目的:分析影响简易精神状态量表(Mini-Mental State Examination,MMSE)筛查效度的因素,为建立MMSE得分的常规模型、修正并完善现行MMSE筛查标准提供依据。方法:从中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查(Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity ...目的:分析影响简易精神状态量表(Mini-Mental State Examination,MMSE)筛查效度的因素,为建立MMSE得分的常规模型、修正并完善现行MMSE筛查标准提供依据。方法:从中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查(Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey,CLHLS)队列中得到符合纳入标准的19 117名正常老年人和137名痴呆患者的MMSE测试结果;用工作特征曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)及效度指标对比MMSE各类临界值的筛查效度;用多元线性回归比较正常和痴呆人群的MMSE得分的影响因素的差异;描述正常与痴呆老年人MMSE得分随年龄、性别的变化趋势及差别。结果:MMSE量表的AUC值≥0.75(P<0.05);正常人群MMSE得分随年龄增长呈非线性下降(男:R2=0.924,P<0.05;女:R2=0.951,P<0.05);随受教育程度增加呈非线性上升(男:R2=0.948,P<0.05;女:R2=0.859,P<0.05);女性MMSE平均得分低于同龄男性,且下降速度更快(女性偏回归系数的95%置信区间与男性偏回归系数的95%置信区间不重叠)。不论男女,痴呆老年人的MMSE得分均低于正常老年人(男:Z分数差值:-1.573,P<0.05;女:Z分数差值:-1.222,P<0.05);MMSE得分随年龄增加下降速度似乎比正常老年人更快(痴呆人群偏回归系数的95%置信区间包含正常人群偏回归系数的95%置信区间)。结论:CLHLS中的MMSE量表筛查效度不受文化程度影响,本研究针对影响MMSE筛查效度的可能因素及其影响程度的探讨得出,性别、年龄、视力和居住地是具有鉴别效度的因素,可作为MMSE量表的辅助工具筛查痴呆人群。展开更多
Over the past two decades, the term vascular cognitive impairment(VCI) has been used to refer to a spectrum of cognitive decline characterized by executive dysfunction, associated with vascular pathology. With 30% of ...Over the past two decades, the term vascular cognitive impairment(VCI) has been used to refer to a spectrum of cognitive decline characterized by executive dysfunction, associated with vascular pathology. With 30% of stroke survivors showing cognitive impairments, it is regarded as the most common cause of cognitive impairment. This is a narrative review of available literature citing sources from Pub Med, MEDLINE and Google Scholar. VCI has a high prevalence both before and after a stroke and is associated with great economic and caregiver burden. Despite this, there is no standardized diagnostic criteria for VCI. Hypertension has been identified as a risk factor for VCI and causes changes in cerebral vessel structure and function predisposing to lacuna infarcts and small vessel haemorrhages in the frontostriatal loop leading to executive dysfunction and other cognitive impairments. Current trials have shown promising results in the use of antihypertensive medications in the management of VCI and prevention of disease progression to vascular dementia. Prevention of VCI is necessary in light of the looming dementia pandemic. All patients with cardiovascular risk factors would therefore benefit from cognitive screening with screening instruments sensitive to executive dysfunction as well as prompt and adequate control of hypertension.展开更多
认知障碍相关疾病已成为威胁老年人群健康最重要的疾病之一,如何对其进行早期识别和规范评估,是该类疾病早期诊治的关键。本文主要针对简易智能状态检查(Mini-mental State Examination,MMSE)、蒙特利尔认知功能评估(Montreal Cognitive...认知障碍相关疾病已成为威胁老年人群健康最重要的疾病之一,如何对其进行早期识别和规范评估,是该类疾病早期诊治的关键。本文主要针对简易智能状态检查(Mini-mental State Examination,MMSE)、蒙特利尔认知功能评估(Montreal Cognitive Assessment,Mo CA)、日常活动能力量表(Activity of Daily Living Scale,ADL)和8条目痴呆筛查问卷(8-item Ascertain Dementia,AD8)4个常见认知功能/生活能力评估量表进行相关的应用进展评述。展开更多
老年人痴呆或认知障碍多由一种以上年龄相关的常见脑部疾病所致。阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease,AD)是其中最常见的神经变性疾病,且是全球前10位死因中唯一无法治愈或缺乏长期对症疗效的疾病,给个人、家庭和全球经济都带来了巨...老年人痴呆或认知障碍多由一种以上年龄相关的常见脑部疾病所致。阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease,AD)是其中最常见的神经变性疾病,且是全球前10位死因中唯一无法治愈或缺乏长期对症疗效的疾病,给个人、家庭和全球经济都带来了巨大的负担。早期及时发现和干预是对抗AD的最佳策略。在过去的30年中,许多研究都提出了降低痴呆风险的方法,2020年《柳叶刀》杂志的痴呆预防报告已阐明通过应对风险因素可以预防或延缓超过40%的痴呆。然而,目前全球医疗体系尚未具备早期或及时发现AD的足够能力。最近的一项研究发现,只有不到10%的轻度认知障碍(mild cognitive impairment,MCI)是在初级医疗机构中诊断出来的。近来,抗淀粉样蛋白β(Amyloid beta,Aβ)抗体药物lecanemab和donanemab被批准上市用于早期AD治疗,以及30年的随访研究证明改善风险因素显著减少AD痴呆的发病率并延长了寿命,使得人们对AD早期识别的关注迅速增加。阿尔茨海默病防治协会(China Association for Alzheimer's Disease,CAAD)认识到居家早期和及时发现AD的重要性,并成立了一个由协会成员、临床医生和研究人员组成的全球AD多领域专家团队,就以下目标达成共识:①为个人、家庭、社区、协会和组织提供专家指导意见;②介绍用于认知障碍和痴呆居家筛查的数字工具和可用资源,并为AD高危人群或疑似患者制定下一步应对策略;③讨论现有可用或将来可能的居家筛查适宜AD生物标志物;④为未来的改进和全球应用建立可行性框架。专家组对于当前可用的证据、工具和资源进行综述,并进一步考量其在AD居家筛查中的价值。展开更多
