancies between the teachers and their scholars as to oral activity, which shows that scholars' expectations and needs are not quite responded to. The versions chosen as a...This article tries to find out the few discrepancies between the teachers and their scholars as to oral activity, which shows that scholars' expectations and needs are not quite responded to. The versions chosen as a sample for this study come from different schools in the academy of Rabat Sal~ Zemmour Zaer area and belong to three different educational levels including common core, first year, and second year in addition to a total number of 40 teachers who have contributed to this research throughout the whole process. This research has relied on different instruments to collect the data including questionnaires, interviews, and class observation grids. Results showed that scholars' perceptions highly favour thematic variety. Findings also reported match findings of previous research in highlighting the importance of using tech facilities and multimedia to improve oral activity.展开更多
文摘A phylogeny of the genus Aphis Linnaeus, 1 758 was built primarily from specimens collected in the Midwest of the United States. A data matrix was constructedwith 68 species and 41 morphological characters with respective character states of alate and apterous viviparous females. Dendrogram topologies of analyses performed usingUPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean), Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian analysis of Cytochrome Oxidase I, Elongation Factor 1-α and primary endosymbiont Buchnera aphidicola 16S sequences were not congruent. Bayesian analysis strongly supported most terminal nodes of the phylogenetic trees. The phylogeny wasstrongly supported by EFI-α, and analysis of COl and EFI-α molecular data combined with morphological characters. It was not supported by single analysis of COI or Buch-hera aphidicola 16S. Results from the Bayesian phylogeny show 4 main species groups: asclepiadis,fabae, gossypii, and middletonii. Results place Aphis and species of the generaProtaphis Bōrner, 1952, Toxoptera Koch, 1856 and Xerobion Nevsky, 1928 in a monophyletic clade. Morphological characters support this monophyly as well. The phylogenyshows that the monophyletic clade of the North American middletonii species group belong to the genus Protaphis: P. debilicornis (Gillette & Palmer, 1929), comb. nov., P. echinaceae(Lagos and Voegtlin, 2009), comb. nov., and P. middletonii (Thomas, 1879). The genus Toxoptera should be considered a subgenus of Aphis (stat. nov.). The analysis also indicatesthat the current genus Iowana Frison, 1954 should be considered a subgenus of Aphis (stat. nov.).
文摘As the masterpiece of Wharton,The Age of Innocence mainly concentrates on women’s fates in the strict restraint of the New York society.In the novel,Wharton portrays two contrasting female characters—May Welland and Ellen Olenska,who are regarded as the most progressive ones among the female figures she has ever created.Scholars,both domestic and abroad,have studied this novel from a raft of perspectives.Most of them have explored the feminist ideas,the conventions of upper-class society,and the protagonist Newland’s perplexity which are embodied in the novel.However,this paper aims to examine the divergences between two female figures—May and Ellen.The exploration of their divergences makes it clear that May is an ideal woman of the 19th century New York while Ellen is an ideal woman of modern society.
文摘This article tries to find out the few discrepancies between the teachers and their scholars as to oral activity, which shows that scholars' expectations and needs are not quite responded to. The versions chosen as a sample for this study come from different schools in the academy of Rabat Sal~ Zemmour Zaer area and belong to three different educational levels including common core, first year, and second year in addition to a total number of 40 teachers who have contributed to this research throughout the whole process. This research has relied on different instruments to collect the data including questionnaires, interviews, and class observation grids. Results showed that scholars' perceptions highly favour thematic variety. Findings also reported match findings of previous research in highlighting the importance of using tech facilities and multimedia to improve oral activity.