The condensates are generally characterized by high maturity,low concentration of steranes and ter-panes biomarkers and low content of non-hydrocarbon fraction. In this case commonly used steranes,terpanes and carbazo...The condensates are generally characterized by high maturity,low concentration of steranes and ter-panes biomarkers and low content of non-hydrocarbon fraction. In this case commonly used steranes,terpanes and carbazoles parameters cannot be effectively applied in the reservoir-filling tracing. The hydrogen bond formed by sulfur atom in the dibenzothiophenes (DBTs) results in molecule adsorption and fractionation during oil migration in reservoir. Like carbazoles,total DBTs content decreases with the increasing of oil migration distance. Therefore,a new parameter——total DBTs content is proposed to be used to trace the oil migration orientation and filling pathway. In present study,total DBTs con-tents of condensates and light oils are obtained by adding internal standard——eight deuterium atoms substituted DBT during Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analysis of aromatic fraction. Except for a few samples with much lower content of non-hydrocarbon fraction,the total DBTs content shows a fine positive correlation with that of carbazoles. Large errors can be caused in the process of pyrrolic nitrogen compounds separation. The application of this new parameter in the Fushan Depression of Beibu Gulf Basin,South China Sea indicates that this parameter is a reliable one to trace filling pathway in condensate reservoirs. Combined with other DBTs-related parameters,such as 4-/1-methydibenzo-thiophene and 2,4-/1,4-dimethyldibenzothiophene,oil migration orientation and filling pathway of the Fushan Depression was determined. The accumulations of Huachang oil field in the Fushan Depres-sion are mainly migrated and charged from northeast to southeast along the Huachang uplift. It can be predicated that the light oil and condensates in the Huachang oil field should be sourced from the source kitchen at the Bailian Sag. It shows that total DBTs content is an effective parameter to tracing oil migration orientation and filling pathway.展开更多
Fault-initiated pressure release within reservoirs and the injection of external excessive dry gas may result in occurrence of oil and gas phases. Because of different partitioning coefficients of compounds in two pha...Fault-initiated pressure release within reservoirs and the injection of external excessive dry gas may result in occurrence of oil and gas phases. Because of different partitioning coefficients of compounds in two phase flow, lower-molecular-weight components are easier to dissolve in gas phase, yielding condensates, while higher-molecular-weight components are retained in the oil phase, yielding waxy oil cumulations. The fractionation process causes extensive compositional variability in aliphatic/aromatic hydrocarbon ratios, molecular compound distributions and carbon isotope ratios that are traditionally considered to be related to the source organic matter or the thermal maturity.展开更多
Background Pulmonary hypertension （PH） is a common complication of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）. Although alveolar hypoxia is considered as a main cause of PH in COPD, structural and functional cha...Background Pulmonary hypertension （PH） is a common complication of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）. Although alveolar hypoxia is considered as a main cause of PH in COPD, structural and functional changes of pulmonary circulation are apparent at the initial stage of COPD. We hypothesized that an inflammatory response and oxidative stress might contribute to the formation of PH in COPD. Methods We measured the levels of interleukin-6 （IL-6） and 8-iso-prostaglandin （8-iso-PSG） in exhaled breath condensate （EBC） and serum in 40 patients with COPD only or in 45 patients with COPD combined with PH. Pulmonary arterial systolic pressure （PASP） was assessed by Doppler echocardiography and defined as PH when the value of systolic pressure was greater than 40 mmHg. Results Compared with the COPD only group, the level of IL-6 in EBC was significantly increased in all 45 patients with COPD combined with PH （（8.27±2.14） ng/L vs. （4.95±1.19） ng/L, P 〈0.01）. The level of IL-6 in serum was also elevated in patients with COPD combined with PH compared with the COPD only group （（72.8±21.6） ng/L vs. （43.58±13.38） ng/L, P 〈0.01 ）. Similarly, we also observed a significant increase in the level of 8-iso-PSG in both EBC and serum in the COPD with PH group, compared with the COPD only group （EBC： （9.00±2.49） ng/L vs. （5.96±2.31） ng/L, P 〈0.01 and serum： （41.87±9.75） ng/L vs. （27.79±11.09） ng/L, P 〈0.01）. Additionally, the value of PASP in the PH group was confirmed to be positively correlated with the increase in the levels of IL-6 and 8-iso-PSG in both EBC and serum （r=0.477-0.589, P 〈0.05）. Conclusion The increase in the levels of IL-6 and 8-iso-PSG in EBC and serum correlates with the pathogenesis of PH in COPD.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.40672093)the CNPC Innovation Fund (Grant No.07E1001)
