The present paper develops a novel way of reducing a protein sequence of any length to a real symmetric condensed 20 × 20 matrix. This condensed matrix can be nicely applied as a protein sequence descriptor. In f...The present paper develops a novel way of reducing a protein sequence of any length to a real symmetric condensed 20 × 20 matrix. This condensed matrix can be nicely applied as a protein sequence descriptor. In fact, with such a condensed representation, comparison of two protein sequences is reduced to a comparison of two such 20 × 20 matrices. As each square matrix has a unique Alley Index/normalized Alley Index, such index is conveniently used in getting distance matrix to construct Phylogenetic trees of different protein sequences. Finally protein sequence comparison is made based on these Phylogenetic trees. In this paper three types viz., NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 (ND3), subunit 4 (ND4) and subunit 5 (ND5) of protein sequences of nine species, Human, Gorilla, Common Chimpanzee, Pygmy Chimpanzee, Fin Whale, Blue Whale, Rat, Mouse and Opossum are used for comparison.展开更多
This work investigates the physico-chemical and mechanical properties of tannins extracted from wood for composite materials manufacturing. Sustainable knowledge (in terms of physico-chemical properties and behaviours...This work investigates the physico-chemical and mechanical properties of tannins extracted from wood for composite materials manufacturing. Sustainable knowledge (in terms of physico-chemical properties and behaviours) of the material is needed to further enhance its applications. The condensed tannins extracted from the Bark of Ficus platyphylla (BFP) and the Bark of Vitellaria paradoxa (BVP) were analyzed using Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-Of-Flight (MALDI-TOF), Mass Spectroscopy and Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Mid-InfraRed (ATR-FT MIR) spectra in the ranges 1800 cm-1 and 600 cm-1, as well as using CP MAS 13C-NMR. It was found that, these two tannins are procyanidin/prodelphinidin and made up of catechin/epicatechin, gallocatechin/epigallocatechin units, fisetinidin, galloyl and carbohydrates residues. Furthermore, BFP and BVP tannin bonded particleboard densities lie in the range recommended by NF EN 326-1994 standard. The resins also yielded good internal bond strength results of the panels, above relevant international standard specifications minimum requirements for interior-grade panels. The Transmission Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy Analysis (TEM/ EDXA) are showing the ultrastructure and reveal that most of the resin material appears to be in an amorphous phase mainly composed of carbon/oxygen with small amounts of K, Ca and Mg. These particles have a very irregular morphology.展开更多
传统电压控制区域(Voltage Control Area,VCA)划分中,先进行负荷节点分区,后利用灵敏度方法实现人工PV节点归并的过程较为繁复,为此文中提出了一种包含无功源节点的快速VCA划分方法。该方法通过节点类型转变的思想,在传统负荷节点的灵...传统电压控制区域(Voltage Control Area,VCA)划分中,先进行负荷节点分区,后利用灵敏度方法实现人工PV节点归并的过程较为繁复,为此文中提出了一种包含无功源节点的快速VCA划分方法。该方法通过节点类型转变的思想,在传统负荷节点的灵敏度矩阵中加入无功源节点的灵敏度元素,从而构建全维灵敏度矩阵;在考虑雅可比子矩阵中功率和电压弱耦合关系的基础上,对传统灵敏度矩阵结构进行修改,更准确地体现了节点之间电气联系的紧密程度,增强了分区结果的合理性;通过凝聚的层次聚类方法得到了包含无功源节点的全网分区结果。文中所提新方法简化了分区的计算步骤,在实现无功源节点与负荷节点同步分区的同时优化了传统PV节点的归并过程。通过对IEEE9节点、IEEE39节点系统的仿真实验,佐证了所提分区方法的有效性。展开更多
A cell model to describe and optimize heat and mass transfer in contact heat exchangers for utilization of exhaust gases heat is proposed. The model is based on the theory of Markov chains and allows calculating heat ...A cell model to describe and optimize heat and mass transfer in contact heat exchangers for utilization of exhaust gases heat is proposed. The model is based on the theory of Markov chains and allows calculating heat and mass transfer at local moving force of the processes in each cell. The total process is presented as two parallel chains of cells (one for water flow and one for gas flow). The corresponding cells of the chains can exchange heat and mass, and water and gas can travel along their chains according to their transition ma-trices. The results of numerical experiments showed that the most part of heat transfer occurs due to moisture condensation from gas and the most intense heat transfer goes near the inlet of gas. Experimental validation of the model showed a good correlation between calculated and experimental data for an industrial contact heat exchanger if appropriate empirical equations were used to calculate heat and mass transfer coefficient. It was also shown that there exists the optimum height of heat exchanger that gave the maximum gain in heat energy utilization.展开更多