文摘目的:分析影响简易精神状态量表(Mini-Mental State Examination,MMSE)筛查效度的因素,为建立MMSE得分的常规模型、修正并完善现行MMSE筛查标准提供依据。方法:从中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查(Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey,CLHLS)队列中得到符合纳入标准的19 117名正常老年人和137名痴呆患者的MMSE测试结果;用工作特征曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)及效度指标对比MMSE各类临界值的筛查效度;用多元线性回归比较正常和痴呆人群的MMSE得分的影响因素的差异;描述正常与痴呆老年人MMSE得分随年龄、性别的变化趋势及差别。结果:MMSE量表的AUC值≥0.75(P<0.05);正常人群MMSE得分随年龄增长呈非线性下降(男:R2=0.924,P<0.05;女:R2=0.951,P<0.05);随受教育程度增加呈非线性上升(男:R2=0.948,P<0.05;女:R2=0.859,P<0.05);女性MMSE平均得分低于同龄男性,且下降速度更快(女性偏回归系数的95%置信区间与男性偏回归系数的95%置信区间不重叠)。不论男女,痴呆老年人的MMSE得分均低于正常老年人(男:Z分数差值:-1.573,P<0.05;女:Z分数差值:-1.222,P<0.05);MMSE得分随年龄增加下降速度似乎比正常老年人更快(痴呆人群偏回归系数的95%置信区间包含正常人群偏回归系数的95%置信区间)。结论:CLHLS中的MMSE量表筛查效度不受文化程度影响,本研究针对影响MMSE筛查效度的可能因素及其影响程度的探讨得出,性别、年龄、视力和居住地是具有鉴别效度的因素,可作为MMSE量表的辅助工具筛查痴呆人群。
文摘Over the past two decades, the term vascular cognitive impairment(VCI) has been used to refer to a spectrum of cognitive decline characterized by executive dysfunction, associated with vascular pathology. With 30% of stroke survivors showing cognitive impairments, it is regarded as the most common cause of cognitive impairment. This is a narrative review of available literature citing sources from Pub Med, MEDLINE and Google Scholar. VCI has a high prevalence both before and after a stroke and is associated with great economic and caregiver burden. Despite this, there is no standardized diagnostic criteria for VCI. Hypertension has been identified as a risk factor for VCI and causes changes in cerebral vessel structure and function predisposing to lacuna infarcts and small vessel haemorrhages in the frontostriatal loop leading to executive dysfunction and other cognitive impairments. Current trials have shown promising results in the use of antihypertensive medications in the management of VCI and prevention of disease progression to vascular dementia. Prevention of VCI is necessary in light of the looming dementia pandemic. All patients with cardiovascular risk factors would therefore benefit from cognitive screening with screening instruments sensitive to executive dysfunction as well as prompt and adequate control of hypertension.
文摘认知障碍相关疾病已成为威胁老年人群健康最重要的疾病之一,如何对其进行早期识别和规范评估,是该类疾病早期诊治的关键。本文主要针对简易智能状态检查(Mini-mental State Examination,MMSE)、蒙特利尔认知功能评估(Montreal Cognitive Assessment,Mo CA)、日常活动能力量表(Activity of Daily Living Scale,ADL)和8条目痴呆筛查问卷(8-item Ascertain Dementia,AD8)4个常见认知功能/生活能力评估量表进行相关的应用进展评述。
文摘老年人痴呆或认知障碍多由一种以上年龄相关的常见脑部疾病所致。阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease,AD)是其中最常见的神经变性疾病,且是全球前10位死因中唯一无法治愈或缺乏长期对症疗效的疾病,给个人、家庭和全球经济都带来了巨大的负担。早期及时发现和干预是对抗AD的最佳策略。在过去的30年中,许多研究都提出了降低痴呆风险的方法,2020年《柳叶刀》杂志的痴呆预防报告已阐明通过应对风险因素可以预防或延缓超过40%的痴呆。然而,目前全球医疗体系尚未具备早期或及时发现AD的足够能力。最近的一项研究发现,只有不到10%的轻度认知障碍(mild cognitive impairment,MCI)是在初级医疗机构中诊断出来的。近来,抗淀粉样蛋白β(Amyloid beta,Aβ)抗体药物lecanemab和donanemab被批准上市用于早期AD治疗,以及30年的随访研究证明改善风险因素显著减少AD痴呆的发病率并延长了寿命,使得人们对AD早期识别的关注迅速增加。阿尔茨海默病防治协会(China Association for Alzheimer's Disease,CAAD)认识到居家早期和及时发现AD的重要性,并成立了一个由协会成员、临床医生和研究人员组成的全球AD多领域专家团队,就以下目标达成共识:①为个人、家庭、社区、协会和组织提供专家指导意见;②介绍用于认知障碍和痴呆居家筛查的数字工具和可用资源,并为AD高危人群或疑似患者制定下一步应对策略;③讨论现有可用或将来可能的居家筛查适宜AD生物标志物;④为未来的改进和全球应用建立可行性框架。专家组对于当前可用的证据、工具和资源进行综述,并进一步考量其在AD居家筛查中的价值。
