Gastric cancer remains one of the most common cancers worldwide and one of the leading cause for cancerrelated deaths. Gastric adenocarcinoma is a multifactorial disease that is genetically, cytologically and architec...Gastric cancer remains one of the most common cancers worldwide and one of the leading cause for cancerrelated deaths. Gastric adenocarcinoma is a multifactorial disease that is genetically, cytologically and architecturally more heterogeneous than other gastrointestinal carcinomas.The aberrant activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is involved in the development and progression of a significant proportion of gastric cancer cases. This review focuses on the participation of the Wnt/b-catenin pathway in gastric cancer by offering an analysis of the relevant literature published in this field. Indeed, it is discussed the role of key factors in Wnt/β-catenin signaling and their downstream effectors regulating processes involved in tumor initiation, tumor growth, metastasis and resistance to therapy. Available data indicate that constitutive Wnt signalling resulting from Helicobacter pylori infection and inactivation of Wnt inhibitors(mainly by inactivating mutations and promoter hypermethylation) play an important role in gastric cancer. Moreover, a number of recent studies confirmed CTNNB1 and APC as driver genes in gastric cancer. The identification of specific membrane, intracellular, and extracellular components of the Wnt pathway has revealed potential targets for gastric cancer therapy. High-throughput "omics" approaches will help in the search for Wnt pathway antagonist in the near future.展开更多
Background： Colibacillosis caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coil （E. coil} results in economic losses in the poultry industry. Antibiotics are usually used to control colibacillosis, however, E. coli has varyin...Background： Colibacillosis caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coil （E. coil} results in economic losses in the poultry industry. Antibiotics are usually used to control colibacillosis, however, E. coli has varying degrees of resistance to different antibiotics. Therefore the use of probiotics is becoming accepted as an alternative to antibiotics. In this study, we evaluated the effects of Clostfidium butyricum （C. butyficum） on growth performance, immune response, intestinal barrier function, and digestive enzyme activity in broiler chickens challenged with Eschefichia coli （E. coil） K88. Methods： The chickens were randomly divided into four treatment groups for 28 days. Negative control treatment （NC） consisted of birds fed a basal diet without E. coil K88 challenge and positive control treatment （PC） consisted of birds fed a basal diet and challenged with E. coil K88. C. buO/ricum probiotic treatment （CB） consisted of birds fed a diet containing 2 x 107 cfu C. buO/ricum/kg of diet and challenged with E. coil K88. Colistin sulfate antibiotic treatment （CS） consisted of birds fed a diet containing 20 mg colistin sulfate/kg of diet and challenged with E. coil K88. Results： The body weight （BW） and average day gain （ADG） in the broilers of CB group were higher （P 〈 0.05） than the broilers in the PC group overall except the ADG in the 14-21 d post-challenge. The birds in CB treatment had higher （P 〈 0.05） concentration of tumor necrosis factor-a （TNF-a） at 3 and 7 d post-challenge, and higher （P 〈 0.05） concentration of interleukin-4 （IL-4） at 14 d post-challenge than those in the PC treatment group. The concentration of serum endotoxin in CB birds was lower （P 〈 0.05） at 21 d post-challenge, and the concentrations of serum diamine oxidase in CB birds were lower （P 〈 0.05） at 14 and 21 d post-challenge than in PC birds. Birds in CB treatment group had higher （P 〈 0.05） jejunum villi height than those in PC, NC, or CS treatment at 展开更多
AIM:To compare the influence and clearance effect of enzymatic and non-enzymatic detergents against Escherichia coli (E. coli) biofilm on the inner surface of gastroscopes.METHODS:Teflon tubes were incubated in a mixt...AIM:To compare the influence and clearance effect of enzymatic and non-enzymatic detergents against Escherichia coli (E. coli) biofilm on the inner surface of gastroscopes.METHODS:Teflon tubes were incubated in a mixture of different detergents and E. coli culture (106 CFU/mL) for 72 h at 15℃,and biofilms on the inner surface of the teflon tubes were analyzed by bacterial count and scanning electron microscopy. To evaluate the clear-ance effect of detergents,after biofilms were formed on the inner surface of Teflon tubes by 72 h lavage with E. coli culture,tubes were lavaged by enzymatic and non-enzymatic detergents at a speed of 250 mL/min,then biofilms on the inner surface were analyzed by bacterial count and scanning electron microscopy.RESULTS:Non-enzymatic detergent had a better inhi-bition function on biofilm formation than enzymatic de-tergent as it reduced bacterial burden by 2.4 log compared with the control samples (P = 0.00). Inhibition function of enzymatic detergent was not significantly different to that of control samples and reduced bac-terial burden by 0.2 log on average (P > 0.05). After lavaging at 250 mL/min for 3 min,no living bacteria were left in the tubes. Scanning electron microscopy observation showed biofi lms became very loose by the high shear force effect. CONCLUSION:Non-enzymatic detergent has a better inhibition effect on biofilm formation at room temperature. High speed pre-lavage and detergents are very important in temporal formed biofilm elimination.展开更多
