A consumable aided tungsten indirect arc welding method has been studied. This method is different from the traditional TIG welding because it introduces an MIG welding torch into the traditional TIG welding system. A...A consumable aided tungsten indirect arc welding method has been studied. This method is different from the traditional TIG welding because it introduces an MIG welding torch into the traditional TIG welding system. An indirect arc is generated between the consumable electrode of the MlG welding torch and the tungsten electrode of the TIG welding torch, but not generated between the tungsten electrode of the welding torch and the base metal. Welding current flows from the consumable electrode to the tungsten electrode in the free-burning indirect are. The consumable aided tungsten indirect arc welding not only rapidly melts the welding wire but also effectively restrains the excessive fusion of the base metal. The welding experiment and the theoretical analysis confirm that this method can obtain a high deposition rate and a low dilution ratio during the welding process.展开更多
The issue of water scarcity highlights the importance of watershed management. A sound watershed manage- ment should make all water users share the incurred cost. This study analyzes the optimal allocation of watershe...The issue of water scarcity highlights the importance of watershed management. A sound watershed manage- ment should make all water users share the incurred cost. This study analyzes the optimal allocation of watershed management cost among different water users. As a consumable, water should be allocated to different users the amounts in which their marginal utilities (MUs) or marginal products (MPs) of water are equal. The value of MUs or MPs equals the water price that the watershed manager charges. When water is simultaneously used as consumable and non- consumable, the watershed manager produces the quantity of water in which the sum of MUs and/or MPs for the two types of uses equals the marginal cost of water production. Each water user should share the portion of watershed management cost in the percentage that his MU or MP accounts for the sum of MUs and/or MPs. Thus, the price of consumable water does not equal the marginal cost of water production even if there is no public good.展开更多
目的机采血小板献血过程结束后,所用耗材管路中会有部分残余的血液无法完全回输给献血者导致浪费。文章旨在探索一种安全、简便的操作方法,尽可能减少献血者失血。方法随机抽取10名无偿机采血小板献血者,选用FENWAL血细胞分离机单针血...目的机采血小板献血过程结束后,所用耗材管路中会有部分残余的血液无法完全回输给献血者导致浪费。文章旨在探索一种安全、简便的操作方法,尽可能减少献血者失血。方法随机抽取10名无偿机采血小板献血者,选用FENWAL血细胞分离机单针血小板采集程序,按照血细胞分离机操作手册进行血小板采集,在机器执行最后一步还输程序的抽吸时将空气陷阱倒立,并且在还输程序结束后将盐水管路和返血管路脱离各自的管路夹,通过重力的作用还输,对返血管路、空气陷阱、管路耗材残余血液分别进行细胞计数。结果管路耗材最终留有稀释血液(84.68±4.38) m L,其中含有相当于(42.06±4.08) m L全血中的红细胞,以及(214.37±68.09) m L全血中的白细胞。空气陷阱留有(11.98±3.27) m L[相当于(8.32±2.52) m L全血中的红细胞,以及(58.97±24.57) m L全血中的白细胞]血液;返血管路留有20m L[相当于(11.18±1.18) m L全血中的红细胞,以及(80.74±30.89) m L全血中的白细胞]血液,将空气陷阱和返血管路留有的血液通过改进操作方法还输至献血者体内。结论空气陷阱和返血管路中残留的血液可还输到献血者体内,为无偿献血事业的健康发展提供技术支持。展开更多
The influence of electrolyte composition and temperature. cathodie current density as well as someadditives on preparation process of alloy Cu-Sr by molten salt electrolysis with consumable cathode was stu-died in lab...The influence of electrolyte composition and temperature. cathodie current density as well as someadditives on preparation process of alloy Cu-Sr by molten salt electrolysis with consumable cathode was stu-died in laboratory. Under optimum conditions determined experimentally. the current efficiency amountedto 70% and the master alloy contained 61% Sr After vacuum distillation or the cathodic product, metallicSr of 98% purity was obtained.展开更多
The Resin Infusion or the VARTM (Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding) process has significant potential to be used to manufacture curved composites. Another way to produce curved or complex geometry is to use 3D pr...The Resin Infusion or the VARTM (Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding) process has significant potential to be used to manufacture curved composites. Another way to produce curved or complex geometry is to use 3D printers. 3D or FDM (Fused Deposition Modelling) printers are now being used to produce relatively cheaper curved parts using thermoplastics such as PLA. However, the strength and mechanical performance of these parts is limited and can be enhanced if the polymer is reinforced with a type of fiber for instance. Research is being carried out to produce fiber rein-forced thermoplastic composites but that process is expected to be more expensive than the alternative methods such as injection or compression molding. Furthermore, to understand the manufacture of a hybrid composite using thermoplastics, fibers and epoxy resin, research and investigation need to be carried out. In this research</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, there are</span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> single-sided, double-sided, reusable, disposable and consumable molds. Most of the molds were created either using an FDM printer or manually. These molds were then used to manufacture flat and curved composite structures via the resin injection process, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">i.e.