An environmentally benign and practical preparation method for the Vilsmeier-Haack reagent (VH) has been developed by using phthaloyl dichloride with DMF in toluene or 2-chlorotoluene. Phthalic anhydride as the byprod...An environmentally benign and practical preparation method for the Vilsmeier-Haack reagent (VH) has been developed by using phthaloyl dichloride with DMF in toluene or 2-chlorotoluene. Phthalic anhydride as the byproduct was recovered in high yield by simple filtration. Some aromatic acids have been transformed into the corresponding acid chlorides in good yields by employing the isolated VH. Treatment of primary or secondary alcohols with VH gave alkyl formates or alkyl chlorides by depending on the reaction conditions.展开更多
AIM: To search for a new chronic pancreatitis model in mice suitable for investigating the pathophysiological processes leading to pancreatic fibrosis.METHODS: The mice were randomly divided into 2 groups(n = 50), con...AIM: To search for a new chronic pancreatitis model in mice suitable for investigating the pathophysiological processes leading to pancreatic fibrosis.METHODS: The mice were randomly divided into 2 groups(n = 50), control group and model group. The mice in model group were given ethanol(10%) in drinking water after injection of dibutyltin dichloride(DBTC)(8 mg/kg BW) in tail vein. The mice in control group were injected with only solvent into tail vein( 60 % ethanol, 20% glycerine and 20% normal saline) and drank common water. At days 1, 7, 14, 28, and 56 after application of DBTC or solvent, 10 mice in one group were killed at each time point respectively. Blood was obtained by inferior vena cava puncture. The activity of amylase, concentration of bilirubin and hyaluronic acid in serum were assayed. The pancreas was taken to observe the pancreatic morphology by HE staining, and to characterize the pancreatic fibrosis by Masson staining. The expression of F4/80, CD3 and fibronectin(FN) were assayed by immuno-histochemistry or Immunofluorescence technique. Collagen typeⅠ(COL1A1) in pancreas were detected by Western blot. The expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1(MMP-1) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1(TIMP-1) m RNA in the pancreas was assessed by real time PCR.RESULTS: DBTC induced an acute edematous pancreatitis within 1 d. The dilated acini, scattered acinar cell necrosis, and inflammatory cells were found at day 7. Extensive infiltration with inflammatory cells following deposition of connective tissue was observed at day 14. At day 28, level of pancreatic fibrosis was aggravated. The pancreatic tissue was replaced by an extended interstitial fibrosis at the end of 2 mo. There was significant difference in the level of amylase, bilirubin and hyaluronic acid in serum between control group and model group(P < 0.05). The level of COL1A1 and FN in pancreas increased. The expression of MMP-1 m RNA in pancreas decreased, but TIMP-1 m RNA increased at model group.CONCLUSION: DBTC joint Ethanol drinkin展开更多
Since the discovery of anticancer efficacy of titanocene dichloride （Cp<sub>2</sub>TiCl<sub>2</sub>, TDC） by Koepf in 1979, the study of antitumor properties of metallocene complexes is one o...Since the discovery of anticancer efficacy of titanocene dichloride （Cp<sub>2</sub>TiCl<sub>2</sub>, TDC） by Koepf in 1979, the study of antitumor properties of metallocene complexes is one of the most active subjects after that of cisplatin in this field. Being highly active against展开更多
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to discuss the most important facts about prostate cancer, its treatments and efficacy, the type of prostate cancer that does not improve with hormonal therapy (Castration-Resista...Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to discuss the most important facts about prostate cancer, its treatments and efficacy, the type of prostate cancer that does not improve with hormonal therapy (Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer-CRPC), and the recently approved Radium-223 dichloride targeted therapy for CRPC that has metastasized to bones. Prostate cancer is the third most common malignancy diagnosed worldwide and the most common malignant disease in men. Also, the incidence of prostate cancer varies between regions. So it’s important to have a proper understanding of all above points to prevent the further development and spread of cancer and improve the cure rate. Design: The paper begins by discussing what prostate cancer is, the risk factors, clinical manifestations, and the treatments for prostate cancer. It covers the clinical manifestations, pathology, screening (cancer biomarker Prostate Specific Antigen, Digital Rectal Examination—DRE, prostate biopsy, and imaging) and treatments for prostate cancer. The paper then delves into the main treatment methods for prostate cancer, including how Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (CRPC) differs from normal prostate cancer after hormone suppression therapy. Additionally, it discusses the effectiveness of the recently introduced Radium-223 dichloride injection as a radiation-targeted therapy for treating CRPC that has metastasized to bones. This section covers the properties of radium-223 dichloride injection, its pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, absorption and volume of distribution, half-life, metabolism, route of elimination, clearance, toxicity, adverse effects, and mechanism of action at the tumor site. It also discusses preclinical studies related to radium-223 dichloride injection and its effectiveness in treating CRPC patients with bone metastasis. Conclusion: Prostate cancer is a common cancer that can be treated with surgery or hormonal therapy. However, if the cancer progresses despite hormonal therapy, Radium-223 dichloride injection ca展开更多