文摘The present paper develops a novel way of reducing a protein sequence of any length to a real symmetric condensed 20 × 20 matrix. This condensed matrix can be nicely applied as a protein sequence descriptor. In fact, with such a condensed representation, comparison of two protein sequences is reduced to a comparison of two such 20 × 20 matrices. As each square matrix has a unique Alley Index/normalized Alley Index, such index is conveniently used in getting distance matrix to construct Phylogenetic trees of different protein sequences. Finally protein sequence comparison is made based on these Phylogenetic trees. In this paper three types viz., NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 (ND3), subunit 4 (ND4) and subunit 5 (ND5) of protein sequences of nine species, Human, Gorilla, Common Chimpanzee, Pygmy Chimpanzee, Fin Whale, Blue Whale, Rat, Mouse and Opossum are used for comparison.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaSpecialized Research Fund for the DoctoralProgram of High Eduction+1 种基金Science and Technology Foundation of Shanghai Shanghai Higher Eduction Project(03DZ04)
文摘证明了一类约束矩阵方程 WAWXWBW = D, R(X) ? R[(AW)k1], N(X) ? N[(WB)k?2]有唯一解并给出其解的Cramer法则,其中A ∈ Cm , W ∈ Cn ×n ×m , Ind(AW) = k1, Ind(BW) =k?1, B ∈ Cp , W ∈ Cq , Ind(WA) = k2, Ind(WB) = k?2, and D ∈ Cn , R(D) ? ×pR[(WA)k2], N(D) ? N[(BW)k?1].
文摘This work investigates the physico-chemical and mechanical properties of tannins extracted from wood for composite materials manufacturing. Sustainable knowledge (in terms of physico-chemical properties and behaviours) of the material is needed to further enhance its applications. The condensed tannins extracted from the Bark of Ficus platyphylla (BFP) and the Bark of Vitellaria paradoxa (BVP) were analyzed using Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-Of-Flight (MALDI-TOF), Mass Spectroscopy and Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Mid-InfraRed (ATR-FT MIR) spectra in the ranges 1800 cm-1 and 600 cm-1, as well as using CP MAS 13C-NMR. It was found that, these two tannins are procyanidin/prodelphinidin and made up of catechin/epicatechin, gallocatechin/epigallocatechin units, fisetinidin, galloyl and carbohydrates residues. Furthermore, BFP and BVP tannin bonded particleboard densities lie in the range recommended by NF EN 326-1994 standard. The resins also yielded good internal bond strength results of the panels, above relevant international standard specifications minimum requirements for interior-grade panels. The Transmission Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy Analysis (TEM/ EDXA) are showing the ultrastructure and reveal that most of the resin material appears to be in an amorphous phase mainly composed of carbon/oxygen with small amounts of K, Ca and Mg. These particles have a very irregular morphology.
文摘传统电压控制区域(Voltage Control Area,VCA)划分中,先进行负荷节点分区,后利用灵敏度方法实现人工PV节点归并的过程较为繁复,为此文中提出了一种包含无功源节点的快速VCA划分方法。该方法通过节点类型转变的思想,在传统负荷节点的灵敏度矩阵中加入无功源节点的灵敏度元素,从而构建全维灵敏度矩阵;在考虑雅可比子矩阵中功率和电压弱耦合关系的基础上,对传统灵敏度矩阵结构进行修改,更准确地体现了节点之间电气联系的紧密程度,增强了分区结果的合理性;通过凝聚的层次聚类方法得到了包含无功源节点的全网分区结果。文中所提新方法简化了分区的计算步骤,在实现无功源节点与负荷节点同步分区的同时优化了传统PV节点的归并过程。通过对IEEE9节点、IEEE39节点系统的仿真实验,佐证了所提分区方法的有效性。
文摘A cell model to describe and optimize heat and mass transfer in contact heat exchangers for utilization of exhaust gases heat is proposed. The model is based on the theory of Markov chains and allows calculating heat and mass transfer at local moving force of the processes in each cell. The total process is presented as two parallel chains of cells (one for water flow and one for gas flow). The corresponding cells of the chains can exchange heat and mass, and water and gas can travel along their chains according to their transition ma-trices. The results of numerical experiments showed that the most part of heat transfer occurs due to moisture condensation from gas and the most intense heat transfer goes near the inlet of gas. Experimental validation of the model showed a good correlation between calculated and experimental data for an industrial contact heat exchanger if appropriate empirical equations were used to calculate heat and mass transfer coefficient. It was also shown that there exists the optimum height of heat exchanger that gave the maximum gain in heat energy utilization.
