Colorectal cancer(CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer worldwide. CRC is still associated with a poor prognosis among patients with advanced disease. On the contrary, due to its slow progression from detectable ...Colorectal cancer(CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer worldwide. CRC is still associated with a poor prognosis among patients with advanced disease. On the contrary, due to its slow progression from detectable precancerous lesions, the prognosis for patients with early stages of CRC is encouraging. While most robust methods are invasive and costly, actual patient-friendly screening methods for CRC suffer of lack of sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, the development of sensitive, non-invasive and cost-effective methods for CRC detection and prognosis are necessary for increasing the chances of a cure. Beyond its beneficial functions for the host, increasing evidence suggests that the intestinal microbiota is a key factor associated with carcinogenesis. Many clinical studies have reported a disruption in the gut microbiota balance and an alteration in the faecal metabolome of CRC patients, suggesting the potential use of a microbialbased test as a non-invasive diagnostic and/or prognostic tool for CRC screening. This review aims to discuss the microbial signatures associated with CRC known to date, including dysbiosis and faecal metabolome alterations, andthe potential use of microbial variation markers for noninvasive early diagnosis and/or prognostic assessment of CRC and advanced adenomas. We will finally discuss the possible use of these markers as predicators for treatment response and their limitations.展开更多
MicroR NAs(miR NAs) are small non-coding RNAs generated by a two-step complex process and are post transcriptional negative regulators of their target m RNAs. Dysregulation of many of these miR NAs has been associated...MicroR NAs(miR NAs) are small non-coding RNAs generated by a two-step complex process and are post transcriptional negative regulators of their target m RNAs. Dysregulation of many of these miR NAs has been associated with tumorigenesis in various cancers including breast cancer. Aberrantly high expression of specific mi RNAs in breast cancer cells is demonstrated to be linked with inhibition of tumor suppressor genes and promote tumorigenesis. They are classified as oncogenic miR NAs. However, the tumor suppressor miR NAs are downregulated in breast cancer cells, since their major targets are oncogenic m RNAs. Understanding mechanism of action of specific miR NAs in breast cancer cells can be utilized to develop newer anti-cancer therapies. Recently, newer techniques are also developed to detect abundance of specific miR NA in the blood plasma samples and can be used in early diagnosis or prognosis in breast cancer. In this review article, we have discussed several mi RNAs dysregulated in breast cancer and their therapeutic potential.展开更多
Traumatic brain injury （TBI） is characterized by primary damage to the brain from the external mechanical force and by subsequent secondary injury due to various molecular and pathophysiological responses that event...Traumatic brain injury （TBI） is characterized by primary damage to the brain from the external mechanical force and by subsequent secondary injury due to various molecular and pathophysiological responses that eventually lead to neuronal cell death. Secondary brain injury events may occur minutes, hours, or even days after the trauma, and provide valuable therapeutic targets to prevent further neuronal degeneration. At the present time, there is no effective treatment for TBI due, in part, to the widespread impact of numerous complex secondary biochemical and pathophysiological events occurring at different time points following the initial injury. MicroRNAs control a range of physiological and pathological functions such as develop- ment, differentiation, apoptosis and metabolism, and may serve as potential targets for progress assessment and intervention against TBI to mitigate secondary damage to the brain. This has implications regarding improving the diagnostic accuracy of brain impairment and long-term outcomes as well as potential novel treatments. Recent human studies have identified specific microRNAs in serum/plasma （miR-425-p, -21, -93, -191 and -499） and cerebro-spinal fluid （CSF） （miR-328, -362-3p, -451, -486a） as possible indicators of the diagnosis, severity, and prognosis of TBI. Experimental animal studies have examined specific microRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for moderate and mild TBI （e.g., miR-21, miR-23b）. MicroRNA profil- ing was altered by voluntary exercise. Differences in basal microRNA expression in the brain of adult and aged animals and alterations in response to TBI （e.g., miR-21） have also been reported. Further large-scale studies with TBI patients are needed to provide more information on the changes in microRNA profiles in different age groups （children, adults, and elderly）.展开更多