Objective：To explore the significance of colonic epithelial cell apoptosis and tumor necrosis factorα（TNF-α）changing in pathogenesis of melanosis coli（MC）in guinea pig and the molecular mechanism of rhubarb（Rh...Objective：To explore the significance of colonic epithelial cell apoptosis and tumor necrosis factorα（TNF-α）changing in pathogenesis of melanosis coli（MC）in guinea pig and the molecular mechanism of rhubarb（Rhu）in inducing the disease,by means of using different dosages of Rhu to induce the disease. Methods：One hundred and forty-four male guinea pigs,clean grade,were randomized according to their body weight into 5 groups,the untreated normal group and the 4 Rhu groups treated,respectively,with different doses of Rhu,3 g/kg·d for low dose（Rhu-I）group,6 g/kg·d for moderate dose（Rhu-m）group,12 g/kg·d for high dose（Rhu-h）group and 24 g/kg·d for super-high dose（Rhu-s）group via gastric infusion.All animals were sacrificed 60 days later,their viscera were taken for observing the pathologic and morphologic changes with HE, melanin and melatonin staining,and the apoptosis of colonic epithelial cells was detected with TUNEL stain and transmission electric microscopy.In addition,the levels of TNF-αin serum and colonic tissue were measured using ELISA and RT-PCR.Results：The pathological changes of MC could be found by naked eye in all Rhu groups,especially apparent at caecum and proximal end of colon,but did not found in gallbladder,jejunum and ileum.In normal guinea pigs,the colonic membrane was pink in color with no apparent pigment deposition. Membranous color deepened in the Rhu groups depending on the dosage of Rhu used.MC scoring showed the highest scores revealed in the Rhu-s group（6.00±0.00）,which was significantly different to those in the Rhu-I （3.86±0.69）,Rhu-m（4.43±0.79）and Rhu-h groups（4.88±0.35,all P0.05）.Levels of cell apoptosis in colon and TNF-αin serum in all Rhu groups were higher than those in the normal group（P0.01）,but showed no significant difference among the Rhu groups（P0.05）.Moreover,a positive correlation was found in the degree of induced MC with apoptosis rate and TNF-αlevel.Conclusions：Rhu（anthraquinone purgatives）had 展开更多
Abstract: In order to identify the function of late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) genes, in vitro functional analyses were performed using an Escherichia coli heterologous expression system. Three soybean late embryoge...Abstract: In order to identify the function of late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) genes, in vitro functional analyses were performed using an Escherichia coli heterologous expression system. Three soybean late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) genes, PM11 (GenBank accession No. AF004805; group 1), PM30 (AF117884; group 3), and ZLDE-2 (AY351918; group 2), were cloned and expressed in a pET-28a system. The gene products were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and identified by mass spectrometry. E. coli cells containing the recombinant plasmids or empty vector as controls were treated by salt and low temperature stress. Compared with control cells, the E. coli cells expressing either PM11 or PM30 showed a shorter lag period and improved growth when transferred to LB (Luria-Bertani) liquid media containing 800 mmol/L NaCl or 700 mmol/L KCl or after 4°C treatment. E. coli cells expressing ZLDE-2 did not show obvious growth improvement both in either high KCl medium or after 4°C treatment. The results indicate that the E. coli expression system is a simple, useful method to identify the functions of some stress-tolerant genes from plants.展开更多
This work addressed the antibacterial mechanism of copper ions dissolved from the Cu-bearing antibacterial stainless steel in the bacterial solution by electrochemical measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy...This work addressed the antibacterial mechanism of copper ions dissolved from the Cu-bearing antibacterial stainless steel in the bacterial solution by electrochemical measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）.Experimental results showed that the antibacterial rate reached over 99.9% only when the reaction time between the antibacterial stainless steel and Escherichia coli （E.coli） lasted for 9 h,and the antibacterial stainless steel was more susceptible to the corrosion in the bacterial solution,which was attributed to more copper ions dissolved from surface of the steel contacted with the bacteria,a crucial reason leading to death of the bacteria.展开更多