AIM:To analyze gene expression profiles in an experimental pancreatitis and provide functional reversal of hypersensitivity with candidate gene endothelin-1 antagonists.METHODS:Dibutyltin dichloride(DBTC) is a chemica...AIM:To analyze gene expression profiles in an experimental pancreatitis and provide functional reversal of hypersensitivity with candidate gene endothelin-1 antagonists.METHODS:Dibutyltin dichloride(DBTC) is a chemical used as a polyvinyl carbonate stabilizer/catalyzer,biocide in agriculture,antifouling agent in paint and fabric.DBTC induces an acute pancreatitis flare through generation of reactive oxygen species.Lewis-inbred rats received a single i.v.injection with either DBTC or vehicle.Spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia(DRG) were taken at the peak of inflammation and processed for transcriptional profiling with a cDNA microarray biased for rat brain-specific genes.In a second study,groups of animals with DBTC-induced pancreatitis were treated with endothelin(ET) receptor antagonists [ET-A(BQ123) and ET-B BQ788)].Spontaneous pain related mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity were measured.Immunohistochemical analysis was performed using anti-ET-A and ET-B antibodies on sections from pancreatic tissues and DRG of the T10-12 spinal segments.RESULTS:Animals developed acute pancreatic inflammation persisting 7-10 d as confirmed by pathological studies(edema in parenchyma,loss of pancreatic architecture and islets,infiltration of inflammatory cells,neutrophil and mononuclear cells,degeneration,vacuolization and necrosis of acinar cells) and the painrelated behaviors(cutaneous secondary mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity).Gene expression profile was different in the spinal cord from animals with pancreatitis compared to the vehicle control group.Over 260 up-regulated and 60 down-regulated unique genes could be classified into 8 functional gene families:circulatory/acute phase/immunomodulatory;extracellular matrix;structural;channel/receptor/transporter;signaling transduction;transcription/translation-related;antioxidants/chaperones/heat shock;pancreatic and other enzymes.ET-1 was among the 52 candidate genes upregulated greater than 2-fold in animals with pancreatic inflammation and visceral pain-related be展开更多
Disulfur dichloride is a hazardous substance, which is irritating to the eyes. It is significant to study the physical and dissociation properties under external electric fields. The bond length, energy, dipole moment...Disulfur dichloride is a hazardous substance, which is irritating to the eyes. It is significant to study the physical and dissociation properties under external electric fields. The bond length, energy, dipole moment, orbital energy level distribution, infrared spectra and dissociation properties of disulfur dichloride molecule under different external fields are obtained by using the density functional theory at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d, p) basis set level. In addition, ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra of the molecule in different electric fields are studied with configuration interaction-single excitation(CIS)/6-311++G(d, p) method. According to the results, it has been found that as the electric field exerted along the positive direction of the z-axis increases, the two sulfur-chlorine(S-Cl) bond lengths become longer and tend to break, while the sulfur-sulfur(S-S) bond length becomes shorter and the energy gap decreases. The infrared spectrum and ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra both exhibit red shift under electric field. Moreover, by scanning the potential energy surface of disulfur dichloride about S-Cl bond, the dissociation barrier decreases with the increase of positive electric field. When the external electric field arrives at 0.040 atomic units, the barrier disappears, meaning the dissociation of disulfur dichloride. The present results offer an important reference to further study of disulfur dichloride.展开更多
1,4-Bis（triphenylphosphonium）-2-butene dichloride（BTPBDC） and 1,4-bis（triphenyl phosphonium）-2-butene dithiocyanate （BTPBDT） were prepared and used as phase-transfer catalysts.Alkyl halides were converted effi...1,4-Bis（triphenylphosphonium）-2-butene dichloride（BTPBDC） and 1,4-bis（triphenyl phosphonium）-2-butene dithiocyanate （BTPBDT） were prepared and used as phase-transfer catalysts.Alkyl halides were converted efficiently to the corresponding alkyl thiocyanates under mild reaction conditions in water.No evidence for the formation of isothiocyanates as by-product of the reaction was observed.展开更多
