Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is caused by synaptic failure and the excessive accumulation of misfolded proteins especially Aβ and tau, and associated with memory loss and cognitive impairment. Treatment of AD mainly con...Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is caused by synaptic failure and the excessive accumulation of misfolded proteins especially Aβ and tau, and associated with memory loss and cognitive impairment. Treatment of AD mainly consists of symptomatic therapy and disease-modifying therapy (DMT). Several monotherapies including small molecules or antibodies have been evaluated through multiple clinical trials, but a very few have been approved by the USFDA to intervene the disease’s pathogenesis. Past research has shown multifactorial nature of AD, therefore, multi-target drugs were proposed to target different pathways at the same time, however, currently no rationally designed multi-target directed ligand (MTDL) has been clinically approved. Different combinations and bispecific antibodies are also under development. Novel approaches like stem cell-based therapies, microRNAs, peptides, ADCs and vaccines cast a new hope for AD treatment, however, a number of questions remained to be answered prior to their safe and effective clinical translation. This review explores the small molecules, MTDL, and antibodies (monospecific and bispecific) for the treatment of AD. Finally, future perspectives (stem cell therapy, PROTAC approaches, microRNAs, ADC, peptides and vaccines) are also discussed with regard to their clinical applications and feasibility.展开更多
文章从中国知网和Web of Science两大平台上分别获取国内外智慧教育的相关研究成果,采用高频词和突现词分析,对比了国内外智慧教育的研究热点;同时,文章基于动态主题模型(Dynamic Topic Model,DTM),对国内外智慧教育进行了主题识别与主...文章从中国知网和Web of Science两大平台上分别获取国内外智慧教育的相关研究成果,采用高频词和突现词分析,对比了国内外智慧教育的研究热点;同时,文章基于动态主题模型(Dynamic Topic Model,DTM),对国内外智慧教育进行了主题识别与主题演化趋势分析。结合热点和主题演进的研究结果,文章发现:国内智慧教育研究主题强调相关技术在课堂教学中的应用和对教学模式的理论创新,而国外偏重学习环境的构建与相关课程的开发;国内智慧教育研究主题的演化相对比较分散,而国外较好地体现了交叉性,其扩展性与实用性更强。此研究结论可为国内开展智慧教育研究提供有益参考,并有助于推动技术与教学的进一步融合。展开更多
文摘Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is caused by synaptic failure and the excessive accumulation of misfolded proteins especially Aβ and tau, and associated with memory loss and cognitive impairment. Treatment of AD mainly consists of symptomatic therapy and disease-modifying therapy (DMT). Several monotherapies including small molecules or antibodies have been evaluated through multiple clinical trials, but a very few have been approved by the USFDA to intervene the disease’s pathogenesis. Past research has shown multifactorial nature of AD, therefore, multi-target drugs were proposed to target different pathways at the same time, however, currently no rationally designed multi-target directed ligand (MTDL) has been clinically approved. Different combinations and bispecific antibodies are also under development. Novel approaches like stem cell-based therapies, microRNAs, peptides, ADCs and vaccines cast a new hope for AD treatment, however, a number of questions remained to be answered prior to their safe and effective clinical translation. This review explores the small molecules, MTDL, and antibodies (monospecific and bispecific) for the treatment of AD. Finally, future perspectives (stem cell therapy, PROTAC approaches, microRNAs, ADC, peptides and vaccines) are also discussed with regard to their clinical applications and feasibility.
文摘文章从中国知网和Web of Science两大平台上分别获取国内外智慧教育的相关研究成果,采用高频词和突现词分析,对比了国内外智慧教育的研究热点;同时,文章基于动态主题模型(Dynamic Topic Model,DTM),对国内外智慧教育进行了主题识别与主题演化趋势分析。结合热点和主题演进的研究结果,文章发现:国内智慧教育研究主题强调相关技术在课堂教学中的应用和对教学模式的理论创新,而国外偏重学习环境的构建与相关课程的开发;国内智慧教育研究主题的演化相对比较分散,而国外较好地体现了交叉性,其扩展性与实用性更强。此研究结论可为国内开展智慧教育研究提供有益参考,并有助于推动技术与教学的进一步融合。
