协作学习的设计一直是个理论难题,我们不清楚协作学习的具体方案何以具有目标—手段一致性以及那些设计要素何以会转化为令人满意的协作活动。与DBR(Design Based Research)不同,DCR(Design Centered Research)关注的是知识收获。文章在...协作学习的设计一直是个理论难题,我们不清楚协作学习的具体方案何以具有目标—手段一致性以及那些设计要素何以会转化为令人满意的协作活动。与DBR(Design Based Research)不同,DCR(Design Centered Research)关注的是知识收获。文章在DCR视野下,通过一项个案研究,初步确证了这样一组问题解决类协作学习的设计知识:(1)协作学习的设计方案由任务呈现、协作过程、成果呈现以及过程支架组成;(2)扩展的FC知识图不但可以用来设计问题,还可以用来设计协作过程的支架,是检查目标—手段一致性的重要工具。为了确证上述知识,本个案研究初次采用学习过程机制图来表征真实发生的协作过程。学习过程机制图主要用来判断协作学习方案中的那些设计要素是否转化为令人满意的协作活动。展开更多
This review aims to provide a concise overview of the trauma management evolution in the past decade. 1） Trauma care priorities have incorporated staff protection against infection and early decision making in additi...This review aims to provide a concise overview of the trauma management evolution in the past decade. 1） Trauma care priorities have incorporated staff protection against infection and early decision making in addition to the conventional ABCDE. 2） Five stratified levels for DAM have replaced the non-specific conventional Plans A ＆ B. 3） CT scanning can be the tunnel to death for the hemodynamically unstable patient. 4） DPL has virtually been replaced by the FAST USG. 5） Direct whole-body MDCT provides rapid imaging diagnosis ＆ expedites the definitive treatment but carries high radiation hazards. 6） The dynamic shock assessment by fluid resuscitation response provides more outcome-specific evaluation than the static blood volume loss model. 7） DCR comprising of permissive hypotension, hemostatic resuscitation ＆ DCS aims to overcome the lethal triad of trauma. Early transfusion of blood components of FFP ＆ platelet concentrates improves the outcome in massive blood transfusion. 8） DCS aims to rectify the deranged physiology and not to fully restore the damaged anatomy. 9） A pre-defined protocol for major pelvic fracture can be life-saving and the novel Pre-PPP （pre-peritoneal pelvic packing） may further reduce mortality coupled with the necessary TCAE. 10） Injury prevention is equally important if not more than the trauma resuscitation ＆ operation.展开更多
文摘协作学习的设计一直是个理论难题,我们不清楚协作学习的具体方案何以具有目标—手段一致性以及那些设计要素何以会转化为令人满意的协作活动。与DBR(Design Based Research)不同,DCR(Design Centered Research)关注的是知识收获。文章在DCR视野下,通过一项个案研究,初步确证了这样一组问题解决类协作学习的设计知识:(1)协作学习的设计方案由任务呈现、协作过程、成果呈现以及过程支架组成;(2)扩展的FC知识图不但可以用来设计问题,还可以用来设计协作过程的支架,是检查目标—手段一致性的重要工具。为了确证上述知识,本个案研究初次采用学习过程机制图来表征真实发生的协作过程。学习过程机制图主要用来判断协作学习方案中的那些设计要素是否转化为令人满意的协作活动。
文摘This review aims to provide a concise overview of the trauma management evolution in the past decade. 1） Trauma care priorities have incorporated staff protection against infection and early decision making in addition to the conventional ABCDE. 2） Five stratified levels for DAM have replaced the non-specific conventional Plans A ＆ B. 3） CT scanning can be the tunnel to death for the hemodynamically unstable patient. 4） DPL has virtually been replaced by the FAST USG. 5） Direct whole-body MDCT provides rapid imaging diagnosis ＆ expedites the definitive treatment but carries high radiation hazards. 6） The dynamic shock assessment by fluid resuscitation response provides more outcome-specific evaluation than the static blood volume loss model. 7） DCR comprising of permissive hypotension, hemostatic resuscitation ＆ DCS aims to overcome the lethal triad of trauma. Early transfusion of blood components of FFP ＆ platelet concentrates improves the outcome in massive blood transfusion. 8） DCS aims to rectify the deranged physiology and not to fully restore the damaged anatomy. 9） A pre-defined protocol for major pelvic fracture can be life-saving and the novel Pre-PPP （pre-peritoneal pelvic packing） may further reduce mortality coupled with the necessary TCAE. 10） Injury prevention is equally important if not more than the trauma resuscitation ＆ operation.