8-Aminoquinoline nickel dichloride and bis(cyclopentadienyl)zirconium dichloride (Cp_2ZrCl_2) were supportedsimultaneously on silica to produce branched polyethylene successfully by combined polymerization. The suppor...8-Aminoquinoline nickel dichloride and bis(cyclopentadienyl)zirconium dichloride (Cp_2ZrCl_2) were supportedsimultaneously on silica to produce branched polyethylene successfully by combined polymerization. The supportedpolymerization results showed that the molecular weight of polyethylene increased while the molecular weight distributionbecame wider and the molecular chains of oligomers remaning in the final solution became shorter as compared to theoligomers obtained in polymerization processes with pure 8-aminoquinoline nickel dichloride catalysis, as well as theCp_2ZrCl_2 and nickel combination system. With decreasing amount of Ni catalyst in the supported catalyst, the molecular chains of oligomers in the resulting solution became shorter, while α-olefin selectivity increased.展开更多
Magnetic materials could realize the intriguing quantum anomalous Hall effect and metal-to-insulator transition when combined with band topology or electronic correlation,which have broad prospects in quantum informat...Magnetic materials could realize the intriguing quantum anomalous Hall effect and metal-to-insulator transition when combined with band topology or electronic correlation,which have broad prospects in quantum information,spintronics,and valleytronics.Here,we propose the approach of designing novel two-dimensional(2D)magnetic states via d-orbital-based superatomic lattices.Specifically,we chose triangular zirconium dichloride disks as superatoms to construct the honeycomb superatomic lattices.Using first-principles calculations,we identified a series of 2D magnetic states with varying sizes of superatoms.We found the non-uniform stoichiometries and geometric effect of superatomic lattice give rise to spin-polarized charges arranged in different magnetic configurations,containing ferromagnetic coloring triangles,antiferromagnetic honeycomb,and ferromagnetic kagome lattices.Attractively,these magnetic states are endowed with nontrivial band topology or strong correlation,forming an ideal Chern insulator or antiferromagnetic Dirac Mott insulator.Our work not only reveals the potential of d-orbital-based superatoms for generating unusual magnetic configurations,but also supplies a new avenue for material engineering at the nanoscale.展开更多
Crosslinking treatments for a commercially available aromatic polyamide reverse osmosis membrane were carried out to improve its chlorine resistance.The crosslinking agents including 1,6-hexanediol diglycidyl ether,ad...Crosslinking treatments for a commercially available aromatic polyamide reverse osmosis membrane were carried out to improve its chlorine resistance.The crosslinking agents including 1,6-hexanediol diglycidyl ether,adipoyl dichloride and hexamethylene diisocyanate ester with long flexible aliphatic chains and high reactivity with N-H groups were used in the experiments.Attenuated total reflective Fourier transform infrared spectra verified the successful preparation of highly crosslinked membranes by crosslinking treatments.It was suggested that the crosslinking agents were connected to membrane surface through the reactions with amine and amide Ⅱ groups,which is confirmed by surface charge measurements.Based on contact angle measurements,crosslinking treatments decreased membrane hydrophilicity by introducing methylene groups to membrane surface.With increasing amount of crosslinking agent molecules connected to membrane surface,the hydrolysis of unconnected functional groups of crosslinking agent produced polar groups and increased membrane hydrophilicity.The highly crosslinked membranes showed higher salt rejections and lower water fluxes as compared with the raw membrane.Since the active sites(N-H groups) vulnerable to free chlorine on membrane surface were eliminated by crosslinking treatments,the chlorine resistances of the highly crosslinked membranes were significantly improved by slighter changes in both water fluxes and salt rejections after chlorination.展开更多
Dialkyl-substituted terminal olefins were synthesized from the coupling reaction of a-olefins which were catalyzed by zirconocene dichloride/methylalumoxane （MAO） catalyst system under mild condition. High yield was...Dialkyl-substituted terminal olefins were synthesized from the coupling reaction of a-olefins which were catalyzed by zirconocene dichloride/methylalumoxane （MAO） catalyst system under mild condition. High yield was gained and no other oligmer was detected. It was found that the ratio of AI/Zr is responsible for the selectivity of product.展开更多
