Mobile robots behaving as humans should possess multifunctional flexible sensing systems including vision,hearing,touch,smell,and taste.A gas sensor array(GSA),also known as electronic nose,is a possible solution for ...Mobile robots behaving as humans should possess multifunctional flexible sensing systems including vision,hearing,touch,smell,and taste.A gas sensor array(GSA),also known as electronic nose,is a possible solution for a robotic olfactory system that can detect and discriminate a wide variety of gas molecules.Artificial intelligence(AI)applied to an electronic nose involves a diverse set of machine learning algorithms which can generate a smell print by analyzing the signal pattern from the GSA.A combination of GSA and AI algorithms can empower intelligent robots with great capabilities in many areas such as environmental monitoring,gas leakage detection,food and beverage production and storage,and especially disease diagnosis through detection of different types and concentrations of target gases with the advantages of portability,low-powerconsumption and ease-of-operation.It is exciting to envisage robots equipped with a"nose"acting as family doctor who will guard every family member's health and keep their home safe.In this review,we give a summary of the state-of the-art research progress in the fabrication techniques for GSAs and typical algorithms employed in artificial olfactory systems,exploring their potential applications in disease diagnosis,environmental monitoring,and explosive detection.We also discuss the key limitations of gas sensor units and their possible solutions.Finally,we present the outlook of GSAs over the horizon of smart homes and cities.展开更多
Liver disease is characterized by breath exhalation of peculiar volatile organic compounds(VOCs).Thanks to the availability of sensitive technologies for breath analysis,this empiric approach has recently gained incre...Liver disease is characterized by breath exhalation of peculiar volatile organic compounds(VOCs).Thanks to the availability of sensitive technologies for breath analysis,this empiric approach has recently gained increasing attention in the context of hepatology,following the good results obtained in other fields of medicine.After the first studies that led to the identification of selected VOCs for pathophysiological purposes,subsequent research has progressively turned towards the comprehensive assessment of exhaled breath for potential clinical application.Specific VOC patterns were found to discriminate subjects with liver cirrhosis,to rate disease severity,and,eventually,to forecast adverse clinical outcomes even beyond existing scores.Preliminary results suggest that breath analysis could be useful also for detecting and staging hepatic encephalopathy and for predicting steatohepatitis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.However,clinical translation is still hampered by a number of methodological limitations,including the lack of standardization and the consequent poor comparability between studies and the absence of external validation of obtained results.Given the low-cost and easy execution at bedside of the new technologies(e-nose),larger and well-structured studies are expected in order to provide the adequate level of evidence to support VOC analysis in clinical practice.展开更多
<strong>Objectives:</strong> In many articles, gastroesophageal reflux has been identified as a strong underlying factor in laryngeal and extra-laryngeal disorders. But the exact mechanism of these complic...<strong>Objectives:</strong> In many articles, gastroesophageal reflux has been identified as a strong underlying factor in laryngeal and extra-laryngeal disorders. But the exact mechanism of these complications is still controversial. The present study was designed to investigate the association of gastroesophageal acid reflux to ear, nose and throat diseases in children. <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> The present study is a descriptive cross-sectional study and its statistical population includes children with gastroesophageal reflux disease over a period of 18 months visited Salmaniya Medical Complex, Kingdom of Bahrain. The diagnosis of GERD (Gastroesophageal reflux disease) was recorded based on symptoms, radiological and endoscopic findings and ESPGHAN guidelines. The ear, nose and throat were examined and problems recorded followed by initiation of medical treatment. After one and six months of follow up post treatment all clinical findings were recorded. <strong>Results:</strong> 26.4% of the children were under one year old. In 78% of children, a family history of GERD was reported to be negative. Cough was the most common clinical complaint. After one month of treatment, 15% of gastrointestinal symptoms and 40% of ENT symptoms completely improved. After six months of treatment 72% percentage of gastrointestinal symptoms and ENT symptoms completely improved. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> This study showed that gastroesophageal reflux disease should be considered, diagnosed and treated in all children with refractory ear, nose and throat symptoms.展开更多
基金supported by the Hong Kong Innovation and Technology Fund (ITS/115/18) from the Innovation and Technology CommissionShenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission (Project No. J CYJ20180306174923335)
文摘Mobile robots behaving as humans should possess multifunctional flexible sensing systems including vision,hearing,touch,smell,and taste.A gas sensor array(GSA),also known as electronic nose,is a possible solution for a robotic olfactory system that can detect and discriminate a wide variety of gas molecules.Artificial intelligence(AI)applied to an electronic nose involves a diverse set of machine learning algorithms which can generate a smell print by analyzing the signal pattern from the GSA.A combination of GSA and AI algorithms can empower intelligent robots with great capabilities in many areas such as environmental monitoring,gas leakage detection,food and beverage production and storage,and especially disease diagnosis through detection of different types and concentrations of target gases with the advantages of portability,low-powerconsumption and ease-of-operation.It is exciting to envisage robots equipped with a"nose"acting as family doctor who will guard every family member's health and keep their home safe.In this review,we give a summary of the state-of the-art research progress in the fabrication techniques for GSAs and typical algorithms employed in artificial olfactory systems,exploring their potential applications in disease diagnosis,environmental monitoring,and explosive detection.We also discuss the key limitations of gas sensor units and their possible solutions.Finally,we present the outlook of GSAs over the horizon of smart homes and cities.
文摘Liver disease is characterized by breath exhalation of peculiar volatile organic compounds(VOCs).Thanks to the availability of sensitive technologies for breath analysis,this empiric approach has recently gained increasing attention in the context of hepatology,following the good results obtained in other fields of medicine.After the first studies that led to the identification of selected VOCs for pathophysiological purposes,subsequent research has progressively turned towards the comprehensive assessment of exhaled breath for potential clinical application.Specific VOC patterns were found to discriminate subjects with liver cirrhosis,to rate disease severity,and,eventually,to forecast adverse clinical outcomes even beyond existing scores.Preliminary results suggest that breath analysis could be useful also for detecting and staging hepatic encephalopathy and for predicting steatohepatitis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.However,clinical translation is still hampered by a number of methodological limitations,including the lack of standardization and the consequent poor comparability between studies and the absence of external validation of obtained results.Given the low-cost and easy execution at bedside of the new technologies(e-nose),larger and well-structured studies are expected in order to provide the adequate level of evidence to support VOC analysis in clinical practice.
文摘<strong>Objectives:</strong> In many articles, gastroesophageal reflux has been identified as a strong underlying factor in laryngeal and extra-laryngeal disorders. But the exact mechanism of these complications is still controversial. The present study was designed to investigate the association of gastroesophageal acid reflux to ear, nose and throat diseases in children. <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> The present study is a descriptive cross-sectional study and its statistical population includes children with gastroesophageal reflux disease over a period of 18 months visited Salmaniya Medical Complex, Kingdom of Bahrain. The diagnosis of GERD (Gastroesophageal reflux disease) was recorded based on symptoms, radiological and endoscopic findings and ESPGHAN guidelines. The ear, nose and throat were examined and problems recorded followed by initiation of medical treatment. After one and six months of follow up post treatment all clinical findings were recorded. <strong>Results:</strong> 26.4% of the children were under one year old. In 78% of children, a family history of GERD was reported to be negative. Cough was the most common clinical complaint. After one month of treatment, 15% of gastrointestinal symptoms and 40% of ENT symptoms completely improved. After six months of treatment 72% percentage of gastrointestinal symptoms and ENT symptoms completely improved. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> This study showed that gastroesophageal reflux disease should be considered, diagnosed and treated in all children with refractory ear, nose and throat symptoms.