This study evaluated the effects of micro-encapsulated(protected)organic acids(OA)and essential oils(EO)combination,P(OA+EO),and effects of a regular blend of free acids(FA)on the growth,immune responses,intestinal ba...This study evaluated the effects of micro-encapsulated(protected)organic acids(OA)and essential oils(EO)combination,P(OA+EO),and effects of a regular blend of free acids(FA)on the growth,immune responses,intestinal barrier and microbiota of weaned piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC)F4(K88^+).A total of 30 crossbred(Duroc×Landrace×Large White)weaned barrows(7.41±0.06 kg,28 d old)were assigned randomly to 5 treatments:1)non-challenged positive control(PC),2)ETEC F4(K88^+)-challenged negative control(NC),3)NC+kitasamycin at 50 mg/kg+olaquindox at 100 mg/kg+free acidifier(FA)at 5 g/kg,4)NC+kitasamycin at 50 mg/kg+olaquindox at 100 mg/kg+P(OA+EO)at 1 g/kg(P1),5)NC+kitasamycin at 50 mg/kg+olaquindox at 100 mg/kg+P(OA+EO)at 2 g/kg(P2).Each dietary treatment had 6 replicates of one piglet each and the study lasted for 3 wk.On d 7,pigs in NC,FA,P1 and P2 were orally dosed with 10 mL of ETEC F4(K88^+)culture(1×10^9 CFU/mL).From d 7 to 14 after the ETEC F4(K88^+)challenge,P1 increased gain-to-feed ratio(G:F)significantly(P<0.05)compared with NC and FA groups.From d 14 to 21,P2 increased the average daily gain of pigs(P<0.05)compared with NC and FA groups.Compared with NC,P2 reduced tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-6 and IL-10 concentrations(P<0.05)in sera collected at 4 h later after ETEC F4(K88^+)challenge.On d 21,P1 increased occludin and zonula occludens-1 protein expression in ileum compared with NC(P<0.05).After this 3-wk experiment,alpha diversity of gut microbiota was decreased by P2 compared with PC,and P1 increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus in ileum,cecum and colon(P<0.05).In co nclusio n,dietary P(OA+EO)additive at 2 g/kg combined with antibiotics could improve piglet performance and attenuate inflammation,and P(OA+EO)additive at 1 g/kg combined with antibiotics improved intestinal barrier and increased beneficial microbiota composition after an F4(K88^+)challenge.展开更多
A new HPV-16/18 bivalent vaccine expressed by the Escherichia coli has been proven to be efficacious in adult women.A randomized,immunogenicity noninferiority study of this candidate vaccine was conducted in December ...A new HPV-16/18 bivalent vaccine expressed by the Escherichia coli has been proven to be efficacious in adult women.A randomized,immunogenicity noninferiority study of this candidate vaccine was conducted in December 2015 in China.Girls aged 9–14 years were randomized to receive 2 doses at months 0 and 6(n=301)or 3 doses at months 0,1 and 6(n=304).Girls aged 15–17 years(n=149)and women aged 18–26 years(n=225)received 3 doses.The objectives included noninferiority analysis of the IgG geometric mean concentration(GMC)ratio(95%CI,lower bound>0.5)to HPV-16 and HPV-18 at month 7 in girls compared with women.In the per-protocol set,the GMC ratio of IgG was noninferior for girls aged 9–17 years receiving 3 doses compared with women(1.76(95%CI,1.56,1.99)for HPV-16 and 1.93(95%CI,1.69,2.21)for HPV-18)and noninferior for girls aged 9–14 years receiving 2 doses compared with women(1.45(95%CI,1.25,1.62)for HPV-16 and 1.17(95%CI,1.02,1.33)for HPV-18).Noninferiority was also demonstrated for neutralizing antibodies.The immunogenicity of the HPV vaccine in girls receiving 3 or 2 doses was noninferior compared with that in young adult women.展开更多
[Objective] The aim of this study was to explore the sterilization effects on Escherichia coli by adding bacterial inhibitor(CaCN2)during the process of cattle manure composting so as to provide a theoretical basis fo...[Objective] The aim of this study was to explore the sterilization effects on Escherichia coli by adding bacterial inhibitor(CaCN2)during the process of cattle manure composting so as to provide a theoretical basis for cattle manure harmless treatment.[Method] Both experimental groups supplemented with 2.0% bacterial inhibitor and control groups without bacterial inhibitor were cultured under different temperatures(20,30,37,50,60 ℃)to determine the optimal composing temperature.Under 30 ℃,different bacterial inhibitor doses(0,2.0%,2.5%,3.0%)were added into the compost to obtain the optimal bacterial inhibitor addition dose.[Result] 30,50 and 60 ℃ were ideal temperatures for sterilization of E.coli.Under 30 ℃,E.coli couldn't be detected in 2.5% dose group and 3.0% dose group after culture for 48 h,demonstrating no less than 2.5% bacterial inhibitor should be added.[Conclusion] It has an important significance to enhance the sterilization effects on E.coli by adding CaCN2 into cattle manure compost especially in winter.展开更多