Thin silicon phthalocyanine dichloride films on HOPG were prepared and the sample was heated in the vacuum with laser. The thickness of the thin sample on HOPG was checked by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. The orie...Thin silicon phthalocyanine dichloride films on HOPG were prepared and the sample was heated in the vacuum with laser. The thickness of the thin sample on HOPG was checked by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. The orientation of the molecules in respect to the substrate plane was investigated by measuring the silicon K-edge near edge X-ray absorption fine structure （NEXAFS）. In the NEXAFS spectra of the thin sample, two clear peaks which were assigned to Is → σ^＊Si-N and 1s→ σ^＊Si-Cl appeared around 1847.2 eV and 1843.1 eV respectively. The intensities of the resonance peaks showed strong polarization dependence. A quantitative analysis of the polarization dependence revealed that the Si-N bond tended to lie down while the Si-Cl bond was out of the molecular plane.展开更多
An efficient and selective method for the deprotection of primary alcoholic tert-butyl-dimethylsilyl (TBS) ethers using SnCl_2·2H_2O as catalyst is described. The reaction conditionsallow primary alcoholic TBS et...An efficient and selective method for the deprotection of primary alcoholic tert-butyl-dimethylsilyl (TBS) ethers using SnCl_2·2H_2O as catalyst is described. The reaction conditionsallow primary alcoholic TBS ethers to be desilylated chemoselectively in the presence of phenolicTBS ethers, secondary and tertiary alcolholic TBS ethers, and the extensively used TBDPS-,acetyl-, benzyloxycarbonyl-, p-toluenesulfonyl- and benzyl protective groups.展开更多
Super pure 2,5-dichloroterephthaloyl dichloride (DDC) was prepared by chlorination andcontrolled by Gas Chromatography(GC) method. As a third monomer, DDC waspolycondensated into chlorinated PPTA together with terepht...Super pure 2,5-dichloroterephthaloyl dichloride (DDC) was prepared by chlorination andcontrolled by Gas Chromatography(GC) method. As a third monomer, DDC waspolycondensated into chlorinated PPTA together with terephthaloyldichloide (TPDC) andparaphenylene diamine (PPDA). The polycondensation conditions and the relationship betweenthe thermal behavior, viscosity, solubility, phase transition temperature of the modifiedpolyamide and the third monomer content discussed in this paper.展开更多
In this article one of the advanced oxidation processes (AOP) combined methods, photocatalyst /H2O2, is utilized in order to study photodegradation of ethylene dichloride (EDC) in water. Nano Titanium (IV) Oxide, supp...In this article one of the advanced oxidation processes (AOP) combined methods, photocatalyst /H2O2, is utilized in order to study photodegradation of ethylene dichloride (EDC) in water. Nano Titanium (IV) Oxide, supported on Clinoptilolite (CP) (Iranian natural zeolite) using solid-state dispersion (SSD) method for improvement of its photocatalytic properties. The results show that the TiO2/Clinoptilolite (SSD) is an active photocatalyst. The effects of five important photocatalytic reaction parameters including the initial concentration of ethylene dichloride, the ratio of TiO2/Clinoptilolite, the catalyst concentration, H2O2 concentration and pH in photodegradation of ethylene dichloride were examined. In this experiments, the design and also the optimum parameters were obtained by Taguchi Method, using Design Expert8®software. Taguchi's L27 (5^3) orthogonal array design was employed for the experimental plan. Four parameters were found to be significant whereas, pH was found to be an insignificant parameter after conducting experiments. A first order reaction with K = 0.007 min-1 was observed for the photocatalytic degradation reaction.展开更多
Some organogermanium oligomers with different side groups were synthesized via ligand substitution polymerization from I, l-dioxane complex of germanium dichloride with different organolithium compounds. The oligomers...Some organogermanium oligomers with different side groups were synthesized via ligand substitution polymerization from I, l-dioxane complex of germanium dichloride with different organolithium compounds. The oligomers were isolated through either precipitation from methanol or extraction using toluene with a yield of no less than 50%. The weight average molecular weight (M-w) of the oligomers is ranging from 1.4 x 10(3) to 5.9 x 10(3) depending on the type and alkyl length of the organolithium compounds used.展开更多
Copper was found to be able to promote the SnCl2-mediated carbonyl allylation reactions in water, giving the corresponding homoallylic alcohol products in very high yields. Detailed studies showed that the reaction co...Copper was found to be able to promote the SnCl2-mediated carbonyl allylation reactions in water, giving the corresponding homoallylic alcohol products in very high yields. Detailed studies showed that the reaction could be applied to a variety of carbonyl compounds including those with hydroxyl, amino and nitro groups. It was also found that this reaction showed good regioselectivities for some substrates. Furthermore, carefully controled ex-periments and in situ NMR measurements provided important insights into the mechanism of the newly developed reaction.展开更多
