A growing body of epidemiologic research has demonstrated that metabolic derangement exists in patients with hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection, indicating that there are clinical associations between HBV infection and ...A growing body of epidemiologic research has demonstrated that metabolic derangement exists in patients with hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection, indicating that there are clinical associations between HBV infection and host metabolism. In order to understand the complex interplay between HBV and hepatic metabolism in greater depth, we systematically reviewed these alterations in different metabolic signaling pathways due to HBV infection. HBV infection interfered with most aspects of hepatic metabolic responses, including glucose, lipid, nucleic acid, bile acid and vitamin metabolism. Glucose and lipid metabolism is a particular focus due to the significant promotion of gluconeogenesis, glucose aerobic oxidation, the pentose phosphate pathway, fatty acid synthesis or oxidation, phospholipid and cholesterol biosynthesis affected by HBV. These altered metabolic pathways are involved in the pathological process of not only hepatitis B, but also metabolic disorders, increasing the occurrence of complications, such as hepatocellular carcinoma and liver steatosis. Thus, a clearer understanding of the hepatic metabolic pathways affected by HBV and its pathogenesis is necessary to develop more novel therapeutic strategies targeting viral eradication.展开更多
Introduction: Internal derangement of the knee is a blanket term used to cover a group of disorders involving destruction of the normal functioning of the ligaments or cartilages. MRI provides excellent soft tissue co...Introduction: Internal derangement of the knee is a blanket term used to cover a group of disorders involving destruction of the normal functioning of the ligaments or cartilages. MRI provides excellent soft tissue contrast and is capable of evaluating the soft tissue and bony structures in multiple imaging planes which provide significant advantage in IDK. Methods and Materials: A prospective study of hundred twenty patients who underwent MRI for the diagnosis of internal derangement of knee between the period January 2013 and January 2015 was conducted. All the patients gave a history of knee joint pain following trauma and clinically suspected to have meniscal and ligament tears. Patients were evaluated using Philips intera R 11 1.5 T with pulsar gradient system using a sensor extremity coil. Results: Commonest lesion detected in our study was ACL tear followed by meniscal tear and medial collateral ligament injury. The most common sign of cruciate ligament injury was hyper intensity in the ligament. Grade 3 was the most common grade of meniscal tear. Conclusion: MRI is unique in its ability to evaluate the internal structure as well as the surface of the meniscus. Many anatomical variants can mimic a tear on MRI. MRI is an excellent non invasive modality for imaging the knee.展开更多
Let n be a positive integer. A permutation a of the symmetric group of permutations of is called a derangement if for each . Suppose that x and y are two arbitrary permutations of . We say that...Let n be a positive integer. A permutation a of the symmetric group of permutations of is called a derangement if for each . Suppose that x and y are two arbitrary permutations of . We say that a permutation a is a double derangement with respect to x and y if and for each . In this paper, we give an explicit formula for , the number of double derangements with respect to x and y. Let and let and be two subsets of with and . Suppose that denotes the number of derangements x such that . As the main result, we show that if and z is a permutation such that for and for , then where .展开更多
AIM:To verify if subclinical hypothyroidism(SCH) could be associated to atopy in children.METHODS:Seven hundred and thirty-two Caucasian children from South Italy presenting symptoms of allergic disease were enrolled ...AIM:To verify if subclinical hypothyroidism(SCH) could be associated to atopy in children.METHODS:Seven hundred and thirty-two Caucasian children from South Italy presenting symptoms of allergic disease were enrolled and submitted to atopy,obesity,chronic low grade inflammation,and SCH work up.RESULTS:Four hundred and forty-five out of 705(63.12%) children affected by allergic disease were diagnosed as atopic and 260(36.88%) as not atopic.The SCH prevalence was 6.3%.Significant higher prevalence of SCH among atopic children with average(group 2) and high(group 3) low grade chronic inflammation compared to atopic children with mild(group 1)low grade chronic inflammation was present.Moreover,group 1 and group 2 presented an OR to show SCH of2.57(95%CI:1.55-6.26) and 2.96(95%CI:1.01-8.65),respectively.Both in atopic and not atopic children we found C3 serum levels significantly higher in group 3respect to group 2 and group 1.Noteworthy,among atopic patients,also total immunoglobulin E(IgE) serum levels,were significantly higher in group 3 compared to group 2 and group 1 children.In atopic children,C3 and total IgE serum values increased in parallel with the increase of C-reactive protein values,while in not atopic children this phenomenon was not evident.CONCLUSION:The possibility exists that an increasing atopic inflammation contributes to SCH occurrence.So far this is the first report in literature showing an association between SCH and atopy but further studies are needed to confirm our data.展开更多
