Fruit and leaf shoot of litchi （Litchi chinensis） infestation by naturally occurring populations of the fruit bprer, Conopomorpha sinensis larvae and C. sinensis parasitization rates were determined in litchi orchar...Fruit and leaf shoot of litchi （Litchi chinensis） infestation by naturally occurring populations of the fruit bprer, Conopomorpha sinensis larvae and C. sinensis parasitization rates were determined in litchi orchards in northern Thailand at high （ca. 1 400 m ASL） and low （ca. 800 m ASL） elevations with different, non-overlapping fruiting seasons. In addition, spray applications of Bacillus thuringiensis var. aizawai, the natural compound spinosad and the chemical pesticide imidacloprid were conducted in the field to test the effects of these agents on C. sinensis fruit infestation rate. Fruit infestation rate and fruit growth, studied in a low elevation orchard, were sigmoidal and showed a highly significant positive correlation （P ≤ 0.01）. Leaf shoot infestation rate in the low elevation orchard decreased in the course of the fruiting season （March until May）, but increased in the high elevation orchard, where no fruits were present within the same period of time. Together, these results indicate that females of C. sinensis clearly prefer fruits over shoots for oviposition. If no fruits are available, which was the case in the high elevation orchard during that time, they are constrained to lay their eggs on shoots. The parasitization rate of C. sinensis larvae in untreated fruits was 54.3%. The parasitoid species were Chelonus chailini （90.8%） and Phanerotoma sp. （9.2%）. In the leaf shoots, C. sinensis was found to be parasitized by Phanerotoma sp. and Apanteles briareus. The applications of the different active agents had no significant effect on C. sinensis fruit infestation compared to the untreated control. Besides the cryptic life of the larvae, this is most probably explained by the fact that C. sinensis has several generations during the fruiting season. Because of the high parasitization rates recorded, an alternative and more effective control measure than the application of pesticides might be the augmentative release of parasitoids.展开更多
Conopomorpha sinensis is the dominant borer pest of Litchi chinensis(litchi)and Euphoria longan(longan)in China.Control of C.sinensis is difficult because of its cryptic life habit;thus,an effective ovicide could be b...Conopomorpha sinensis is the dominant borer pest of Litchi chinensis(litchi)and Euphoria longan(longan)in China.Control of C.sinensis is difficult because of its cryptic life habit;thus,an effective ovicide could be beneficial.The larvicidal effects of diflubenzuron(DFB)have been documented in many insect pest species.Therefore,DFB might be a useful ovicide to control C.sinensis.However,the detailed mode of action of DFB interference with insect molting and egg hatching is unclear.Thus,we studied alterations in expression of all genes potentially affected by DFB treatment using a transcriptome approach in 2-d-old C.sinensis eggs.Clean reads were assembled to generate 203455 unigenes and 440558 transcripts.A total of 4625 differently expressed genes,which included 2670 up-regulated and 1955 down-regulated unigenes,were identified.Chitin binding and chitin metabolic processes were among the most significant enriched pathways according to Gene Ontology analyses.Most of the genes that encode enzymes involved in the chitin biosynthesis pathway were unaffected,whereas genes that presumably encode cuticle proteins were up-regulated.Furthermore,altered expression patterns of 10 genes involved in the chitin biosynthesis pathway of C.sinensis embryos were observed in response to DFB treatment at different time points by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.We also observed abnormal development;there was reduced chitin content and modulated chitin distribution of newly hatched larvae,and altered egg hatching.Our findings illustrate an ovicidal effect of DFB on C.sinensis,and reveal more molecular consequences of DFB treatment on insects.展开更多