The present paper covers three silabridged hafnocene dichlorides(1, 2 and 3) prepared by sequential reactions of α, ω-dichloropermethyl polysilane with cyclopentadienyl sodium, n-butyl lithium and hafnium tetrachlor...The present paper covers three silabridged hafnocene dichlorides(1, 2 and 3) prepared by sequential reactions of α, ω-dichloropermethyl polysilane with cyclopentadienyl sodium, n-butyl lithium and hafnium tetrachloride. Their structures were characterized by elemental analyses, UV, 1H(13C) NMR and MS. Furthermore the crystal and molecular structures of 1 and 2 were determined by X-ray diffraction method. The crystal of 1 is monoclinic, space group C2/c with a=1. 3401(4), b=0. 9977(3), c = 1. 0922(4) nm; β=94. 07(1)° V=3. 6342 nm3, Z = 2, Dc = 2.155 g·cm-3. The final deviation factor R = 0. 064. The crystal of 2 is monoclinic, space group P21/c with a=0.0847(1), b=1.5181(1), c=2.9824(2) nm; β= 94. 07(1)°? V=3.634 nm3; Dc= l. 805 g·cm-3. The final deviation factor R = 0. 033. The relationship between the silabridged structure and spectral properties is also discussed.展开更多
The title compound （E）-ethyl 2-fluoro-2-（3-oxoisobenzofuran-1（3H）-ylidene） aceta- te was synthesized as an unexpected product by the reaction ofphthalyl dichloride with bis-silylenol ether, which is not in accor...The title compound （E）-ethyl 2-fluoro-2-（3-oxoisobenzofuran-1（3H）-ylidene） aceta- te was synthesized as an unexpected product by the reaction ofphthalyl dichloride with bis-silylenol ether, which is not in accordance with our previous studies. The title compound was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 19F NMR, GCMS, HRMS and IR. The crystal （C12HgFO4, Mr = 236.19） belongs to the monoclinic system, space group P21/c, a = 19.1609（8）, b = 7.9831（3）, c = 13.7715（6） A, V= 2106.13（15） A3, Z= 8, Dx = 1.490 Mg m-3, MoKa radiation, 2 = 0.71073 A,μ = 0.12 mm-1, F（000） = 976, the final R = 0.025 and wR = 0.1300 for 4505 observed reflections with I〉 2σ（I）.展开更多
Reduction of diaryldiselenides by the system of Cp2TiCl2/Bu'MgBr/THF gave the nucleophilic arylselenium complex. They reacted with diaryl iodonium salts to afford unsymmetrical diaryl selenides in high yields.
文摘An environmentally benign and practical preparation method for the Vilsmeier-Haack reagent (VH) has been developed by using phthaloyl dichloride with DMF in toluene or 2-chlorotoluene. Phthalic anhydride as the byproduct was recovered in high yield by simple filtration. Some aromatic acids have been transformed into the corresponding acid chlorides in good yields by employing the isolated VH. Treatment of primary or secondary alcohols with VH gave alkyl formates or alkyl chlorides by depending on the reaction conditions.
基金Supported by Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNo.80112725+1 种基金Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shaanxi Province of ChinaNo.jc10
文摘AIM: To search for a new chronic pancreatitis model in mice suitable for investigating the pathophysiological processes leading to pancreatic fibrosis.METHODS: The mice were randomly divided into 2 groups(n = 50), control group and model group. The mice in model group were given ethanol(10%) in drinking water after injection of dibutyltin dichloride(DBTC)(8 mg/kg BW) in tail vein. The mice in control group were injected with only solvent into tail vein( 60 % ethanol, 20% glycerine and 20% normal saline) and drank common water. At days 1, 7, 14, 28, and 56 after application of DBTC or solvent, 10 mice in one group were killed at each time point respectively. Blood was obtained by inferior vena cava puncture. The activity of amylase, concentration of bilirubin and hyaluronic acid in serum were assayed. The pancreas was taken to observe the pancreatic morphology by HE staining, and to characterize the pancreatic fibrosis by Masson staining. The expression of F4/80, CD3 and fibronectin(FN) were assayed by immuno-histochemistry or Immunofluorescence technique. Collagen typeⅠ(COL1A1) in pancreas were detected by Western blot. The expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1(MMP-1) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1(TIMP-1) m RNA in the pancreas was assessed by real time PCR.RESULTS: DBTC induced an acute edematous pancreatitis within 1 d. The dilated acini, scattered acinar cell necrosis, and inflammatory cells were found at day 7. Extensive infiltration with inflammatory cells following deposition of connective tissue was observed at day 14. At day 28, level of pancreatic fibrosis was aggravated. The pancreatic tissue was replaced by an extended interstitial fibrosis at the end of 2 mo. There was significant difference in the level of amylase, bilirubin and hyaluronic acid in serum between control group and model group(P < 0.05). The level of COL1A1 and FN in pancreas increased. The expression of MMP-1 m RNA in pancreas decreased, but TIMP-1 m RNA increased at model group.CONCLUSION: DBTC joint Ethanol drinkin
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of Chinaby the Youth Science Foundation of Shanxi Province.