</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> VARTM with epoxy resin system and glass/carbon/flax fiber reinforcement. By replacing the costly metallic molds by significantly cheaper molds, the cost of production was expected to further reduce. Furthermore, using double-sided PLA molds was not expected to be a threat to the overall cost of the composite part in question compared to double-sided matched molds used in compression molding. Shear strength, tensile strength and charpy impact str展开更多
The effect of smelting processes on mechanical properties and microstructure of reduced activation ferritic steels was studied.Creep properties and impact toughness of reduced activation ferritic steels were obviously...The effect of smelting processes on mechanical properties and microstructure of reduced activation ferritic steels was studied.Creep properties and impact toughness of reduced activation ferritic steels were obviously improved by vacuum induction melting followed by consumable electrode remelting process in comparison with the conventional vacuum induction melting process.The difference of impact toughness and creep properties between both steels mainly depended on the aspect ratio and mean size of precipitates.Decreasing the aspect ratio of carbides makes development of a shear band more difficult , which could increase impact energy and creep resistance.展开更多
Types of bimetal clad plate, manufacturing methods, and their fields of application were summarized. In particular,key aspects of the welding of clad-rolled stainless steel were described, including the weldability of...Types of bimetal clad plate, manufacturing methods, and their fields of application were summarized. In particular,key aspects of the welding of clad-rolled stainless steel were described, including the weldability of the base and clad metals, design criteria for the transition layer, the selection of the type of welding process and consumables used, types of blanking and welding bevels, preparation and assembly prior to welding, welding procedure requirements, post-weld cleaning and heat treatment, and welding quality inspection. This paper will serve as a reference for the welding technology used in future consumer applications in related fields.展开更多
文摘A consumable aided tungsten indirect arc welding method has been studied. This method is different from the traditional TIG welding because it introduces an MIG welding torch into the traditional TIG welding system. An indirect arc is generated between the consumable electrode of the MlG welding torch and the tungsten electrode of the TIG welding torch, but not generated between the tungsten electrode of the welding torch and the base metal. Welding current flows from the consumable electrode to the tungsten electrode in the free-burning indirect are. The consumable aided tungsten indirect arc welding not only rapidly melts the welding wire but also effectively restrains the excessive fusion of the base metal. The welding experiment and the theoretical analysis confirm that this method can obtain a high deposition rate and a low dilution ratio during the welding process.
文摘The issue of water scarcity highlights the importance of watershed management. A sound watershed manage- ment should make all water users share the incurred cost. This study analyzes the optimal allocation of watershed management cost among different water users. As a consumable, water should be allocated to different users the amounts in which their marginal utilities (MUs) or marginal products (MPs) of water are equal. The value of MUs or MPs equals the water price that the watershed manager charges. When water is simultaneously used as consumable and non- consumable, the watershed manager produces the quantity of water in which the sum of MUs and/or MPs for the two types of uses equals the marginal cost of water production. Each water user should share the portion of watershed management cost in the percentage that his MU or MP accounts for the sum of MUs and/or MPs. Thus, the price of consumable water does not equal the marginal cost of water production even if there is no public good.
