在驻马店市的新坡村与和兴农场进行了小麦-玉米轮作制下的控释尿素与普通尿素用量试验,结果表明：在小麦玉米上均以控释尿素100%处理最好。小麦产量：新坡村与和兴农场的产量分别为7980和8290 kg hm-2;比同等用量的普通尿素增产855~1015...在驻马店市的新坡村与和兴农场进行了小麦-玉米轮作制下的控释尿素与普通尿素用量试验,结果表明：在小麦玉米上均以控释尿素100%处理最好。小麦产量：新坡村与和兴农场的产量分别为7980和8290 kg hm-2;比同等用量的普通尿素增产855~1015 kg hm-2,增产12.0%~14.0%,增产效果显著;小麦氮素利用率以控释尿素100%处理最高,分别为42.37%和46.02%;氮素用量相同时,在小麦上,控释尿素氮素利用率高于普通尿素氮素利用率。玉米产量为6665 kg hm-2和6375 kg hm-2,比同等用量的普通尿素增产335~500 kg hm-2,增产5.5%~8.1%,增产效果显著;控释尿素用量从50%,70%到100%时,小麦、玉米产量随氮肥用量增加而增加,普通尿素也呈现同样趋势,随尿素用量的增加小麦、玉米产量在增加;70%控释尿素与100%普通尿素处理5、0%控释尿素与70%普通尿素处理之间,产量差异不大,说明使用控释尿素用量比普通尿素用量减少1/3的纯氮量时,小麦、玉米作物产量并不下降。展开更多
Nitrification inhibitors can effectively decrease nitrification rates and nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)emission while increasing crop yield under certain conditions.However,there is no information available on the effects of ...Nitrification inhibitors can effectively decrease nitrification rates and nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)emission while increasing crop yield under certain conditions.However,there is no information available on the effects of nitrification inhibitors and tillage practices on N_(2)O emissions from maize cropping in Iran.To study how tillage practices and nitrapyrin(a nitrification inhibitor)affect N_(2)O emission,a split factorial experiment using a completely randomized block design with three replications was carried out in Northeast Iran,which has a cold semiarid climate.Two main plots were created with conventional tillage and minimum tillage levels,and two nitrogen(N)fertilizer(urea)management systems(with and without nitrapyrin application)were created as subplots.Tillage level did not have any significant effect on soil ammonium(NH_(4)^(+))and nitrate(NO_(3)^(-))concentrations,cumulative amount and yield-scaled N_(2)O emission,and aboveground biomass of maize,whereas nitrapyrin application showed significant effect.Nitrapyrin application significantly reduced the cumulative amount of N_(2)O emission by 41%and 32%in conventional tillage and minimum tillage practices,respectively.A reduction in soil NO_(3)^(-)concentration by nitrapyrin was also observed.The average yield-scaled N_(2)O emission was 13.6 g N_(2)O-N kg^(-1)N uptake in both tillage systems without nitrapyrin application and was significantly reduced to 7.9 and 8.2 g N_(2)O-N kg^(-1)N uptake upon the application of nitrapyrin in minimum tillage and conventional tillage practices,respectively.Additionally,nitrapyrin application increased maize biomass yield by 4%and 13%in the minimum tillage and conventional tillage systems,respectively.Our results indicate that nitrapyrin has a potential role in reducing N_(2)O emission from agricultural systems where urea fertilizers are broadcasted,which is common in Iran due to the practice of traditional farming.展开更多
文摘在驻马店市的新坡村与和兴农场进行了小麦-玉米轮作制下的控释尿素与普通尿素用量试验,结果表明：在小麦玉米上均以控释尿素100%处理最好。小麦产量：新坡村与和兴农场的产量分别为7980和8290 kg hm-2;比同等用量的普通尿素增产855~1015 kg hm-2,增产12.0%~14.0%,增产效果显著;小麦氮素利用率以控释尿素100%处理最高,分别为42.37%和46.02%;氮素用量相同时,在小麦上,控释尿素氮素利用率高于普通尿素氮素利用率。玉米产量为6665 kg hm-2和6375 kg hm-2,比同等用量的普通尿素增产335~500 kg hm-2,增产5.5%~8.1%,增产效果显著;控释尿素用量从50%,70%到100%时,小麦、玉米产量随氮肥用量增加而增加,普通尿素也呈现同样趋势,随尿素用量的增加小麦、玉米产量在增加;70%控释尿素与100%普通尿素处理5、0%控释尿素与70%普通尿素处理之间,产量差异不大,说明使用控释尿素用量比普通尿素用量减少1/3的纯氮量时,小麦、玉米作物产量并不下降。
基金funded by the International Atomic Energy Agency,Vienna,through the coordinated research project Minimizing Farming Impacts on Climate Change by Enhancing Carbon and Nitrogen Capture and Storage in AgroEcosystems(No.18595)of Soil and Water Management and Crop Nutrition Section,Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture,Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications,Vienna,Austria。
文摘Nitrification inhibitors can effectively decrease nitrification rates and nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)emission while increasing crop yield under certain conditions.However,there is no information available on the effects of nitrification inhibitors and tillage practices on N_(2)O emissions from maize cropping in Iran.To study how tillage practices and nitrapyrin(a nitrification inhibitor)affect N_(2)O emission,a split factorial experiment using a completely randomized block design with three replications was carried out in Northeast Iran,which has a cold semiarid climate.Two main plots were created with conventional tillage and minimum tillage levels,and two nitrogen(N)fertilizer(urea)management systems(with and without nitrapyrin application)were created as subplots.Tillage level did not have any significant effect on soil ammonium(NH_(4)^(+))and nitrate(NO_(3)^(-))concentrations,cumulative amount and yield-scaled N_(2)O emission,and aboveground biomass of maize,whereas nitrapyrin application showed significant effect.Nitrapyrin application significantly reduced the cumulative amount of N_(2)O emission by 41%and 32%in conventional tillage and minimum tillage practices,respectively.A reduction in soil NO_(3)^(-)concentration by nitrapyrin was also observed.The average yield-scaled N_(2)O emission was 13.6 g N_(2)O-N kg^(-1)N uptake in both tillage systems without nitrapyrin application and was significantly reduced to 7.9 and 8.2 g N_(2)O-N kg^(-1)N uptake upon the application of nitrapyrin in minimum tillage and conventional tillage practices,respectively.Additionally,nitrapyrin application increased maize biomass yield by 4%and 13%in the minimum tillage and conventional tillage systems,respectively.Our results indicate that nitrapyrin has a potential role in reducing N_(2)O emission from agricultural systems where urea fertilizers are broadcasted,which is common in Iran due to the practice of traditional farming.
