The wave reflection coefficient frequency spectrum and directional spectrum for concrete face slope breakwaters and rubble mound breakwaters are investigated through physical model tests in the present study. The refl...The wave reflection coefficient frequency spectrum and directional spectrum for concrete face slope breakwaters and rubble mound breakwaters are investigated through physical model tests in the present study. The reflection coefficients of oblique irregular waves are analyzed by the Modified Two-Point Method (MTPM) proposed by the authors. The results show that the wave reflection coefficient decreases with increasing wave frequency and incident angle or decreasing structure slope. The reflection coefficient frequency spectrum and its variation with Iribarren number are given in this paper. The paper also suggests an empirical 3-dimensional reflection coefficient spectrum, i.e. reflection coefficient directional spectrum, which can be used to illustrate quantitatively the variation of reflection coefficient with the incident angle and the Iribarren number for oblique irregular waves.展开更多
强震中下软上硬坡体同震崩塌发育,为了揭示这类坡体地震动的响应特征,在珙县五同村安置了强震监测仪,对斜坡表面和不同岩性的地震动响应进行监测,并记录到不同方位、不同震中距的2次地震。研究表明:①地震动响应规律有极强的方向性和距...强震中下软上硬坡体同震崩塌发育,为了揭示这类坡体地震动的响应特征,在珙县五同村安置了强震监测仪,对斜坡表面和不同岩性的地震动响应进行监测,并记录到不同方位、不同震中距的2次地震。研究表明:①地震动响应规律有极强的方向性和距离性。2次地震相距监测站台的方向和距离不同,使M s 4.0级地震的峰值加速度和阿里亚斯强度反而比M s 3.2级地震小。②0~30 Hz的地震波在低地山岭的高陡临空面附近有放大效应。1^(#)监测点的主频小于3^(#)与5^(#)监测点,3^(#)监测点的主频最高。5^(#)点的幅值范围为0.018~0.055 m/s^(-2),3^(#)点幅值范围为0.036~0.087 m/s^(-2),3^(#)点相较于5^(#)点,其三向最高幅值同比放大了1.58~2.0倍。③泥质砂岩的主频为4.8~8.4 Hz,灰岩的主频为5.5~21.4 Hz,不同的岩层共振频率不同,灰岩对地震波的选频放大效应强于泥质砂岩。④地震波在不同高程的山岭斜坡部位具有选择放大作用,在一定范围内高程越大地形放大效应越明显。展开更多
This paper proposes the retrieval method of ocean wave spectrum for airborne radar observations at small incidence angles, which is slightly modified from the method developed by Hauser. Firstly, it makes use of integ...This paper proposes the retrieval method of ocean wave spectrum for airborne radar observations at small incidence angles, which is slightly modified from the method developed by Hauser. Firstly, it makes use of integration method to estimate total mean square slope instead of fitting method, which aims to reduce the affects of fluctuations superposed on normalized radar cross-section by integration. Secondly, for eliminating the noise spectrum contained in signal spectrum, the method considers the signal spectrum in certain look direction without any long wave components as the assumed noise spectrum, which would be subtracted from signal spectrum in any look direction for linear wave spectrum retrieval. Estimated v from the integration method are lower than the one from fitting method and have a standard deviation of 0.004 between them approximately. The assumed noise spectrum energy almost has no big variations along with the wave number and is slightly lower to the high wave number part of signal spectrum in any look direction, which follows that the assumption makes sense. The retrieved directional spectra are compared with the buoy records in terms of peak wavelength, peak direction and the significant wave height. Comparisons show that the retrieved peak wavelength and significant wave height are slightly higher than the buoy records but don＇t differs significantly （error less than 10%）. For peak direction, the swell waves in first case basically propagate in the wind direction 6 hours ago and the wind-generated waves in second case also propagate in the wind direction, but the 180° ambiguity remains. Results show that the modified method can carry out the retrieval of directional wave spectrum.展开更多
文摘The wave reflection coefficient frequency spectrum and directional spectrum for concrete face slope breakwaters and rubble mound breakwaters are investigated through physical model tests in the present study. The reflection coefficients of oblique irregular waves are analyzed by the Modified Two-Point Method (MTPM) proposed by the authors. The results show that the wave reflection coefficient decreases with increasing wave frequency and incident angle or decreasing structure slope. The reflection coefficient frequency spectrum and its variation with Iribarren number are given in this paper. The paper also suggests an empirical 3-dimensional reflection coefficient spectrum, i.e. reflection coefficient directional spectrum, which can be used to illustrate quantitatively the variation of reflection coefficient with the incident angle and the Iribarren number for oblique irregular waves.
文摘强震中下软上硬坡体同震崩塌发育,为了揭示这类坡体地震动的响应特征,在珙县五同村安置了强震监测仪,对斜坡表面和不同岩性的地震动响应进行监测,并记录到不同方位、不同震中距的2次地震。研究表明:①地震动响应规律有极强的方向性和距离性。2次地震相距监测站台的方向和距离不同,使M s 4.0级地震的峰值加速度和阿里亚斯强度反而比M s 3.2级地震小。②0~30 Hz的地震波在低地山岭的高陡临空面附近有放大效应。1^(#)监测点的主频小于3^(#)与5^(#)监测点,3^(#)监测点的主频最高。5^(#)点的幅值范围为0.018~0.055 m/s^(-2),3^(#)点幅值范围为0.036~0.087 m/s^(-2),3^(#)点相较于5^(#)点,其三向最高幅值同比放大了1.58~2.0倍。③泥质砂岩的主频为4.8~8.4 Hz,灰岩的主频为5.5~21.4 Hz,不同的岩层共振频率不同,灰岩对地震波的选频放大效应强于泥质砂岩。④地震波在不同高程的山岭斜坡部位具有选择放大作用,在一定范围内高程越大地形放大效应越明显。
基金The Key Technologies Research on HY-1B Satellite Data Applications:JT0805the Composite Investigation and Evaluation on China Offshore Ocean:908-03-02-08
文摘This paper proposes the retrieval method of ocean wave spectrum for airborne radar observations at small incidence angles, which is slightly modified from the method developed by Hauser. Firstly, it makes use of integration method to estimate total mean square slope instead of fitting method, which aims to reduce the affects of fluctuations superposed on normalized radar cross-section by integration. Secondly, for eliminating the noise spectrum contained in signal spectrum, the method considers the signal spectrum in certain look direction without any long wave components as the assumed noise spectrum, which would be subtracted from signal spectrum in any look direction for linear wave spectrum retrieval. Estimated v from the integration method are lower than the one from fitting method and have a standard deviation of 0.004 between them approximately. The assumed noise spectrum energy almost has no big variations along with the wave number and is slightly lower to the high wave number part of signal spectrum in any look direction, which follows that the assumption makes sense. The retrieved directional spectra are compared with the buoy records in terms of peak wavelength, peak direction and the significant wave height. Comparisons show that the retrieved peak wavelength and significant wave height are slightly higher than the buoy records but don＇t differs significantly （error less than 10%）. For peak direction, the swell waves in first case basically propagate in the wind direction 6 hours ago and the wind-generated waves in second case also propagate in the wind direction, but the 180° ambiguity remains. Results show that the modified method can carry out the retrieval of directional wave spectrum.