目的研究精神分裂症(schizophrenia,SCZ)患者外周血单个核细胞中环状RNAs(circular RNAs,circRNAs)的差异表达,寻找潜在的SCZ诊断标志物。方法纳入175例SCZ患者和200名对照。将其中60例SCZ和60名对照的外周血样品分别混合为3份(每20个样...目的研究精神分裂症(schizophrenia,SCZ)患者外周血单个核细胞中环状RNAs(circular RNAs,circRNAs)的差异表达,寻找潜在的SCZ诊断标志物。方法纳入175例SCZ患者和200名对照。将其中60例SCZ和60名对照的外周血样品分别混合为3份(每20个样品1份),采用全转录组测序技术获得SCZ患者与对照的外周血单个核细胞circRNAs表达谱。首先选择表达丰度较高,差异倍数≥2且有统计学意义的circRNAs,在这60例SCZ和60名对照的外周血样品中,使用实时荧光定量PCR(real-time PCR)进行验证,筛选得到与测序结果一致的circRNAs作为候选circRNAs。然后,在所有被试外周血样品中确证候选circRNAs的差异表达。结果与对照相比,SCZ患者外周血单个核细胞存在差异性表达的circRNAs共195个,其中表达上调的circRNAs有83个,表达下调的circRNAs有112个。在60例SCZ患者和60名对照的外周血样品中验证,SCZ患者circRNA_16588(circbase_id:has_circ_0004669)(0.479±0.080 vs. 1.022±0.012,P=0.003)和circRNA_12825(circbase_id:has_circ_0004442)(0.387±0.050 vs. 1.372±0.230,P=0.013)表达下调具有统计学意义,可作为候选circRNAs。在所有被试的外周血样品中对候选circRNAs进行确证,发现SCZ患者组circRNA_16588(circbase_id:has_circ_0004669)(0.583±0.050 vs. 0.910±0.060,P<0.001)和circRNA_12825(circbase_id:has_circ_0004442)(0.680±0.080 vs. 1.219±0.090,P<0.001)表达下调。结论 SCZ患者外周血单个核细胞中存在差异性表达的circRNAs,circRNA_16588和circRNA_12825在SCZ患者外周血单个核细胞中表达显著下调,有作为SCZ诊断标志物的潜力。展开更多
Detecting cell-free DNA(cfDNA) or circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA) in plasma or serum could serve as a "liquid biopsy", which would be useful for numerous diagnostic applications. cfDNA methylation detection is ...Detecting cell-free DNA(cfDNA) or circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA) in plasma or serum could serve as a "liquid biopsy", which would be useful for numerous diagnostic applications. cfDNA methylation detection is one of the most promising approaches for cancer risk assessment. Here, we reviewed the literature related to the use of serum or plasma circulating cell-free DNA for cancer diagnosis in the early stage and their power as future biomarkers.展开更多
Autoantibodies can help clinicians to allow early detection of autoimmune diseases and their clinical manifestations, to determine effective monitoring of prognosis and the treatment response. From this point, they ha...Autoantibodies can help clinicians to allow early detection of autoimmune diseases and their clinical manifestations, to determine effective monitoring of prognosis and the treatment response. From this point, they have a high impact in rheumatic disease management. When usedcarefully they allow rapid diagnosis and appropriate treatment. However, as they may be present in healthy population they may cause confusion for interpreting the situation. False positive test results may lead to wrong treatment and unnecessary anxiety for patients. Autoantibody positivity alone does not make a diagnosis. Similarly, the absence of autoantibodies alone does not exclude diagnosis. The success of the test is closely related to sensitivity, specificity and likelihood ratios. So, interpretation of these is very important for a proper laboratory evaluation. In conclusion, in spite of the remarkable advances in science and technology, a deeply investigated anamnesis and comprehensive physical examination still continue to be the best diagnostic method. The most correct approach is that clinicians apply laboratory tests to confirm or exclude preliminary diagnosis based on anamnesis and physical examination. This review will discuss these issues.展开更多
基金Supported by Inserm and UniversitéClermont Auvergne(UMR 1071)INRA(USC-2018)grants from"Conseil regional Auvergne-Rhones-Alpes"and FDER/CPER
文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer worldwide. CRC is still associated with a poor prognosis among patients with advanced disease. On the contrary, due to its slow progression from detectable precancerous lesions, the prognosis for patients with early stages of CRC is encouraging. While most robust methods are invasive and costly, actual patient-friendly screening methods for CRC suffer of lack of sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, the development of sensitive, non-invasive and cost-effective methods for CRC detection and prognosis are necessary for increasing the chances of a cure. Beyond its beneficial functions for the host, increasing evidence suggests that the intestinal microbiota is a key factor associated with carcinogenesis. Many clinical studies have reported a disruption in the gut microbiota balance and an alteration in the faecal metabolome of CRC patients, suggesting the potential use of a microbialbased test as a non-invasive diagnostic and/or prognostic tool for CRC screening. This review aims to discuss the microbial signatures associated with CRC known to date, including dysbiosis and faecal metabolome alterations, andthe potential use of microbial variation markers for noninvasive early diagnosis and/or prognostic assessment of CRC and advanced adenomas. We will finally discuss the possible use of these markers as predicators for treatment response and their limitations.
基金Supported by In part supported by the American Cancer Society Research Award,No.RSG-10-067-01-TBENIH grant to Chen H,No.1R01CA178386
文摘MicroR NAs(miR NAs) are small non-coding RNAs generated by a two-step complex process and are post transcriptional negative regulators of their target m RNAs. Dysregulation of many of these miR NAs has been associated with tumorigenesis in various cancers including breast cancer. Aberrantly high expression of specific mi RNAs in breast cancer cells is demonstrated to be linked with inhibition of tumor suppressor genes and promote tumorigenesis. They are classified as oncogenic miR NAs. However, the tumor suppressor miR NAs are downregulated in breast cancer cells, since their major targets are oncogenic m RNAs. Understanding mechanism of action of specific miR NAs in breast cancer cells can be utilized to develop newer anti-cancer therapies. Recently, newer techniques are also developed to detect abundance of specific miR NA in the blood plasma samples and can be used in early diagnosis or prognosis in breast cancer. In this review article, we have discussed several mi RNAs dysregulated in breast cancer and their therapeutic potential.