We introduce the notion of a graph derangement, which naturally interpolates between perfect matchings and Hamiltonian cycles. We give a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of graph derangements on a ...We introduce the notion of a graph derangement, which naturally interpolates between perfect matchings and Hamiltonian cycles. We give a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of graph derangements on a locally finite graph. This result was first proved by W. T. Tutte in 1953 by applying some deeper results on digraphs. We give a new, simple proof which amounts to a reduction to the (Menger-Egerváry-K?nig-)Hall(-Hall) Theorem on transversals of set systems. We also consider the problem of classifying all cycle types of graph derangements on m × n checkerboard graphs. Our presentation does not assume any prior knowledge in graph theory or combinatorics: all definitions and proofs of needed theorems are given.展开更多
Unresectable recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer is an incurable disease with survival of approximately 12 months. Head and neck tumors exhibit numerous derangements in the tumor microenvironment that aid in ...Unresectable recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer is an incurable disease with survival of approximately 12 months. Head and neck tumors exhibit numerous derangements in the tumor microenvironment that aid in immune evasion and may serve as targets for future therapies. Pembrolizumab is now approved as a first line therapy. Despite the promise of currently approved immunotherapies there continues to be low response rates and additional strategies are needed. Here, alterations in the immune microenvironment and current therapeutic strategies are reviewed with a focus on novel immunologic approaches.展开更多
Aim:The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of arthrocentesis with arthrocentesis plus steroid in the treatment of temporomandibular joint(TMJ)internal derangements.Methods:Nine males and 11 females aged 17...Aim:The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of arthrocentesis with arthrocentesis plus steroid in the treatment of temporomandibular joint(TMJ)internal derangements.Methods:Nine males and 11 females aged 17–39 years were enrolled in the study.The patients were complaining of limited mouth opening and TMJ pain.Arthrocentesis was performed under aseptic conditions.All patients were clinically evaluated before the procedure,and 1 week and 6 months after the procedure.Intensity of TMJ pain and maximal mouth opening was recorded at each follow-up visit.Results:Both groups showed significant improvement in mouth opening and a reduction in pain scores in the postoperative period;however,the addition of steroid did not improve the overall outcome of the procedure.Conclusion:Arthrocentesis is a simple and safe procedure for patients with internal derangement of the TMJ with closed lock.However,the outcome was not improved by the addition of steroid.展开更多
The prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus（T2DM）has been increasing throughout the world over the past 20 years.Environmental chemicals known to regulate the endocrine system have been considered as a ri...The prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus（T2DM）has been increasing throughout the world over the past 20 years.Environmental chemicals known to regulate the endocrine system have been considered as a risk factor for the development of metabolic diseases.Several people are exposed to environmental chemicals during their lives.展开更多
Mythology plays an important role in the sustenance of a particular community.It embeds the ancient knowledge that percolates through folktales into the knowledge system of that community.However,such mythologies have...Mythology plays an important role in the sustenance of a particular community.It embeds the ancient knowledge that percolates through folktales into the knowledge system of that community.However,such mythologies have often been dismissed by votaries of scientific knowledge on the ground that these mythologies are preposterous and do not have scientific basis.Consequently,the traditional form of knowledge which has helped in the sustenance of particular community is disrupted.It eventually led to invasion of alien ideas and culture which is not conducive for the growth and protection of that community life.As a result,the relation between man and nature is also disrupted.The present world has been ripped apart by the onslaught of industrialisation in the name of progress and development and people have turned immensely materialistic and as such have not only lost their reverence for nature,but also have facilitated into the decadence of their traditional system of knowledge that otherwise would have shielded the affinity between man and nature.Amitav Ghosh talks about this problem in his non-fiction The Great Derangement;and similarly many Indian writers have also addressed this issue through stories,poetry,and fiction.Eastern Kire Iralu is one such writer from the Northeast India who has blended myth and folktale in her novella titled The Son of the Thundercloud.Her purpose is to allegorie the pathetic plight of the people in present-day world because of their irreverence to nature.She does it by invoking myth and folktale.She has shown in her novella that how ancient system of knowledge,through folk tales,tries to provide valuable knowledge that is required for sustenance of mankind.This paper analyses the novella of Eastrine Kire Iralu which offers a way-out from the present day crisis mentioned by Amitabh Ghosh.Easterine Kire Iralu’s novella has established the importance of folktales in primitive societies and its relevance in the present day world.Kire has bended mythology and realism to show the symbioti展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81270500The State 12th 5-Year Plan S&T Projects of China,No.2012ZX10002007The National Basic Research Program(973 Program)in China,No.2013CB531400
