加速康复外科(enhanced recovery after surgery,ERAS)的发展已有18年的历史,在我国的应用已有10年的初步经验。临床研究和应用结果显示,ERAS不仅仅具有缩短住院时间的优势,而且还具有减轻应激反应和疼痛,减少并发症,促进病人快速康复...加速康复外科(enhanced recovery after surgery,ERAS)的发展已有18年的历史,在我国的应用已有10年的初步经验。临床研究和应用结果显示,ERAS不仅仅具有缩短住院时间的优势,而且还具有减轻应激反应和疼痛,减少并发症,促进病人快速康复的优势。ERAS是一个集成创新模式,需要包括医院行政管理部门等多学科的参与,需要改变传统的临床路径。需要加大针对术后肠麻痹及肠功能康复的研究,努力实现ERAS共识与指南的临床转化。展开更多
Objective： Colorectal cancer is the third most common type of cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in the world. This article provides the most up-to-date overview of colorectal cancer burden i...Objective： Colorectal cancer is the third most common type of cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in the world. This article provides the most up-to-date overview of colorectal cancer burden in China. Methods： Totally 234 cancer registries submitted data of 2011 to the National Central Cancer Registry （NCCR）. Qualified data from 177 registries was pooled and analyzed. The crude incidence and mortality rates of colorectal cancer were calculated by age, gender and geographic area. The numbers of new cases and deaths were estimated using the 5-year age-specific cancer incidence/mortality rates and the corresponding populations. China census in 2000 and Segi＇s world population were applied for age standardized rates. Results： The estimate of new cases diagnosed with colorectal cancer of China in 2011 was 310,244 （178,404 for males and 131,840 for females, 195,117 in urban areas and 115,128 in rural areas）, accounting for 9.20% of overall new cancer cases. The crude incidence of colorectal cancer ranked fourth in all cancer sites with rate of 23.03/100,000 （25.83/100,000 for males and 20.08/100,000 for female, 28.25/100,000 in urban areas and 17.54/100,000 in rural areas）. The age-standardized rates by China population and by World population were 16.79/100,000 and 16.52/100,000, respectively. The estimated number of colorectal cancer deaths of China in 2011 was 149,722 （86,427 for males and 63,295 for females, 91,682 in urban areas and 58,040 in rural areas）, accounting for 7.09% of overall cancer deaths. The crude mortality rate for colorectal cancer ranked fifth leading cause of cancer-related death in all cancer sites with rate of 11.11/100,000 （12.51/100,000 for males and 9.64/100,000 for female, 13.27/100,000 in urban areas and 8.84/100,000 in rural areas）. The age-standardized rates by China population and by World population for mortality were 7.77/100,000 and 7.66/100,000, respectively. For both of incidence and mortality, the rates of colorectal cancer were展开更多
The gut microbiota acts as a real organ. The symbiotic interactions between resident micro-organisms and the digestive tract highly contribute to maintain the gut homeostasis. However, alterations to the microbiome ca...The gut microbiota acts as a real organ. The symbiotic interactions between resident micro-organisms and the digestive tract highly contribute to maintain the gut homeostasis. However, alterations to the microbiome caused by environmental changes(e.g., infection, diet and/or lifestyle) can disturb this symbiotic relationship and promote disease, such as inflammatory bowel diseases and cancer. Colorectal cancer is a complex association of tumoral cells, non-neoplastic cells and a large amount of micro-organisms, and the involvement of the microbiota in colorectal carcinogenesis is becoming increasingly clear. Indeed, many changes in the bacterial composition of the gut microbiota have been reported in colorectal cancer, suggesting a major role of dysbiosis in colorectal carcinogenesis. Some bacterial species have been identified and suspected to play a role in colorectal carcinogenesis, such as Streptococcus bovis, Helicobacter pylori, Bacteroides fragilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Clostridium septicum, Fusobacterium spp. and Escherichia coli. The potential pro-carcinogenic effects of these bacteria are now better understood. In this review, we discuss the possible links between the bacterial microbiota and colorectal carcinogenesis, focusing on dysbiosis and the potential pro-carcinogenic properties of bacteria, such as genotoxicity and other virulence factors, inflammation, host defenses modulation, bacterial derived metabolism, oxidative stress and anti-oxidative defenses modulation. We lastly describe how bacterial microbiota modifications could represent novel prognosis markers and/or targets for innovative therapeutic strategies.展开更多