文摘目的机采血小板献血过程结束后,所用耗材管路中会有部分残余的血液无法完全回输给献血者导致浪费。文章旨在探索一种安全、简便的操作方法,尽可能减少献血者失血。方法随机抽取10名无偿机采血小板献血者,选用FENWAL血细胞分离机单针血小板采集程序,按照血细胞分离机操作手册进行血小板采集,在机器执行最后一步还输程序的抽吸时将空气陷阱倒立,并且在还输程序结束后将盐水管路和返血管路脱离各自的管路夹,通过重力的作用还输,对返血管路、空气陷阱、管路耗材残余血液分别进行细胞计数。结果管路耗材最终留有稀释血液(84.68±4.38) m L,其中含有相当于(42.06±4.08) m L全血中的红细胞,以及(214.37±68.09) m L全血中的白细胞。空气陷阱留有(11.98±3.27) m L[相当于(8.32±2.52) m L全血中的红细胞,以及(58.97±24.57) m L全血中的白细胞]血液;返血管路留有20m L[相当于(11.18±1.18) m L全血中的红细胞,以及(80.74±30.89) m L全血中的白细胞]血液,将空气陷阱和返血管路留有的血液通过改进操作方法还输至献血者体内。结论空气陷阱和返血管路中残留的血液可还输到献血者体内,为无偿献血事业的健康发展提供技术支持。
文摘The influence of electrolyte composition and temperature. cathodie current density as well as someadditives on preparation process of alloy Cu-Sr by molten salt electrolysis with consumable cathode was stu-died in laboratory. Under optimum conditions determined experimentally. the current efficiency amountedto 70% and the master alloy contained 61% Sr After vacuum distillation or the cathodic product, metallicSr of 98% purity was obtained.
文摘The Resin Infusion or the VARTM (Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding) process has significant potential to be used to manufacture curved composites. Another way to produce curved or complex geometry is to use 3D printers. 3D or FDM (Fused Deposition Modelling) printers are now being used to produce relatively cheaper curved parts using thermoplastics such as PLA. However, the strength and mechanical performance of these parts is limited and can be enhanced if the polymer is reinforced with a type of fiber for instance. Research is being carried out to produce fiber rein-forced thermoplastic composites but that process is expected to be more expensive than the alternative methods such as injection or compression molding. Furthermore, to understand the manufacture of a hybrid composite using thermoplastics, fibers and epoxy resin, research and investigation need to be carried out. In this research</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, there are</span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> single-sided, double-sided, reusable, disposable and consumable molds. Most of the molds were created either using an FDM printer or manually. These molds were then used to manufacture flat and curved composite structures via the resin injection process, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">i.e.</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> VARTM with epoxy resin system and glass/carbon/flax fiber reinforcement. By replacing the costly metallic molds by significantly cheaper molds, the cost of production was expected to further reduce. Furthermore, using double-sided PLA molds was not expected to be a threat to the overall cost of the composite part in question compared to double-sided matched molds used in compression molding. Shear strength, tensile strength and charpy impact str
基金Item Sponsored by National Basic Research Program of China ( 2011GB108006 )National Natural Science Foundation of China ( 51071090 )
文摘The effect of smelting processes on mechanical properties and microstructure of reduced activation ferritic steels was studied.Creep properties and impact toughness of reduced activation ferritic steels were obviously improved by vacuum induction melting followed by consumable electrode remelting process in comparison with the conventional vacuum induction melting process.The difference of impact toughness and creep properties between both steels mainly depended on the aspect ratio and mean size of precipitates.Decreasing the aspect ratio of carbides makes development of a shear band more difficult , which could increase impact energy and creep resistance.
文摘Types of bimetal clad plate, manufacturing methods, and their fields of application were summarized. In particular,key aspects of the welding of clad-rolled stainless steel were described, including the weldability of the base and clad metals, design criteria for the transition layer, the selection of the type of welding process and consumables used, types of blanking and welding bevels, preparation and assembly prior to welding, welding procedure requirements, post-weld cleaning and heat treatment, and welding quality inspection. This paper will serve as a reference for the welding technology used in future consumer applications in related fields.