Escherichia coli(E. coli), and particularly the adherent invasive E. coli(AIEC) pathotype, has been increasingly implicated in the ethiopathogenesis of Crohn's disease(CD). E. coli strains with similar pathogenic ...Escherichia coli(E. coli), and particularly the adherent invasive E. coli(AIEC) pathotype, has been increasingly implicated in the ethiopathogenesis of Crohn's disease(CD). E. coli strains with similar pathogenic features to AIEC have been associated with other intestinal disorders such as ulcerative colitis, colorectal cancer, and coeliac disease, but AIEC prevalence in these diseases remains largely unexplored. Since AIEC was described one decade ago, substantial progress has been made in deciphering its mechanisms of pathogenicity. However, the molecular bases that characterize the phenotypic properties of this pathotype are still not well resolved. A review of studies focused on E. coli populations in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) is presented here and we discuss about the putative role of this species on each IBD subtype. Given the relevance of AIEC in CD pathogenesis, we present the latest research findings concerning AIEC host-microbe interactions and pathogenicity. We also review the existing data regarding the prevalence and abundance of AIEC in CD and its association with other intestinal diseases from humans and animals, in order to discuss the AIEC disease- and hostspecificity. Finally, we highlight the fact that dietarycomponents frequently found in industrialized countries may enhance AIEC colonization in the gut, which merits further investigation and the implementation of preventative measures.展开更多
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease, whose etiology is still unclear. Its pathogenesis involves an interaction between genetic factors, immune response and the “forgotten organ&#x...Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease, whose etiology is still unclear. Its pathogenesis involves an interaction between genetic factors, immune response and the “forgotten organ”, Gut Microbiota. Several studies have been conducted to assess the role of antibiotics and probiotics as additional or alternative therapies for Ulcerative Colitis. Escherichia coli Nissle (EcN) is a nonpathogenic Gram-negative strain isolated in 1917 by Alfred Nissle and it is the active component of microbial drug Mutaflor<sup>®</sup> (Ardeypharm GmbH, Herdecke, Germany and EcN, Cadigroup, In Italy) used in many gastrointestinal disorder including diarrhea, uncomplicated diverticular disease and UC. It is the only probiotic recommended in ECCO guidelines as effective alternative to mesalazine in maintenance of remission in UC patients. In this review we propose an update on the role of EcN 1917 in maintenance of remission in UC patients, including data about efficacy and safety. Further studies may be helpful for this subject to further the full use of potential of EcN.展开更多
Increased numbers of mucosa-associated Escherichia coli are observed in both of the major inflammatory bowel diseases,Crohn's disease(CD)and ulcerative colitis(UC).A potential pathophysiological link between the p...Increased numbers of mucosa-associated Escherichia coli are observed in both of the major inflammatory bowel diseases,Crohn's disease(CD)and ulcerative colitis(UC).A potential pathophysiological link between the presence of pathogenic invasive bacteria and genetic host susceptibility of patients with ileal CD is suspected.In CD patients,with increased ileal expression of the CEACAM6 molecule acting as a receptor recognized by type 1 pilus bacterial adhesin,and with the identification of mutations in the NOD2-encoding gene,the presence of pathogenic invasive bacteria could be the link between abnormal ileal bacterial colonization and innate immune responses to invasive bacteria.In a susceptible host,the sequential etiological steps of the disease induced by adherent-invasive E.coli(AIEC)are:(1)abnormal colonization via binding to the CEACAM6 receptor,which is overexpressed in the ileal mucosa of CD patients;(2)ability to adhere to and to invade intestinal epithelial cells,which allows bacteria to cross the mucosal barrier;(3)survival and replication within infected macrophages in the lamina propria;and(4)induction of tumor necrosis factor-α secretion and granuloma formation.展开更多
Extended-spectrum β-lactamases （ESBLs） are the main cause of resistance to the third and forth-generation cephalosporins in Enterobacteriaceae, which are mediated by plasmids and can hydrolyze oxyiminoaminothiazoly...Extended-spectrum β-lactamases （ESBLs） are the main cause of resistance to the third and forth-generation cephalosporins in Enterobacteriaceae, which are mediated by plasmids and can hydrolyze oxyiminoaminothiazolyl cephalosporins and monobactams. Most of ESBLs are mutants of the classical TEM and SHV types, with one or more amino-acid substitution（s） in the active site.展开更多
