目的：应用有限元分析评价三种C2~C3前路内固定方式治疗枢椎椎体横行骨折合并Hangman骨折的生物力学稳定性，为临床手术方式选择提供理论参考。方法：选择1位35岁健康男性志愿者，采用16排螺旋CT对枕骨底（C0）~C3节段进行层厚0.5mm的...目的：应用有限元分析评价三种C2~C3前路内固定方式治疗枢椎椎体横行骨折合并Hangman骨折的生物力学稳定性，为临床手术方式选择提供理论参考。方法：选择1位35岁健康男性志愿者，采用16排螺旋CT对枕骨底（C0）~C3节段进行层厚0.5mm的薄层扫描，利用Mimics 10.01、Hypermesh V 10.0及ABAQUS 6.11软件，建立正常颈椎C0~C3节段三维六面体网格有限元模型（FE/Intact）并进行有效性验证。在已验证的C0~C3节段模型上通过弱化网格单元强度的方法模拟建立枢椎椎体横行骨折合并Hangman骨折模型（FE/Fracture）并进行验证；在FE/Fracture上分别建立三种C2~C3前路内固定模型：前路C2/3椎间盘切除、cage植骨融合＋长钢板螺钉内固定模型（FE/cage＋ACFLP）；前路齿状突螺钉固定＋C2/3椎间盘切除、cage植骨融合＋短钢板螺钉内固定模型（FE/AOSF＋cage＋ACFSP）；前路齿状突螺钉固定＋C2/3椎间盘切除、cage植骨融合＋长钢板螺钉内固定模型（FE/AOSF＋cage＋ACFLP），对FE/Intact、FE/Fracture和三种内固定模型进行边界约束后分别施加前屈、后伸、侧屈、旋转四种生理载荷，比较各模型在不同工况下三维活动的角位移（ROM）及骨折端节点位移变化。结果：建立的FE/Intact外观逼真，几何相似性好，经验证有效。在相同条件下FE/Fracture模型三维活动度较FE/Intact模型明显增大，在前屈、后伸、侧屈及旋转方向上的ROM分别增加至FE/Fracture模型的244.7％、203.3％、188.9％、200％；FE/AOSF＋cage＋ACFLP在前屈、后伸、侧屈、旋转方向上的ROM分别为FE/Intact的60.5％、70％、66.7％、62.5％；FE/AOSF＋cage＋ACFSP在各方向的ROM分别为FE/Intact的118.4％、123.3％、148.1％、175％；FE/cage＋ACFLP在各方向上的ROM分别为FE/Intact的123.7％、143.3％、122.2％、137.5％。FE/AOSF＋cage＋ACFLP稳定性最强，骨折端位移最小；FE/AOSF＋cage＋ACFSP稳定性展开更多
A new pore type,nano-scale organo-clay complex pore-fracture was first discovered based on argon ion polishing-field emission scanning electron microscopy,energy dispersive spectroscopy and three-dimensional reconstru...A new pore type,nano-scale organo-clay complex pore-fracture was first discovered based on argon ion polishing-field emission scanning electron microscopy,energy dispersive spectroscopy and three-dimensional reconstruction by focused ion-scanning electron in combination with analysis of TOC,R_(o)values,X-ray diffraction etc.in the Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation shale in the Songliao Basin,NE China.Such pore characteristics and evolution study show that:(1)Organo-clay complex pore-fractures are developed in the shale matrix and in the form of spongy and reticular aggregates.Different from circular or oval organic pores discovered in other shales,a single organo-clay complex pore is square,rectangular,rhombic or slaty,with the pore diameter generally less than 200 nm.(2)With thermal maturity increasing,the elements(C,Si,Al,O,Mg,Fe,etc.)in organo-clay complex change accordingly,showing that organic matter shrinkage due to hydrocarbon generation and clay mineral transformation both affect organo-clay complex pore-fracture formation.(3)At high thermal maturity,the Qingshankou Formation shale is dominated by nano-scale organo-clay complex pore-fractures with the percentage reaching more than 70%of total pore space.The spatial connectivity of organo-clay complex pore-fractures is significantly better than that of organic pores.It is suggested that organo-complex pore-fractures are the main pore space of laminar shale at high thermal maturity and are the main oil and gas accumulation space in the core area of continental shale oil.The discovery of nano-scale organo-clay complex pore-fractures changes the conventional view that inorganic pores are the main reservoir space and has scientific significance for the study of shale oil formation and accumulation laws.展开更多
为实现苏里格区块难采储量的有效动用,对以往大型压裂技术进行优化升级,压裂液体系由胍胶交联冻胶压裂液升级为“滑溜水+线性胶+胍胶压裂液冻胶”变黏度复合压裂液,支撑剂选用中密度高强度40/70目+20/40目陶粒组合,通过裂缝支撑剖面模...为实现苏里格区块难采储量的有效动用,对以往大型压裂技术进行优化升级,压裂液体系由胍胶交联冻胶压裂液升级为“滑溜水+线性胶+胍胶压裂液冻胶”变黏度复合压裂液,支撑剂选用中密度高强度40/70目+20/40目陶粒组合,通过裂缝支撑剖面模拟和优化压裂施工参数,在保障施工安全的前提下,设计施工排量可满足8.0~9.0 m 3/min,形成了适合苏里格气田大型压裂技术。现场应用表明,大型压裂技术采用大排量、大液量、大砂量造复杂裂缝,加大了储层的渗透率,增加了气体可动区域,用液强度平均增大99%,加砂强度平均增大97%,日产气平均增加101.3%,取得了较好的增产效果,为后续该类区块的开发起到较好的借鉴和指导作用。展开更多