文摘A growing body of epidemiologic research has demonstrated that metabolic derangement exists in patients with hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection, indicating that there are clinical associations between HBV infection and host metabolism. In order to understand the complex interplay between HBV and hepatic metabolism in greater depth, we systematically reviewed these alterations in different metabolic signaling pathways due to HBV infection. HBV infection interfered with most aspects of hepatic metabolic responses, including glucose, lipid, nucleic acid, bile acid and vitamin metabolism. Glucose and lipid metabolism is a particular focus due to the significant promotion of gluconeogenesis, glucose aerobic oxidation, the pentose phosphate pathway, fatty acid synthesis or oxidation, phospholipid and cholesterol biosynthesis affected by HBV. These altered metabolic pathways are involved in the pathological process of not only hepatitis B, but also metabolic disorders, increasing the occurrence of complications, such as hepatocellular carcinoma and liver steatosis. Thus, a clearer understanding of the hepatic metabolic pathways affected by HBV and its pathogenesis is necessary to develop more novel therapeutic strategies targeting viral eradication.
文摘Introduction: Internal derangement of the knee is a blanket term used to cover a group of disorders involving destruction of the normal functioning of the ligaments or cartilages. MRI provides excellent soft tissue contrast and is capable of evaluating the soft tissue and bony structures in multiple imaging planes which provide significant advantage in IDK. Methods and Materials: A prospective study of hundred twenty patients who underwent MRI for the diagnosis of internal derangement of knee between the period January 2013 and January 2015 was conducted. All the patients gave a history of knee joint pain following trauma and clinically suspected to have meniscal and ligament tears. Patients were evaluated using Philips intera R 11 1.5 T with pulsar gradient system using a sensor extremity coil. Results: Commonest lesion detected in our study was ACL tear followed by meniscal tear and medial collateral ligament injury. The most common sign of cruciate ligament injury was hyper intensity in the ligament. Grade 3 was the most common grade of meniscal tear. Conclusion: MRI is unique in its ability to evaluate the internal structure as well as the surface of the meniscus. Many anatomical variants can mimic a tear on MRI. MRI is an excellent non invasive modality for imaging the knee.
文摘Let n be a positive integer. A permutation a of the symmetric group of permutations of is called a derangement if for each . Suppose that x and y are two arbitrary permutations of . We say that a permutation a is a double derangement with respect to x and y if and for each . In this paper, we give an explicit formula for , the number of double derangements with respect to x and y. Let and let and be two subsets of with and . Suppose that denotes the number of derangements x such that . As the main result, we show that if and z is a permutation such that for and for , then where .
文摘AIM:To verify if subclinical hypothyroidism(SCH) could be associated to atopy in children.METHODS:Seven hundred and thirty-two Caucasian children from South Italy presenting symptoms of allergic disease were enrolled and submitted to atopy,obesity,chronic low grade inflammation,and SCH work up.RESULTS:Four hundred and forty-five out of 705(63.12%) children affected by allergic disease were diagnosed as atopic and 260(36.88%) as not atopic.The SCH prevalence was 6.3%.Significant higher prevalence of SCH among atopic children with average(group 2) and high(group 3) low grade chronic inflammation compared to atopic children with mild(group 1)low grade chronic inflammation was present.Moreover,group 1 and group 2 presented an OR to show SCH of2.57(95%CI:1.55-6.26) and 2.96(95%CI:1.01-8.65),respectively.Both in atopic and not atopic children we found C3 serum levels significantly higher in group 3respect to group 2 and group 1.Noteworthy,among atopic patients,also total immunoglobulin E(IgE) serum levels,were significantly higher in group 3 compared to group 2 and group 1 children.In atopic children,C3 and total IgE serum values increased in parallel with the increase of C-reactive protein values,while in not atopic children this phenomenon was not evident.CONCLUSION:The possibility exists that an increasing atopic inflammation contributes to SCH occurrence.So far this is the first report in literature showing an association between SCH and atopy but further studies are needed to confirm our data.