文摘Gastric cancer remains one of the most common cancers worldwide and one of the leading cause for cancerrelated deaths. Gastric adenocarcinoma is a multifactorial disease that is genetically, cytologically and architecturally more heterogeneous than other gastrointestinal carcinomas.The aberrant activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is involved in the development and progression of a significant proportion of gastric cancer cases. This review focuses on the participation of the Wnt/b-catenin pathway in gastric cancer by offering an analysis of the relevant literature published in this field. Indeed, it is discussed the role of key factors in Wnt/β-catenin signaling and their downstream effectors regulating processes involved in tumor initiation, tumor growth, metastasis and resistance to therapy. Available data indicate that constitutive Wnt signalling resulting from Helicobacter pylori infection and inactivation of Wnt inhibitors(mainly by inactivating mutations and promoter hypermethylation) play an important role in gastric cancer. Moreover, a number of recent studies confirmed CTNNB1 and APC as driver genes in gastric cancer. The identification of specific membrane, intracellular, and extracellular components of the Wnt pathway has revealed potential targets for gastric cancer therapy. High-throughput "omics" approaches will help in the search for Wnt pathway antagonist in the near future.
基金supported by the International Cooperation Project of Zhejiang Province(No.2012C14031)Innovative Research Team Program of Zhejiang Province(No.2011R50025)
文摘Background： Colibacillosis caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coil （E. coil} results in economic losses in the poultry industry. Antibiotics are usually used to control colibacillosis, however, E. coli has varying degrees of resistance to different antibiotics. Therefore the use of probiotics is becoming accepted as an alternative to antibiotics. In this study, we evaluated the effects of Clostfidium butyricum （C. butyficum） on growth performance, immune response, intestinal barrier function, and digestive enzyme activity in broiler chickens challenged with Eschefichia coli （E. coil） K88. Methods： The chickens were randomly divided into four treatment groups for 28 days. Negative control treatment （NC） consisted of birds fed a basal diet without E. coil K88 challenge and positive control treatment （PC） consisted of birds fed a basal diet and challenged with E. coil K88. C. buO/ricum probiotic treatment （CB） consisted of birds fed a diet containing 2 x 107 cfu C. buO/ricum/kg of diet and challenged with E. coil K88. Colistin sulfate antibiotic treatment （CS） consisted of birds fed a diet containing 20 mg colistin sulfate/kg of diet and challenged with E. coil K88. Results： The body weight （BW） and average day gain （ADG） in the broilers of CB group were higher （P 〈 0.05） than the broilers in the PC group overall except the ADG in the 14-21 d post-challenge. The birds in CB treatment had higher （P 〈 0.05） concentration of tumor necrosis factor-a （TNF-a） at 3 and 7 d post-challenge, and higher （P 〈 0.05） concentration of interleukin-4 （IL-4） at 14 d post-challenge than those in the PC treatment group. The concentration of serum endotoxin in CB birds was lower （P 〈 0.05） at 21 d post-challenge, and the concentrations of serum diamine oxidase in CB birds were lower （P 〈 0.05） at 14 and 21 d post-challenge than in PC birds. Birds in CB treatment group had higher （P 〈 0.05） jejunum villi height than those in PC, NC, or CS treatment at
基金Supported by Medical and Health Research Foundation of Zhejiang Province, China, No. 2007B040, 2007B039
文摘AIM:To compare the influence and clearance effect of enzymatic and non-enzymatic detergents against Escherichia coli (E. coli) biofilm on the inner surface of gastroscopes.METHODS:Teflon tubes were incubated in a mixture of different detergents and E. coli culture (106 CFU/mL) for 72 h at 15℃,and biofilms on the inner surface of the teflon tubes were analyzed by bacterial count and scanning electron microscopy. To evaluate the clear-ance effect of detergents,after biofilms were formed on the inner surface of Teflon tubes by 72 h lavage with E. coli culture,tubes were lavaged by enzymatic and non-enzymatic detergents at a speed of 250 mL/min,then biofilms on the inner surface were analyzed by bacterial count and scanning electron microscopy.RESULTS:Non-enzymatic detergent had a better inhi-bition function on biofilm formation than enzymatic de-tergent as it reduced bacterial burden by 2.4 log compared with the control samples (P = 0.00). Inhibition function of enzymatic detergent was not significantly different to that of control samples and reduced bac-terial burden by 0.2 log on average (P > 0.05). After lavaging at 250 mL/min for 3 min,no living bacteria were left in the tubes. Scanning electron microscopy observation showed biofi lms became very loose by the high shear force effect. CONCLUSION:Non-enzymatic detergent has a better inhibition effect on biofilm formation at room temperature. High speed pre-lavage and detergents are very important in temporal formed biofilm elimination.