文摘Since the discovery of anticancer efficacy of titanocene dichloride （Cp<sub>2</sub>TiCl<sub>2</sub>, TDC） by Koepf in 1979, the study of antitumor properties of metallocene complexes is one of the most active subjects after that of cisplatin in this field. Being highly active against
文摘Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to discuss the most important facts about prostate cancer, its treatments and efficacy, the type of prostate cancer that does not improve with hormonal therapy (Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer-CRPC), and the recently approved Radium-223 dichloride targeted therapy for CRPC that has metastasized to bones. Prostate cancer is the third most common malignancy diagnosed worldwide and the most common malignant disease in men. Also, the incidence of prostate cancer varies between regions. So it’s important to have a proper understanding of all above points to prevent the further development and spread of cancer and improve the cure rate. Design: The paper begins by discussing what prostate cancer is, the risk factors, clinical manifestations, and the treatments for prostate cancer. It covers the clinical manifestations, pathology, screening (cancer biomarker Prostate Specific Antigen, Digital Rectal Examination—DRE, prostate biopsy, and imaging) and treatments for prostate cancer. The paper then delves into the main treatment methods for prostate cancer, including how Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (CRPC) differs from normal prostate cancer after hormone suppression therapy. Additionally, it discusses the effectiveness of the recently introduced Radium-223 dichloride injection as a radiation-targeted therapy for treating CRPC that has metastasized to bones. This section covers the properties of radium-223 dichloride injection, its pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, absorption and volume of distribution, half-life, metabolism, route of elimination, clearance, toxicity, adverse effects, and mechanism of action at the tumor site. It also discusses preclinical studies related to radium-223 dichloride injection and its effectiveness in treating CRPC patients with bone metastasis. Conclusion: Prostate cancer is a common cancer that can be treated with surgery or hormonal therapy. However, if the cancer progresses despite hormonal therapy, Radium-223 dichloride injection ca
基金Supported by National Institutes of Health Grants,No. NS039041,to Westlund KN and DE19177,to Oz HS
文摘AIM:To analyze gene expression profiles in an experimental pancreatitis and provide functional reversal of hypersensitivity with candidate gene endothelin-1 antagonists.METHODS:Dibutyltin dichloride(DBTC) is a chemical used as a polyvinyl carbonate stabilizer/catalyzer,biocide in agriculture,antifouling agent in paint and fabric.DBTC induces an acute pancreatitis flare through generation of reactive oxygen species.Lewis-inbred rats received a single i.v.injection with either DBTC or vehicle.Spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia(DRG) were taken at the peak of inflammation and processed for transcriptional profiling with a cDNA microarray biased for rat brain-specific genes.In a second study,groups of animals with DBTC-induced pancreatitis were treated with endothelin(ET) receptor antagonists [ET-A(BQ123) and ET-B BQ788)].Spontaneous pain related mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity were measured.Immunohistochemical analysis was performed using anti-ET-A and ET-B antibodies on sections from pancreatic tissues and DRG of the T10-12 spinal segments.RESULTS:Animals developed acute pancreatic inflammation persisting 7-10 d as confirmed by pathological studies(edema in parenchyma,loss of pancreatic architecture and islets,infiltration of inflammatory cells,neutrophil and mononuclear cells,degeneration,vacuolization and necrosis of acinar cells) and the painrelated behaviors(cutaneous secondary mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity).Gene expression profile was different in the spinal cord from animals with pancreatitis compared to the vehicle control group.Over 260 up-regulated and 60 down-regulated unique genes could be classified into 8 functional gene families:circulatory/acute phase/immunomodulatory;extracellular matrix;structural;channel/receptor/transporter;signaling transduction;transcription/translation-related;antioxidants/chaperones/heat shock;pancreatic and other enzymes.ET-1 was among the 52 candidate genes upregulated greater than 2-fold in animals with pancreatic inflammation and visceral pain-related be
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of the Higher Education Institutions of Jiangsu Province(No.18KJA140002)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11564040,21763027)+1 种基金Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(No.KYCX18_1015)College Students’ Practice Innovation Training Program of Nuist(No.201810300033Z)
文摘Disulfur dichloride is a hazardous substance, which is irritating to the eyes. It is significant to study the physical and dissociation properties under external electric fields. The bond length, energy, dipole moment, orbital energy level distribution, infrared spectra and dissociation properties of disulfur dichloride molecule under different external fields are obtained by using the density functional theory at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d, p) basis set level. In addition, ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra of the molecule in different electric fields are studied with configuration interaction-single excitation(CIS)/6-311++G(d, p) method. According to the results, it has been found that as the electric field exerted along the positive direction of the z-axis increases, the two sulfur-chlorine(S-Cl) bond lengths become longer and tend to break, while the sulfur-sulfur(S-S) bond length becomes shorter and the energy gap decreases. The infrared spectrum and ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra both exhibit red shift under electric field. Moreover, by scanning the potential energy surface of disulfur dichloride about S-Cl bond, the dissociation barrier decreases with the increase of positive electric field. When the external electric field arrives at 0.040 atomic units, the barrier disappears, meaning the dissociation of disulfur dichloride. The present results offer an important reference to further study of disulfur dichloride.
文摘1,4-Bis（triphenylphosphonium）-2-butene dichloride（BTPBDC） and 1,4-bis（triphenyl phosphonium）-2-butene dithiocyanate （BTPBDT） were prepared and used as phase-transfer catalysts.Alkyl halides were converted efficiently to the corresponding alkyl thiocyanates under mild reaction conditions in water.No evidence for the formation of isothiocyanates as by-product of the reaction was observed.
