Terrestrial ecosystems represent the second largest carbon reservoir, and the C balance in terrestrial ecosystems can be directly impacted by human activities such as agricultural management practices and land-use cha...Terrestrial ecosystems represent the second largest carbon reservoir, and the C balance in terrestrial ecosystems can be directly impacted by human activities such as agricultural management practices and land-use changes. This paper focuses on the C-sequestration in soil. Although many studies showed that the concentration of SOC is much higher in the shallow soils (0-30 cm), the deeper horizons represent a much greater mass of soil and represent a huge C-storage pool. The process of preferential retention of more strongly adsorbing components, along with competitive displacement of weakly binding components are the key processes that enhance the movement of organic carbon to deeper soil horizons. DOC represents the most dynamic part of organic carbon in soils, and thus can be used as a timely indicator of the short-term change of C-sequestration. Long-term experiments have demonstrated that higher SOC levels in shallow soils would lead to increased fluxes of DOC to deeper horizons, but more data on a wider range of soils and treatment strategies are needed to fully evaluate the linkages between changes in SOC in shallow soil, vertical fluxes of DOC to deeper soil horizons, and enhanced C-inventories in deeper, slow-turnover SOC pools.展开更多
Dissolved organic carbon （DOC） is an important component for both carbon cycle and energy balance. The concentration, UV absorbance, and export flux of DOC in the natural environment dominate many important transpor...Dissolved organic carbon （DOC） is an important component for both carbon cycle and energy balance. The concentration, UV absorbance, and export flux of DOC in the natural environment dominate many important transport processes. To better understand the temporal and spatial variation of DOC, 7 sites along the Lower Dagu River were chosen to conduct a comprehensive measure- ment from March 2013 to February 2014. Specifically, water samples were collected from the Lower Dagu River between the 26th and 29th of every month during the experimental period. The DOC concentration （Cooc） and UV absorbance were analyzed using a total organic carbon analyzer and the ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum, and the DOC export flux was estimated with a simple empirical model. The results showed that the CDoc of the Lower Dagu River varied from 1.32 to 12.56 mg/L, consistent with global rivers. The CDoc and UV absorbance showed significant spatial variation in the Dagu River during the experiential period because of the upstream natural processes and human activities in the watershed. The spatial variation is mainly due to dam or reservoir constructions, riverside ecological environment changes, and non-point source or wastewater discharge. The seasonal variation of CDoc was mainly related to the source of water DOC, river runoff, and temperature, and the UV absorbance and humification degree of DOC had no obvious differences among months （P〈 0.05）. UV absorbance was applied to test the CDOC in Lower Dagu River using wave lengths of 254 and 280 nm. The results revealed that the annual DOC export flux varied from 1.6 to 3.76x 105 g C^rn2/yr in a complete hydrological year, significantly lower than the global average. It is worth mentioning that the DOC export flux was mainly concentrated in summer （-90% of all-year flux in July and August）, since the runoff in the Dagu River took place frequently in summer. These observations implied environment change could bring the temporal-spatial variation of DOC and the e展开更多
Soil CO 2 emission from an arable soil was measured by closed chamber method to quantify year round soil flux and to develop an equation to predict flux using soil temperature, dissolved organic carbon(DOC) and soil...Soil CO 2 emission from an arable soil was measured by closed chamber method to quantify year round soil flux and to develop an equation to predict flux using soil temperature, dissolved organic carbon(DOC) and soil moisture content. Soil CO 2 flux, soil temperature, DOC and soil moisture content were determined on selected days during the experiment from August 1999 to July 2000, at the Ecological Station of Red Soil, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, in a subtropical region of China. Soil CO 2 fluxes were generally higher in summer and autumn than in winter and spring, and had a seasonal pattern more similar to soil temperature and DOC than soil moisture. The estimation was 2 23 kgCO 2/(m 2·a) for average annual soil CO 2 flux. Regressed separately, the reasons for soil flux variability were 86 6% from soil temperature, 58 8% from DOC, and 26 3% from soil moisture, respectively. Regressed jointly, a multiple equation was developed by the above three variables that explained approximately 85 2% of the flux variance, however by stepwise regression, soil temperature was the dominant affecting soil flux. Based on the exponential equation developed from soil temperature, the predicted annual flux was 2 49 kgCO 2/(m 2·a), and essentially equal to the measured one. It is suggested the exponential relationship between soil flux and soil temperature could be used for accurately predicting soil CO 2 flux from arable soil in subtropical regions of China.展开更多
Wetland ecosystem is an important part of the terrestrial ecosystem,and it plays a significant role in the global carbon cycle.The wetlands are also major sources of dissolved organic carbon(DOC).The studies on DOC fl...Wetland ecosystem is an important part of the terrestrial ecosystem,and it plays a significant role in the global carbon cycle.The wetlands are also major sources of dissolved organic carbon(DOC).The studies on DOC flux in wetlands have focused on its relation with carbon cycle recently.It was reported that there have been significant spatial and temporal variations of DOC in the wetlands associated with sloughs,streams and rivers in boreal and sub-boreal hemisphere.Changes in DOC concentration and flux are considered to be related to a variety of factors affected by global climate change and human activities.The estimation of DOC concentration and flux from the terrestrial biosphere has been of great attention because of its importance for the status of carbon storage in the wetlands and the potential impact on global biogeochemical cycle.In this paper,it is discussed the sources,compositions and characteristics of DOC,furthermore reviewed the research methods and the influential factors as well as some estimated models of DOC flux.As a conclusion,some suggestions and prospects for the direction of the future study have been addressed.展开更多
文摘以某市江水为研究对象,考察混凝-超滤组合工艺处理低温低浊受污染水的效果,比较不同混凝预处理形式对超滤膜膜通量的影响以及膜滤出水水质的变化.结果表明,混凝预处理可以减缓膜污染,改善膜通量,可将出水的浊度控制在0.2 ntu以下,提高了组合工艺对有机物的去除效果.当混凝剂投加量为30 mg/L时,混凝-超滤组合工艺对UV254和DOC的总去除率分别达到56.5%和39.0%.混凝后直接膜滤对超滤膜膜通量的影响最小,在60 m in内通量下降了11.5%,对UV254和DOC去除率效果最好,平均去除率为37.5%和32.9%.因此采用在线混凝-UF组合工艺可以更明显地改善低温低浊水的处理效果.