【目的】客观呈现国内外荔枝蒂蛀虫的研究现状,分析总结其研究的重点与薄弱所在,为荔枝蒂蛀虫科研工作者与决策者提供数据参考。【方法】基于《中国知网》和Web of Scienc(eWOS)平台,通过文献计量学的方法分析荔枝蒂蛀虫文献数量、年代...【目的】客观呈现国内外荔枝蒂蛀虫的研究现状,分析总结其研究的重点与薄弱所在,为荔枝蒂蛀虫科研工作者与决策者提供数据参考。【方法】基于《中国知网》和Web of Scienc(eWOS)平台,通过文献计量学的方法分析荔枝蒂蛀虫文献数量、年代分布、国家、著者信息、出版刊物及研究内容等信息,并采用CiteSpace V可视化软件进行作者聚簇、关键词共现和研究热点分析。【结果】《中国知网》数据库中检索出科技文献115篇,研究机构58个,发文作者78位,来源期刊55种;WOS(SCI-expanded和CABI)数据库共检索出中国、马来西亚、印度、越南、菲律宾和德国6个国家12个研究机构的26名作者在24种刊物上发表的39篇文献。研究内容涵盖荔枝蒂蛀虫生物学、预测预报、防治技术、生理生化等方面;研究热点有荔枝蒂蛀虫的种群生命表、预测预报、防治技术、寄主植物和产卵选择性、性信息素、组织超微结构以及天敌防治。【结论】中国在荔枝蒂蛀虫研究领域占据了绝对优势,研究机构聚集在华南荔枝、龙眼主产区,研究者众多,研究内容广泛但不够深入;高产活跃作者群基本形成了高校以梁广文和江世宏为主导、科研院所由陈炳旭领衔的两大研究群体。但欠缺长期稳定深入研究的科研团队,高产活跃作者群不够聚集,核心作者数量及所发论文质量不是很高;高产机构少;国内和国际上研究成果极不均衡。展开更多
测定了荔枝蒂蛀虫Conopom orpha sinensisB rad ley交配前后的雌雄虫对荔枝果肉、荔枝果皮的水蒸气提取物、荔枝嫩梢和龙眼嫩梢的正已烷提取物的触角电生理活性.结果表明,荔枝蒂蛀虫的触角电生理活性随提取物种类不同和该虫的交配前后...测定了荔枝蒂蛀虫Conopom orpha sinensisB rad ley交配前后的雌雄虫对荔枝果肉、荔枝果皮的水蒸气提取物、荔枝嫩梢和龙眼嫩梢的正已烷提取物的触角电生理活性.结果表明,荔枝蒂蛀虫的触角电生理活性随提取物种类不同和该虫的交配前后的不同而差异显著,交配前的荔枝蒂蛀虫对各提取物的反应差异不显著,而交配后荔枝皮提取物对雌虫的活性最大;荔枝皮和嫩梢的提取物体积混合比不同,触角的电生理活性也不同,以荔枝皮和荔枝嫩梢的提取物按体积比4∶2混合后活性最大;在不同时间段,触角电生理活性变化明显,在23时到凌晨1时之间呈现高峰期.展开更多
文摘Fruit and leaf shoot of litchi （Litchi chinensis） infestation by naturally occurring populations of the fruit bprer, Conopomorpha sinensis larvae and C. sinensis parasitization rates were determined in litchi orchards in northern Thailand at high （ca. 1 400 m ASL） and low （ca. 800 m ASL） elevations with different, non-overlapping fruiting seasons. In addition, spray applications of Bacillus thuringiensis var. aizawai, the natural compound spinosad and the chemical pesticide imidacloprid were conducted in the field to test the effects of these agents on C. sinensis fruit infestation rate. Fruit infestation rate and fruit growth, studied in a low elevation orchard, were sigmoidal and showed a highly significant positive correlation （P ≤ 0.01）. Leaf shoot infestation rate in the low elevation orchard decreased in the course of the fruiting season （March until May）, but increased in the high elevation orchard, where no fruits were present within the same period of time. Together, these results indicate that females of C. sinensis clearly prefer fruits over shoots for oviposition. If no fruits are available, which was the case in the high elevation orchard during that time, they are constrained to lay their eggs on shoots. The parasitization rate of C. sinensis larvae in untreated fruits was 54.3%. The parasitoid species were Chelonus chailini （90.8%） and Phanerotoma sp. （9.2%）. In the leaf shoots, C. sinensis was found to be parasitized by Phanerotoma sp. and Apanteles briareus. The applications of the different active agents had no significant effect on C. sinensis fruit infestation compared to the untreated control. Besides the cryptic life of the larvae, this is most probably explained by the fact that C. sinensis has several generations during the fruiting season. Because of the high parasitization rates recorded, an alternative and more effective control measure than the application of pesticides might be the augmentative release of parasitoids.