基金This work was also supported by the Core Research for Engineering Innovation KGCX2-203 of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20272062) and the "One Hundred Talents" Fund foWen-Hua Sun.
文摘8-Aminoquinoline nickel dichloride and bis(cyclopentadienyl)zirconium dichloride (Cp_2ZrCl_2) were supportedsimultaneously on silica to produce branched polyethylene successfully by combined polymerization. The supportedpolymerization results showed that the molecular weight of polyethylene increased while the molecular weight distributionbecame wider and the molecular chains of oligomers remaning in the final solution became shorter as compared to theoligomers obtained in polymerization processes with pure 8-aminoquinoline nickel dichloride catalysis, as well as theCp_2ZrCl_2 and nickel combination system. With decreasing amount of Ni catalyst in the supported catalyst, the molecular chains of oligomers in the resulting solution became shorter, while α-olefin selectivity increased.
基金supported in part by the Key R&D of the Ministry of Science and Technology(No.2022YFA1204103).
文摘Magnetic materials could realize the intriguing quantum anomalous Hall effect and metal-to-insulator transition when combined with band topology or electronic correlation,which have broad prospects in quantum information,spintronics,and valleytronics.Here,we propose the approach of designing novel two-dimensional(2D)magnetic states via d-orbital-based superatomic lattices.Specifically,we chose triangular zirconium dichloride disks as superatoms to construct the honeycomb superatomic lattices.Using first-principles calculations,we identified a series of 2D magnetic states with varying sizes of superatoms.We found the non-uniform stoichiometries and geometric effect of superatomic lattice give rise to spin-polarized charges arranged in different magnetic configurations,containing ferromagnetic coloring triangles,antiferromagnetic honeycomb,and ferromagnetic kagome lattices.Attractively,these magnetic states are endowed with nontrivial band topology or strong correlation,forming an ideal Chern insulator or antiferromagnetic Dirac Mott insulator.Our work not only reveals the potential of d-orbital-based superatoms for generating unusual magnetic configurations,but also supplies a new avenue for material engineering at the nanoscale.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （20676095）the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities （B06006）
文摘Crosslinking treatments for a commercially available aromatic polyamide reverse osmosis membrane were carried out to improve its chlorine resistance.The crosslinking agents including 1,6-hexanediol diglycidyl ether,adipoyl dichloride and hexamethylene diisocyanate ester with long flexible aliphatic chains and high reactivity with N-H groups were used in the experiments.Attenuated total reflective Fourier transform infrared spectra verified the successful preparation of highly crosslinked membranes by crosslinking treatments.It was suggested that the crosslinking agents were connected to membrane surface through the reactions with amine and amide Ⅱ groups,which is confirmed by surface charge measurements.Based on contact angle measurements,crosslinking treatments decreased membrane hydrophilicity by introducing methylene groups to membrane surface.With increasing amount of crosslinking agent molecules connected to membrane surface,the hydrolysis of unconnected functional groups of crosslinking agent produced polar groups and increased membrane hydrophilicity.The highly crosslinked membranes showed higher salt rejections and lower water fluxes as compared with the raw membrane.Since the active sites(N-H groups) vulnerable to free chlorine on membrane surface were eliminated by crosslinking treatments,the chlorine resistances of the highly crosslinked membranes were significantly improved by slighter changes in both water fluxes and salt rejections after chlorination.
文摘Dialkyl-substituted terminal olefins were synthesized from the coupling reaction of a-olefins which were catalyzed by zirconocene dichloride/methylalumoxane （MAO） catalyst system under mild condition. High yield was gained and no other oligmer was detected. It was found that the ratio of AI/Zr is responsible for the selectivity of product.
基金Nuclear Researchers Exchange Program 2005Photon Factory Program Advisory Committee (2004G340)
文摘Thin silicon phthalocyanine dichloride films on HOPG were prepared and the sample was heated in the vacuum with laser. The thickness of the thin sample on HOPG was checked by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. The orientation of the molecules in respect to the substrate plane was investigated by measuring the silicon K-edge near edge X-ray absorption fine structure （NEXAFS）. In the NEXAFS spectra of the thin sample, two clear peaks which were assigned to Is → σ^＊Si-N and 1s→ σ^＊Si-Cl appeared around 1847.2 eV and 1843.1 eV respectively. The intensities of the resonance peaks showed strong polarization dependence. A quantitative analysis of the polarization dependence revealed that the Si-N bond tended to lie down while the Si-Cl bond was out of the molecular plane.
文摘An efficient and selective method for the deprotection of primary alcoholic tert-butyl-dimethylsilyl (TBS) ethers using SnCl_2·2H_2O as catalyst is described. The reaction conditionsallow primary alcoholic TBS ethers to be desilylated chemoselectively in the presence of phenolicTBS ethers, secondary and tertiary alcolholic TBS ethers, and the extensively used TBDPS-,acetyl-, benzyloxycarbonyl-, p-toluenesulfonyl- and benzyl protective groups.