基金Supported by Zhejiang Provincial Funds of Natural Sciences (No.X206959)the Key Project Item of Hangzhou Municipal Administration of Science and Technology(No.2006533Q15)
文摘Objective：To explore the significance of colonic epithelial cell apoptosis and tumor necrosis factorα（TNF-α）changing in pathogenesis of melanosis coli（MC）in guinea pig and the molecular mechanism of rhubarb（Rhu）in inducing the disease,by means of using different dosages of Rhu to induce the disease. Methods：One hundred and forty-four male guinea pigs,clean grade,were randomized according to their body weight into 5 groups,the untreated normal group and the 4 Rhu groups treated,respectively,with different doses of Rhu,3 g/kg·d for low dose（Rhu-I）group,6 g/kg·d for moderate dose（Rhu-m）group,12 g/kg·d for high dose（Rhu-h）group and 24 g/kg·d for super-high dose（Rhu-s）group via gastric infusion.All animals were sacrificed 60 days later,their viscera were taken for observing the pathologic and morphologic changes with HE, melanin and melatonin staining,and the apoptosis of colonic epithelial cells was detected with TUNEL stain and transmission electric microscopy.In addition,the levels of TNF-αin serum and colonic tissue were measured using ELISA and RT-PCR.Results：The pathological changes of MC could be found by naked eye in all Rhu groups,especially apparent at caecum and proximal end of colon,but did not found in gallbladder,jejunum and ileum.In normal guinea pigs,the colonic membrane was pink in color with no apparent pigment deposition. Membranous color deepened in the Rhu groups depending on the dosage of Rhu used.MC scoring showed the highest scores revealed in the Rhu-s group（6.00±0.00）,which was significantly different to those in the Rhu-I （3.86±0.69）,Rhu-m（4.43±0.79）and Rhu-h groups（4.88±0.35,all P0.05）.Levels of cell apoptosis in colon and TNF-αin serum in all Rhu groups were higher than those in the normal group（P0.01）,but showed no significant difference among the Rhu groups（P0.05）.Moreover,a positive correlation was found in the degree of induced MC with apoptosis rate and TNF-αlevel.Conclusions：Rhu（anthraquinone purgatives）had
基金the National Special Program for Research and Industrialization of Transgenic Plants，国家自然科学基金，Foundation for Key Teachers in Universities
文摘Abstract: In order to identify the function of late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) genes, in vitro functional analyses were performed using an Escherichia coli heterologous expression system. Three soybean late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) genes, PM11 (GenBank accession No. AF004805; group 1), PM30 (AF117884; group 3), and ZLDE-2 (AY351918; group 2), were cloned and expressed in a pET-28a system. The gene products were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and identified by mass spectrometry. E. coli cells containing the recombinant plasmids or empty vector as controls were treated by salt and low temperature stress. Compared with control cells, the E. coli cells expressing either PM11 or PM30 showed a shorter lag period and improved growth when transferred to LB (Luria-Bertani) liquid media containing 800 mmol/L NaCl or 700 mmol/L KCl or after 4°C treatment. E. coli cells expressing ZLDE-2 did not show obvious growth improvement both in either high KCl medium or after 4°C treatment. The results indicate that the E. coli expression system is a simple, useful method to identify the functions of some stress-tolerant genes from plants.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50671101)