文摘Traumatic brain injury （TBI） is characterized by primary damage to the brain from the external mechanical force and by subsequent secondary injury due to various molecular and pathophysiological responses that eventually lead to neuronal cell death. Secondary brain injury events may occur minutes, hours, or even days after the trauma, and provide valuable therapeutic targets to prevent further neuronal degeneration. At the present time, there is no effective treatment for TBI due, in part, to the widespread impact of numerous complex secondary biochemical and pathophysiological events occurring at different time points following the initial injury. MicroRNAs control a range of physiological and pathological functions such as develop- ment, differentiation, apoptosis and metabolism, and may serve as potential targets for progress assessment and intervention against TBI to mitigate secondary damage to the brain. This has implications regarding improving the diagnostic accuracy of brain impairment and long-term outcomes as well as potential novel treatments. Recent human studies have identified specific microRNAs in serum/plasma （miR-425-p, -21, -93, -191 and -499） and cerebro-spinal fluid （CSF） （miR-328, -362-3p, -451, -486a） as possible indicators of the diagnosis, severity, and prognosis of TBI. Experimental animal studies have examined specific microRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for moderate and mild TBI （e.g., miR-21, miR-23b）. MicroRNA profil- ing was altered by voluntary exercise. Differences in basal microRNA expression in the brain of adult and aged animals and alterations in response to TBI （e.g., miR-21） have also been reported. Further large-scale studies with TBI patients are needed to provide more information on the changes in microRNA profiles in different age groups （children, adults, and elderly）.
文摘目的研究精神分裂症(schizophrenia,SCZ)患者外周血单个核细胞中环状RNAs(circular RNAs,circRNAs)的差异表达,寻找潜在的SCZ诊断标志物。方法纳入175例SCZ患者和200名对照。将其中60例SCZ和60名对照的外周血样品分别混合为3份(每20个样品1份),采用全转录组测序技术获得SCZ患者与对照的外周血单个核细胞circRNAs表达谱。首先选择表达丰度较高,差异倍数≥2且有统计学意义的circRNAs,在这60例SCZ和60名对照的外周血样品中,使用实时荧光定量PCR(real-time PCR)进行验证,筛选得到与测序结果一致的circRNAs作为候选circRNAs。然后,在所有被试外周血样品中确证候选circRNAs的差异表达。结果与对照相比,SCZ患者外周血单个核细胞存在差异性表达的circRNAs共195个,其中表达上调的circRNAs有83个,表达下调的circRNAs有112个。在60例SCZ患者和60名对照的外周血样品中验证,SCZ患者circRNA_16588(circbase_id:has_circ_0004669)(0.479±0.080 vs. 1.022±0.012,P=0.003)和circRNA_12825(circbase_id:has_circ_0004442)(0.387±0.050 vs. 1.372±0.230,P=0.013)表达下调具有统计学意义,可作为候选circRNAs。在所有被试的外周血样品中对候选circRNAs进行确证,发现SCZ患者组circRNA_16588(circbase_id:has_circ_0004669)(0.583±0.050 vs. 0.910±0.060,P<0.001)和circRNA_12825(circbase_id:has_circ_0004442)(0.680±0.080 vs. 1.219±0.090,P<0.001)表达下调。结论 SCZ患者外周血单个核细胞中存在差异性表达的circRNAs,circRNA_16588和circRNA_12825在SCZ患者外周血单个核细胞中表达显著下调,有作为SCZ诊断标志物的潜力。
基金supported by the Precision Medicine Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KJZD-EW-L14)the National Basic Research Program (2012CB518302, 2013CB911001)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31540033, 91019024)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA01040407)
文摘Detecting cell-free DNA(cfDNA) or circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA) in plasma or serum could serve as a "liquid biopsy", which would be useful for numerous diagnostic applications. cfDNA methylation detection is one of the most promising approaches for cancer risk assessment. Here, we reviewed the literature related to the use of serum or plasma circulating cell-free DNA for cancer diagnosis in the early stage and their power as future biomarkers.
文摘Autoantibodies can help clinicians to allow early detection of autoimmune diseases and their clinical manifestations, to determine effective monitoring of prognosis and the treatment response. From this point, they have a high impact in rheumatic disease management. When usedcarefully they allow rapid diagnosis and appropriate treatment. However, as they may be present in healthy population they may cause confusion for interpreting the situation. False positive test results may lead to wrong treatment and unnecessary anxiety for patients. Autoantibody positivity alone does not make a diagnosis. Similarly, the absence of autoantibodies alone does not exclude diagnosis. The success of the test is closely related to sensitivity, specificity and likelihood ratios. So, interpretation of these is very important for a proper laboratory evaluation. In conclusion, in spite of the remarkable advances in science and technology, a deeply investigated anamnesis and comprehensive physical examination still continue to be the best diagnostic method. The most correct approach is that clinicians apply laboratory tests to confirm or exclude preliminary diagnosis based on anamnesis and physical examination. This review will discuss these issues.