文摘目的：应用有限元分析评价三种C2~C3前路内固定方式治疗枢椎椎体横行骨折合并Hangman骨折的生物力学稳定性，为临床手术方式选择提供理论参考。方法：选择1位35岁健康男性志愿者，采用16排螺旋CT对枕骨底（C0）~C3节段进行层厚0.5mm的薄层扫描，利用Mimics 10.01、Hypermesh V 10.0及ABAQUS 6.11软件，建立正常颈椎C0~C3节段三维六面体网格有限元模型（FE/Intact）并进行有效性验证。在已验证的C0~C3节段模型上通过弱化网格单元强度的方法模拟建立枢椎椎体横行骨折合并Hangman骨折模型（FE/Fracture）并进行验证；在FE/Fracture上分别建立三种C2~C3前路内固定模型：前路C2/3椎间盘切除、cage植骨融合＋长钢板螺钉内固定模型（FE/cage＋ACFLP）；前路齿状突螺钉固定＋C2/3椎间盘切除、cage植骨融合＋短钢板螺钉内固定模型（FE/AOSF＋cage＋ACFSP）；前路齿状突螺钉固定＋C2/3椎间盘切除、cage植骨融合＋长钢板螺钉内固定模型（FE/AOSF＋cage＋ACFLP），对FE/Intact、FE/Fracture和三种内固定模型进行边界约束后分别施加前屈、后伸、侧屈、旋转四种生理载荷，比较各模型在不同工况下三维活动的角位移（ROM）及骨折端节点位移变化。结果：建立的FE/Intact外观逼真，几何相似性好，经验证有效。在相同条件下FE/Fracture模型三维活动度较FE/Intact模型明显增大，在前屈、后伸、侧屈及旋转方向上的ROM分别增加至FE/Fracture模型的244.7％、203.3％、188.9％、200％；FE/AOSF＋cage＋ACFLP在前屈、后伸、侧屈、旋转方向上的ROM分别为FE/Intact的60.5％、70％、66.7％、62.5％；FE/AOSF＋cage＋ACFSP在各方向的ROM分别为FE/Intact的118.4％、123.3％、148.1％、175％；FE/cage＋ACFLP在各方向上的ROM分别为FE/Intact的123.7％、143.3％、122.2％、137.5％。FE/AOSF＋cage＋ACFLP稳定性最强，骨折端位移最小；FE/AOSF＋cage＋ACFSP稳定性
基金Supported by Central Government Guided Local Science and Technology Innovation Fund Program(ZY20B13)。
文摘A new pore type,nano-scale organo-clay complex pore-fracture was first discovered based on argon ion polishing-field emission scanning electron microscopy,energy dispersive spectroscopy and three-dimensional reconstruction by focused ion-scanning electron in combination with analysis of TOC,R_(o)values,X-ray diffraction etc.in the Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation shale in the Songliao Basin,NE China.Such pore characteristics and evolution study show that:(1)Organo-clay complex pore-fractures are developed in the shale matrix and in the form of spongy and reticular aggregates.Different from circular or oval organic pores discovered in other shales,a single organo-clay complex pore is square,rectangular,rhombic or slaty,with the pore diameter generally less than 200 nm.(2)With thermal maturity increasing,the elements(C,Si,Al,O,Mg,Fe,etc.)in organo-clay complex change accordingly,showing that organic matter shrinkage due to hydrocarbon generation and clay mineral transformation both affect organo-clay complex pore-fracture formation.(3)At high thermal maturity,the Qingshankou Formation shale is dominated by nano-scale organo-clay complex pore-fractures with the percentage reaching more than 70%of total pore space.The spatial connectivity of organo-clay complex pore-fractures is significantly better than that of organic pores.It is suggested that organo-complex pore-fractures are the main pore space of laminar shale at high thermal maturity and are the main oil and gas accumulation space in the core area of continental shale oil.The discovery of nano-scale organo-clay complex pore-fractures changes the conventional view that inorganic pores are the main reservoir space and has scientific significance for the study of shale oil formation and accumulation laws.
文摘为实现苏里格区块难采储量的有效动用,对以往大型压裂技术进行优化升级,压裂液体系由胍胶交联冻胶压裂液升级为“滑溜水+线性胶+胍胶压裂液冻胶”变黏度复合压裂液,支撑剂选用中密度高强度40/70目+20/40目陶粒组合,通过裂缝支撑剖面模拟和优化压裂施工参数,在保障施工安全的前提下,设计施工排量可满足8.0~9.0 m 3/min,形成了适合苏里格气田大型压裂技术。现场应用表明,大型压裂技术采用大排量、大液量、大砂量造复杂裂缝,加大了储层的渗透率,增加了气体可动区域,用液强度平均增大99%,加砂强度平均增大97%,日产气平均增加101.3%,取得了较好的增产效果,为后续该类区块的开发起到较好的借鉴和指导作用。