文摘This work addressed the antibacterial mechanism of copper ions dissolved from the Cu-bearing antibacterial stainless steel in the bacterial solution by electrochemical measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）.Experimental results showed that the antibacterial rate reached over 99.9% only when the reaction time between the antibacterial stainless steel and Escherichia coli （E.coli） lasted for 9 h,and the antibacterial stainless steel was more susceptible to the corrosion in the bacterial solution,which was attributed to more copper ions dissolved from surface of the steel contacted with the bacteria,a crucial reason leading to death of the bacteria.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31772612)Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(6202019)
文摘This study evaluated the effects of micro-encapsulated(protected)organic acids(OA)and essential oils(EO)combination,P(OA+EO),and effects of a regular blend of free acids(FA)on the growth,immune responses,intestinal barrier and microbiota of weaned piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC)F4(K88^+).A total of 30 crossbred(Duroc×Landrace×Large White)weaned barrows(7.41±0.06 kg,28 d old)were assigned randomly to 5 treatments:1)non-challenged positive control(PC),2)ETEC F4(K88^+)-challenged negative control(NC),3)NC+kitasamycin at 50 mg/kg+olaquindox at 100 mg/kg+free acidifier(FA)at 5 g/kg,4)NC+kitasamycin at 50 mg/kg+olaquindox at 100 mg/kg+P(OA+EO)at 1 g/kg(P1),5)NC+kitasamycin at 50 mg/kg+olaquindox at 100 mg/kg+P(OA+EO)at 2 g/kg(P2).Each dietary treatment had 6 replicates of one piglet each and the study lasted for 3 wk.On d 7,pigs in NC,FA,P1 and P2 were orally dosed with 10 mL of ETEC F4(K88^+)culture(1×10^9 CFU/mL).From d 7 to 14 after the ETEC F4(K88^+)challenge,P1 increased gain-to-feed ratio(G:F)significantly(P<0.05)compared with NC and FA groups.From d 14 to 21,P2 increased the average daily gain of pigs(P<0.05)compared with NC and FA groups.Compared with NC,P2 reduced tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-6 and IL-10 concentrations(P<0.05)in sera collected at 4 h later after ETEC F4(K88^+)challenge.On d 21,P1 increased occludin and zonula occludens-1 protein expression in ileum compared with NC(P<0.05).After this 3-wk experiment,alpha diversity of gut microbiota was decreased by P2 compared with PC,and P1 increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus in ileum,cecum and colon(P<0.05).In co nclusio n,dietary P(OA+EO)additive at 2 g/kg combined with antibiotics could improve piglet performance and attenuate inflammation,and P(OA+EO)additive at 1 g/kg combined with antibiotics improved intestinal barrier and increased beneficial microbiota composition after an F4(K88^+)challenge.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81673240,and U1705283)the Chinese National Major Scientific and Technological Special Project for“Significant New Drugs Development”(2018ZX09308010,2012ZX09101316)the Fujian Provincial Major Scientific and Technological Project(2015YZ0002)and Xiamen Innovax.
文摘A new HPV-16/18 bivalent vaccine expressed by the Escherichia coli has been proven to be efficacious in adult women.A randomized,immunogenicity noninferiority study of this candidate vaccine was conducted in December 2015 in China.Girls aged 9–14 years were randomized to receive 2 doses at months 0 and 6(n=301)or 3 doses at months 0,1 and 6(n=304).Girls aged 15–17 years(n=149)and women aged 18–26 years(n=225)received 3 doses.The objectives included noninferiority analysis of the IgG geometric mean concentration(GMC)ratio(95%CI,lower bound>0.5)to HPV-16 and HPV-18 at month 7 in girls compared with women.In the per-protocol set,the GMC ratio of IgG was noninferior for girls aged 9–17 years receiving 3 doses compared with women(1.76(95%CI,1.56,1.99)for HPV-16 and 1.93(95%CI,1.69,2.21)for HPV-18)and noninferior for girls aged 9–14 years receiving 2 doses compared with women(1.45(95%CI,1.25,1.62)for HPV-16 and 1.17(95%CI,1.02,1.33)for HPV-18).Noninferiority was also demonstrated for neutralizing antibodies.The immunogenicity of the HPV vaccine in girls receiving 3 or 2 doses was noninferior compared with that in young adult women.