基金National Science Foundation of the United States the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the U.S. Department of Energy ChinaFLUX
文摘Terrestrial ecosystems represent the second largest carbon reservoir, and the C balance in terrestrial ecosystems can be directly impacted by human activities such as agricultural management practices and land-use changes. This paper focuses on the C-sequestration in soil. Although many studies showed that the concentration of SOC is much higher in the shallow soils (0-30 cm), the deeper horizons represent a much greater mass of soil and represent a huge C-storage pool. The process of preferential retention of more strongly adsorbing components, along with competitive displacement of weakly binding components are the key processes that enhance the movement of organic carbon to deeper soil horizons. DOC represents the most dynamic part of organic carbon in soils, and thus can be used as a timely indicator of the short-term change of C-sequestration. Long-term experiments have demonstrated that higher SOC levels in shallow soils would lead to increased fluxes of DOC to deeper horizons, but more data on a wider range of soils and treatment strategies are needed to fully evaluate the linkages between changes in SOC in shallow soil, vertical fluxes of DOC to deeper soil horizons, and enhanced C-inventories in deeper, slow-turnover SOC pools.
文摘Dissolved organic carbon （DOC） is an important component for both carbon cycle and energy balance. The concentration, UV absorbance, and export flux of DOC in the natural environment dominate many important transport processes. To better understand the temporal and spatial variation of DOC, 7 sites along the Lower Dagu River were chosen to conduct a comprehensive measure- ment from March 2013 to February 2014. Specifically, water samples were collected from the Lower Dagu River between the 26th and 29th of every month during the experimental period. The DOC concentration （Cooc） and UV absorbance were analyzed using a total organic carbon analyzer and the ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum, and the DOC export flux was estimated with a simple empirical model. The results showed that the CDoc of the Lower Dagu River varied from 1.32 to 12.56 mg/L, consistent with global rivers. The CDoc and UV absorbance showed significant spatial variation in the Dagu River during the experiential period because of the upstream natural processes and human activities in the watershed. The spatial variation is mainly due to dam or reservoir constructions, riverside ecological environment changes, and non-point source or wastewater discharge. The seasonal variation of CDoc was mainly related to the source of water DOC, river runoff, and temperature, and the UV absorbance and humification degree of DOC had no obvious differences among months （P〈 0.05）. UV absorbance was applied to test the CDOC in Lower Dagu River using wave lengths of 254 and 280 nm. The results revealed that the annual DOC export flux varied from 1.6 to 3.76x 105 g C^rn2/yr in a complete hydrological year, significantly lower than the global average. It is worth mentioning that the DOC export flux was mainly concentrated in summer （-90% of all-year flux in July and August）, since the runoff in the Dagu River took place frequently in summer. These observations implied environment change could bring the temporal-spatial variation of DOC and the e
文摘Soil CO 2 emission from an arable soil was measured by closed chamber method to quantify year round soil flux and to develop an equation to predict flux using soil temperature, dissolved organic carbon(DOC) and soil moisture content. Soil CO 2 flux, soil temperature, DOC and soil moisture content were determined on selected days during the experiment from August 1999 to July 2000, at the Ecological Station of Red Soil, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, in a subtropical region of China. Soil CO 2 fluxes were generally higher in summer and autumn than in winter and spring, and had a seasonal pattern more similar to soil temperature and DOC than soil moisture. The estimation was 2 23 kgCO 2/(m 2·a) for average annual soil CO 2 flux. Regressed separately, the reasons for soil flux variability were 86 6% from soil temperature, 58 8% from DOC, and 26 3% from soil moisture, respectively. Regressed jointly, a multiple equation was developed by the above three variables that explained approximately 85 2% of the flux variance, however by stepwise regression, soil temperature was the dominant affecting soil flux. Based on the exponential equation developed from soil temperature, the predicted annual flux was 2 49 kgCO 2/(m 2·a), and essentially equal to the measured one. It is suggested the exponential relationship between soil flux and soil temperature could be used for accurately predicting soil CO 2 flux from arable soil in subtropical regions of China.
基金Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41101080)Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Shandong(ZR2011QD009)+1 种基金Provincial College and University Science and Technology Plan of Shandong(J12LC04)Excellent Graduate Papers of Qingdao University Engagement Foundation(2013)
文摘Wetland ecosystem is an important part of the terrestrial ecosystem,and it plays a significant role in the global carbon cycle.The wetlands are also major sources of dissolved organic carbon(DOC).The studies on DOC flux in wetlands have focused on its relation with carbon cycle recently.It was reported that there have been significant spatial and temporal variations of DOC in the wetlands associated with sloughs,streams and rivers in boreal and sub-boreal hemisphere.Changes in DOC concentration and flux are considered to be related to a variety of factors affected by global climate change and human activities.The estimation of DOC concentration and flux from the terrestrial biosphere has been of great attention because of its importance for the status of carbon storage in the wetlands and the potential impact on global biogeochemical cycle.In this paper,it is discussed the sources,compositions and characteristics of DOC,furthermore reviewed the research methods and the influential factors as well as some estimated models of DOC flux.As a conclusion,some suggestions and prospects for the direction of the future study have been addressed.