文摘Super pure 2,5-dichloroterephthaloyl dichloride (DDC) was prepared by chlorination andcontrolled by Gas Chromatography(GC) method. As a third monomer, DDC waspolycondensated into chlorinated PPTA together with terephthaloyldichloide (TPDC) andparaphenylene diamine (PPDA). The polycondensation conditions and the relationship betweenthe thermal behavior, viscosity, solubility, phase transition temperature of the modifiedpolyamide and the third monomer content discussed in this paper.
文摘In this article one of the advanced oxidation processes (AOP) combined methods, photocatalyst /H2O2, is utilized in order to study photodegradation of ethylene dichloride (EDC) in water. Nano Titanium (IV) Oxide, supported on Clinoptilolite (CP) (Iranian natural zeolite) using solid-state dispersion (SSD) method for improvement of its photocatalytic properties. The results show that the TiO2/Clinoptilolite (SSD) is an active photocatalyst. The effects of five important photocatalytic reaction parameters including the initial concentration of ethylene dichloride, the ratio of TiO2/Clinoptilolite, the catalyst concentration, H2O2 concentration and pH in photodegradation of ethylene dichloride were examined. In this experiments, the design and also the optimum parameters were obtained by Taguchi Method, using Design Expert8®software. Taguchi's L27 (5^3) orthogonal array design was employed for the experimental plan. Four parameters were found to be significant whereas, pH was found to be an insignificant parameter after conducting experiments. A first order reaction with K = 0.007 min-1 was observed for the photocatalytic degradation reaction.
基金This project of 29504030 was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Some organogermanium oligomers with different side groups were synthesized via ligand substitution polymerization from I, l-dioxane complex of germanium dichloride with different organolithium compounds. The oligomers were isolated through either precipitation from methanol or extraction using toluene with a yield of no less than 50%. The weight average molecular weight (M-w) of the oligomers is ranging from 1.4 x 10(3) to 5.9 x 10(3) depending on the type and alkyl length of the organolithium compounds used.
基金Project supported by Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KJCXZ-SW-04) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20332020).
文摘Copper was found to be able to promote the SnCl2-mediated carbonyl allylation reactions in water, giving the corresponding homoallylic alcohol products in very high yields. Detailed studies showed that the reaction could be applied to a variety of carbonyl compounds including those with hydroxyl, amino and nitro groups. It was also found that this reaction showed good regioselectivities for some substrates. Furthermore, carefully controled ex-periments and in situ NMR measurements provided important insights into the mechanism of the newly developed reaction.
文摘The present paper covers three silabridged hafnocene dichlorides(1, 2 and 3) prepared by sequential reactions of α, ω-dichloropermethyl polysilane with cyclopentadienyl sodium, n-butyl lithium and hafnium tetrachloride. Their structures were characterized by elemental analyses, UV, 1H(13C) NMR and MS. Furthermore the crystal and molecular structures of 1 and 2 were determined by X-ray diffraction method. The crystal of 1 is monoclinic, space group C2/c with a=1. 3401(4), b=0. 9977(3), c = 1. 0922(4) nm; β=94. 07(1)° V=3. 6342 nm3, Z = 2, Dc = 2.155 g·cm-3. The final deviation factor R = 0. 064. The crystal of 2 is monoclinic, space group P21/c with a=0.0847(1), b=1.5181(1), c=2.9824(2) nm; β= 94. 07(1)°? V=3.634 nm3; Dc= l. 805 g·cm-3. The final deviation factor R = 0. 033. The relationship between the silabridged structure and spectral properties is also discussed.
文摘The title compound （E）-ethyl 2-fluoro-2-（3-oxoisobenzofuran-1（3H）-ylidene） aceta- te was synthesized as an unexpected product by the reaction ofphthalyl dichloride with bis-silylenol ether, which is not in accordance with our previous studies. The title compound was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 19F NMR, GCMS, HRMS and IR. The crystal （C12HgFO4, Mr = 236.19） belongs to the monoclinic system, space group P21/c, a = 19.1609（8）, b = 7.9831（3）, c = 13.7715（6） A, V= 2106.13（15） A3, Z= 8, Dx = 1.490 Mg m-3, MoKa radiation, 2 = 0.71073 A,μ = 0.12 mm-1, F（000） = 976, the final R = 0.025 and wR = 0.1300 for 4505 observed reflections with I〉 2σ（I）.
文摘Reduction of diaryldiselenides by the system of Cp2TiCl2/Bu'MgBr/THF gave the nucleophilic arylselenium complex. They reacted with diaryl iodonium salts to afford unsymmetrical diaryl selenides in high yields.