基金Supported by Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(200607010403)National Key Project of Scientific and Technical Supporting Programs Funded by Ministry of Science&Technology of China(2006BAD04A15)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim of this study was to explore the sterilization effects on Escherichia coli by adding bacterial inhibitor(CaCN2)during the process of cattle manure composting so as to provide a theoretical basis for cattle manure harmless treatment.[Method] Both experimental groups supplemented with 2.0% bacterial inhibitor and control groups without bacterial inhibitor were cultured under different temperatures(20,30,37,50,60 ℃)to determine the optimal composing temperature.Under 30 ℃,different bacterial inhibitor doses(0,2.0%,2.5%,3.0%)were added into the compost to obtain the optimal bacterial inhibitor addition dose.[Result] 30,50 and 60 ℃ were ideal temperatures for sterilization of E.coli.Under 30 ℃,E.coli couldn't be detected in 2.5% dose group and 3.0% dose group after culture for 48 h,demonstrating no less than 2.5% bacterial inhibitor should be added.[Conclusion] It has an important significance to enhance the sterilization effects on E.coli by adding CaCN2 into cattle manure compost especially in winter.
文摘Escherichia coli(E. coli), and particularly the adherent invasive E. coli(AIEC) pathotype, has been increasingly implicated in the ethiopathogenesis of Crohn's disease(CD). E. coli strains with similar pathogenic features to AIEC have been associated with other intestinal disorders such as ulcerative colitis, colorectal cancer, and coeliac disease, but AIEC prevalence in these diseases remains largely unexplored. Since AIEC was described one decade ago, substantial progress has been made in deciphering its mechanisms of pathogenicity. However, the molecular bases that characterize the phenotypic properties of this pathotype are still not well resolved. A review of studies focused on E. coli populations in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) is presented here and we discuss about the putative role of this species on each IBD subtype. Given the relevance of AIEC in CD pathogenesis, we present the latest research findings concerning AIEC host-microbe interactions and pathogenicity. We also review the existing data regarding the prevalence and abundance of AIEC in CD and its association with other intestinal diseases from humans and animals, in order to discuss the AIEC disease- and hostspecificity. Finally, we highlight the fact that dietarycomponents frequently found in industrialized countries may enhance AIEC colonization in the gut, which merits further investigation and the implementation of preventative measures.
文摘Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease, whose etiology is still unclear. Its pathogenesis involves an interaction between genetic factors, immune response and the “forgotten organ”, Gut Microbiota. Several studies have been conducted to assess the role of antibiotics and probiotics as additional or alternative therapies for Ulcerative Colitis. Escherichia coli Nissle (EcN) is a nonpathogenic Gram-negative strain isolated in 1917 by Alfred Nissle and it is the active component of microbial drug Mutaflor<sup>®</sup> (Ardeypharm GmbH, Herdecke, Germany and EcN, Cadigroup, In Italy) used in many gastrointestinal disorder including diarrhea, uncomplicated diverticular disease and UC. It is the only probiotic recommended in ECCO guidelines as effective alternative to mesalazine in maintenance of remission in UC patients. In this review we propose an update on the role of EcN 1917 in maintenance of remission in UC patients, including data about efficacy and safety. Further studies may be helpful for this subject to further the full use of potential of EcN.
基金grants from Ministère de la Recherche et de la Technologie (EA3844)INRA (USC 2018),Association F Aupetit,Institut de Recherche des Maladies de l’Appareil Digestif,laboratoire Astra France
文摘Increased numbers of mucosa-associated Escherichia coli are observed in both of the major inflammatory bowel diseases,Crohn's disease(CD)and ulcerative colitis(UC).A potential pathophysiological link between the presence of pathogenic invasive bacteria and genetic host susceptibility of patients with ileal CD is suspected.In CD patients,with increased ileal expression of the CEACAM6 molecule acting as a receptor recognized by type 1 pilus bacterial adhesin,and with the identification of mutations in the NOD2-encoding gene,the presence of pathogenic invasive bacteria could be the link between abnormal ileal bacterial colonization and innate immune responses to invasive bacteria.In a susceptible host,the sequential etiological steps of the disease induced by adherent-invasive E.coli(AIEC)are:(1)abnormal colonization via binding to the CEACAM6 receptor,which is overexpressed in the ileal mucosa of CD patients;(2)ability to adhere to and to invade intestinal epithelial cells,which allows bacteria to cross the mucosal barrier;(3)survival and replication within infected macrophages in the lamina propria;and(4)induction of tumor necrosis factor-α secretion and granuloma formation.
基金This work was supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30070903).
文摘Extended-spectrum β-lactamases （ESBLs） are the main cause of resistance to the third and forth-generation cephalosporins in Enterobacteriaceae, which are mediated by plasmids and can hydrolyze oxyiminoaminothiazolyl cephalosporins and monobactams. Most of ESBLs are mutants of the classical TEM and SHV types, with one or more amino-acid substitution（s） in the active site.