文摘The condensates are generally characterized by high maturity,low concentration of steranes and ter-panes biomarkers and low content of non-hydrocarbon fraction. In this case commonly used steranes,terpanes and carbazoles parameters cannot be effectively applied in the reservoir-filling tracing. The hydrogen bond formed by sulfur atom in the dibenzothiophenes (DBTs) results in molecule adsorption and fractionation during oil migration in reservoir. Like carbazoles,total DBTs content decreases with the increasing of oil migration distance. Therefore,a new parameter——total DBTs content is proposed to be used to trace the oil migration orientation and filling pathway. In present study,total DBTs con-tents of condensates and light oils are obtained by adding internal standard——eight deuterium atoms substituted DBT during Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analysis of aromatic fraction. Except for a few samples with much lower content of non-hydrocarbon fraction,the total DBTs content shows a fine positive correlation with that of carbazoles. Large errors can be caused in the process of pyrrolic nitrogen compounds separation. The application of this new parameter in the Fushan Depression of Beibu Gulf Basin,South China Sea indicates that this parameter is a reliable one to trace filling pathway in condensate reservoirs. Combined with other DBTs-related parameters,such as 4-/1-methydibenzo-thiophene and 2,4-/1,4-dimethyldibenzothiophene,oil migration orientation and filling pathway of the Fushan Depression was determined. The accumulations of Huachang oil field in the Fushan Depres-sion are mainly migrated and charged from northeast to southeast along the Huachang uplift. It can be predicated that the light oil and condensates in the Huachang oil field should be sourced from the source kitchen at the Bailian Sag. It shows that total DBTs content is an effective parameter to tracing oil migration orientation and filling pathway.
文摘Fault-initiated pressure release within reservoirs and the injection of external excessive dry gas may result in occurrence of oil and gas phases. Because of different partitioning coefficients of compounds in two phase flow, lower-molecular-weight components are easier to dissolve in gas phase, yielding condensates, while higher-molecular-weight components are retained in the oil phase, yielding waxy oil cumulations. The fractionation process causes extensive compositional variability in aliphatic/aromatic hydrocarbon ratios, molecular compound distributions and carbon isotope ratios that are traditionally considered to be related to the source organic matter or the thermal maturity.
文摘Background Pulmonary hypertension （PH） is a common complication of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）. Although alveolar hypoxia is considered as a main cause of PH in COPD, structural and functional changes of pulmonary circulation are apparent at the initial stage of COPD. We hypothesized that an inflammatory response and oxidative stress might contribute to the formation of PH in COPD. Methods We measured the levels of interleukin-6 （IL-6） and 8-iso-prostaglandin （8-iso-PSG） in exhaled breath condensate （EBC） and serum in 40 patients with COPD only or in 45 patients with COPD combined with PH. Pulmonary arterial systolic pressure （PASP） was assessed by Doppler echocardiography and defined as PH when the value of systolic pressure was greater than 40 mmHg. Results Compared with the COPD only group, the level of IL-6 in EBC was significantly increased in all 45 patients with COPD combined with PH （（8.27±2.14） ng/L vs. （4.95±1.19） ng/L, P 〈0.01）. The level of IL-6 in serum was also elevated in patients with COPD combined with PH compared with the COPD only group （（72.8±21.6） ng/L vs. （43.58±13.38） ng/L, P 〈0.01 ）. Similarly, we also observed a significant increase in the level of 8-iso-PSG in both EBC and serum in the COPD with PH group, compared with the COPD only group （EBC： （9.00±2.49） ng/L vs. （5.96±2.31） ng/L, P 〈0.01 and serum： （41.87±9.75） ng/L vs. （27.79±11.09） ng/L, P 〈0.01）. Additionally, the value of PASP in the PH group was confirmed to be positively correlated with the increase in the levels of IL-6 and 8-iso-PSG in both EBC and serum （r=0.477-0.589, P 〈0.05）. Conclusion The increase in the levels of IL-6 and 8-iso-PSG in EBC and serum correlates with the pathogenesis of PH in COPD.