基金This study received financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31801800)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2020A151501960)+1 种基金Special fund for scientific innovation strategy-construction of high level Academy of Agriculture Science(R2019PY-QY001)Research System Foundation of Litchi and Longan in China(CARS-32-12).
文摘Conopomorpha sinensis is the dominant borer pest of Litchi chinensis(litchi)and Euphoria longan(longan)in China.Control of C.sinensis is difficult because of its cryptic life habit;thus,an effective ovicide could be beneficial.The larvicidal effects of diflubenzuron(DFB)have been documented in many insect pest species.Therefore,DFB might be a useful ovicide to control C.sinensis.However,the detailed mode of action of DFB interference with insect molting and egg hatching is unclear.Thus,we studied alterations in expression of all genes potentially affected by DFB treatment using a transcriptome approach in 2-d-old C.sinensis eggs.Clean reads were assembled to generate 203455 unigenes and 440558 transcripts.A total of 4625 differently expressed genes,which included 2670 up-regulated and 1955 down-regulated unigenes,were identified.Chitin binding and chitin metabolic processes were among the most significant enriched pathways according to Gene Ontology analyses.Most of the genes that encode enzymes involved in the chitin biosynthesis pathway were unaffected,whereas genes that presumably encode cuticle proteins were up-regulated.Furthermore,altered expression patterns of 10 genes involved in the chitin biosynthesis pathway of C.sinensis embryos were observed in response to DFB treatment at different time points by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.We also observed abnormal development;there was reduced chitin content and modulated chitin distribution of newly hatched larvae,and altered egg hatching.Our findings illustrate an ovicidal effect of DFB on C.sinensis,and reveal more molecular consequences of DFB treatment on insects.
文摘【目的】客观呈现国内外荔枝蒂蛀虫的研究现状,分析总结其研究的重点与薄弱所在,为荔枝蒂蛀虫科研工作者与决策者提供数据参考。【方法】基于《中国知网》和Web of Scienc(eWOS)平台,通过文献计量学的方法分析荔枝蒂蛀虫文献数量、年代分布、国家、著者信息、出版刊物及研究内容等信息,并采用CiteSpace V可视化软件进行作者聚簇、关键词共现和研究热点分析。【结果】《中国知网》数据库中检索出科技文献115篇,研究机构58个,发文作者78位,来源期刊55种;WOS(SCI-expanded和CABI)数据库共检索出中国、马来西亚、印度、越南、菲律宾和德国6个国家12个研究机构的26名作者在24种刊物上发表的39篇文献。研究内容涵盖荔枝蒂蛀虫生物学、预测预报、防治技术、生理生化等方面;研究热点有荔枝蒂蛀虫的种群生命表、预测预报、防治技术、寄主植物和产卵选择性、性信息素、组织超微结构以及天敌防治。【结论】中国在荔枝蒂蛀虫研究领域占据了绝对优势,研究机构聚集在华南荔枝、龙眼主产区,研究者众多,研究内容广泛但不够深入;高产活跃作者群基本形成了高校以梁广文和江世宏为主导、科研院所由陈炳旭领衔的两大研究群体。但欠缺长期稳定深入研究的科研团队,高产活跃作者群不够聚集,核心作者数量及所发论文质量不是很高;高产机构少;国内和国际上研究成果极不均衡。
文摘测定了荔枝蒂蛀虫Conopom orpha sinensisB rad ley交配前后的雌雄虫对荔枝果肉、荔枝果皮的水蒸气提取物、荔枝嫩梢和龙眼嫩梢的正已烷提取物的触角电生理活性.结果表明,荔枝蒂蛀虫的触角电生理活性随提取物种类不同和该虫的交配前后的不同而差异显著,交配前的荔枝蒂蛀虫对各提取物的反应差异不显著,而交配后荔枝皮提取物对雌虫的活性最大;荔枝皮和嫩梢的提取物体积混合比不同,触角的电生理活性也不同,以荔枝皮和荔枝嫩梢的提取物按体积比4∶2混合后活性最大;在不同时间段,触角电生理活性变化明显,在23时到凌晨1时之间呈现高峰期.