文摘We introduce the notion of a graph derangement, which naturally interpolates between perfect matchings and Hamiltonian cycles. We give a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of graph derangements on a locally finite graph. This result was first proved by W. T. Tutte in 1953 by applying some deeper results on digraphs. We give a new, simple proof which amounts to a reduction to the (Menger-Egerváry-K?nig-)Hall(-Hall) Theorem on transversals of set systems. We also consider the problem of classifying all cycle types of graph derangements on m × n checkerboard graphs. Our presentation does not assume any prior knowledge in graph theory or combinatorics: all definitions and proofs of needed theorems are given.
基金Heft Neal ME was supported in part by the NIH Grant(T32 DC005356).Brenner JC was supported in part by American Cancer Society Grant:132034-RSG-18-062-01-TBG.Brenner JC was supported by F31:DE-027600-01
文摘Unresectable recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer is an incurable disease with survival of approximately 12 months. Head and neck tumors exhibit numerous derangements in the tumor microenvironment that aid in immune evasion and may serve as targets for future therapies. Pembrolizumab is now approved as a first line therapy. Despite the promise of currently approved immunotherapies there continues to be low response rates and additional strategies are needed. Here, alterations in the immune microenvironment and current therapeutic strategies are reviewed with a focus on novel immunologic approaches.
文摘Aim:The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of arthrocentesis with arthrocentesis plus steroid in the treatment of temporomandibular joint(TMJ)internal derangements.Methods:Nine males and 11 females aged 17–39 years were enrolled in the study.The patients were complaining of limited mouth opening and TMJ pain.Arthrocentesis was performed under aseptic conditions.All patients were clinically evaluated before the procedure,and 1 week and 6 months after the procedure.Intensity of TMJ pain and maximal mouth opening was recorded at each follow-up visit.Results:Both groups showed significant improvement in mouth opening and a reduction in pain scores in the postoperative period;however,the addition of steroid did not improve the overall outcome of the procedure.Conclusion:Arthrocentesis is a simple and safe procedure for patients with internal derangement of the TMJ with closed lock.However,the outcome was not improved by the addition of steroid.
文摘The prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus（T2DM）has been increasing throughout the world over the past 20 years.Environmental chemicals known to regulate the endocrine system have been considered as a risk factor for the development of metabolic diseases.Several people are exposed to environmental chemicals during their lives.
文摘Mythology plays an important role in the sustenance of a particular community.It embeds the ancient knowledge that percolates through folktales into the knowledge system of that community.However,such mythologies have often been dismissed by votaries of scientific knowledge on the ground that these mythologies are preposterous and do not have scientific basis.Consequently,the traditional form of knowledge which has helped in the sustenance of particular community is disrupted.It eventually led to invasion of alien ideas and culture which is not conducive for the growth and protection of that community life.As a result,the relation between man and nature is also disrupted.The present world has been ripped apart by the onslaught of industrialisation in the name of progress and development and people have turned immensely materialistic and as such have not only lost their reverence for nature,but also have facilitated into the decadence of their traditional system of knowledge that otherwise would have shielded the affinity between man and nature.Amitav Ghosh talks about this problem in his non-fiction The Great Derangement;and similarly many Indian writers have also addressed this issue through stories,poetry,and fiction.Eastern Kire Iralu is one such writer from the Northeast India who has blended myth and folktale in her novella titled The Son of the Thundercloud.Her purpose is to allegorie the pathetic plight of the people in present-day world because of their irreverence to nature.She does it by invoking myth and folktale.She has shown in her novella that how ancient system of knowledge,through folk tales,tries to provide valuable knowledge that is required for sustenance of mankind.This paper analyses the novella of Eastrine Kire Iralu which offers a way-out from the present day crisis mentioned by Amitabh Ghosh.Easterine Kire Iralu’s novella has established the importance of folktales in primitive societies and its relevance in the present day world.Kire has bended mythology and realism to show the symbioti