文摘加速康复外科(enhanced recovery after surgery,ERAS)的发展已有18年的历史,在我国的应用已有10年的初步经验。临床研究和应用结果显示,ERAS不仅仅具有缩短住院时间的优势,而且还具有减轻应激反应和疼痛,减少并发症,促进病人快速康复的优势。ERAS是一个集成创新模式,需要包括医院行政管理部门等多学科的参与,需要改变传统的临床路径。需要加大针对术后肠麻痹及肠功能康复的研究,努力实现ERAS共识与指南的临床转化。
文摘Objective： Colorectal cancer is the third most common type of cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in the world. This article provides the most up-to-date overview of colorectal cancer burden in China. Methods： Totally 234 cancer registries submitted data of 2011 to the National Central Cancer Registry （NCCR）. Qualified data from 177 registries was pooled and analyzed. The crude incidence and mortality rates of colorectal cancer were calculated by age, gender and geographic area. The numbers of new cases and deaths were estimated using the 5-year age-specific cancer incidence/mortality rates and the corresponding populations. China census in 2000 and Segi＇s world population were applied for age standardized rates. Results： The estimate of new cases diagnosed with colorectal cancer of China in 2011 was 310,244 （178,404 for males and 131,840 for females, 195,117 in urban areas and 115,128 in rural areas）, accounting for 9.20% of overall new cancer cases. The crude incidence of colorectal cancer ranked fourth in all cancer sites with rate of 23.03/100,000 （25.83/100,000 for males and 20.08/100,000 for female, 28.25/100,000 in urban areas and 17.54/100,000 in rural areas）. The age-standardized rates by China population and by World population were 16.79/100,000 and 16.52/100,000, respectively. The estimated number of colorectal cancer deaths of China in 2011 was 149,722 （86,427 for males and 63,295 for females, 91,682 in urban areas and 58,040 in rural areas）, accounting for 7.09% of overall cancer deaths. The crude mortality rate for colorectal cancer ranked fifth leading cause of cancer-related death in all cancer sites with rate of 11.11/100,000 （12.51/100,000 for males and 9.64/100,000 for female, 13.27/100,000 in urban areas and 8.84/100,000 in rural areas）. The age-standardized rates by China population and by World population for mortality were 7.77/100,000 and 7.66/100,000, respectively. For both of incidence and mortality, the rates of colorectal cancer were
基金Supported by Inserm and Universitéd’Auvergne(UMR 1071)INRA(USC-2018)+1 种基金grants from“Conseil regional d’Auvergne”“Nuovo Soldati Foundation for Cancer Research”and“Fondation pour la recherche médicale”
文摘The gut microbiota acts as a real organ. The symbiotic interactions between resident micro-organisms and the digestive tract highly contribute to maintain the gut homeostasis. However, alterations to the microbiome caused by environmental changes(e.g., infection, diet and/or lifestyle) can disturb this symbiotic relationship and promote disease, such as inflammatory bowel diseases and cancer. Colorectal cancer is a complex association of tumoral cells, non-neoplastic cells and a large amount of micro-organisms, and the involvement of the microbiota in colorectal carcinogenesis is becoming increasingly clear. Indeed, many changes in the bacterial composition of the gut microbiota have been reported in colorectal cancer, suggesting a major role of dysbiosis in colorectal carcinogenesis. Some bacterial species have been identified and suspected to play a role in colorectal carcinogenesis, such as Streptococcus bovis, Helicobacter pylori, Bacteroides fragilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Clostridium septicum, Fusobacterium spp. and Escherichia coli. The potential pro-carcinogenic effects of these bacteria are now better understood. In this review, we discuss the possible links between the bacterial microbiota and colorectal carcinogenesis, focusing on dysbiosis and the potential pro-carcinogenic properties of bacteria, such as genotoxicity and other virulence factors, inflammation, host defenses modulation, bacterial derived metabolism, oxidative stress and anti-oxidative defenses modulation. We lastly describe how bacterial microbiota modifications could represent novel prognosis markers and/or targets for innovative therapeutic strategies.
