Hydraulic fracturing is a powerful technology used to stimulate fluid production from reservoirs. The fully 3-D numerical simulation of the hydraulic fracturing process is of great importance to the efficient applicat...Hydraulic fracturing is a powerful technology used to stimulate fluid production from reservoirs. The fully 3-D numerical simulation of the hydraulic fracturing process is of great importance to the efficient application of this technology, but is also a great challenge because of the strong nonlinear coupling between the viscous flow of fluid and fracture propagation. By taking advantage of a cohesive zone method to simulate the fracture process, a finite element model based on the existing pore pressure cohesive finite elements has been established to investigate the propagation of a penny-shaped hydraulic fracture in an infinite elastic medium. The effect of cohesive material parameters and fluid viscosity on the hydraulic fracture behaviour has been investigated. Excellent agreement between the finite element results and analytical solutions for the limiting case where the fracture process is dominated by rock fracture toughness demonstrates the ability of the cohesive zone finite element model in simulating the hydraulic fracture growth for this case.展开更多
Based on patent cooperation data,this study used a range of city network analysis approaches in order to explore the structure of the Chinese city network which is driven by technological knowledge flows.The results r...Based on patent cooperation data,this study used a range of city network analysis approaches in order to explore the structure of the Chinese city network which is driven by technological knowledge flows.The results revealed the spatial structure,composition structure,hierarchical structure,group structure,and control structure of Chinese city network,as well as its dynamic factors.The major findings are:1) the spatial pattern presents a diamond structure,in which Wuhan is the central city;2) although the invention patent knowledge network is the main part of the broader inter-city innovative cooperation network,it is weaker than the utility model patent;3) as the senior level cities,Beijing,Shanghai and the cities in the Zhujiang(Pearl) River Delta Region show a strong capability of both spreading and controlling technological knowledge;4) whilst a national technology alliance has preliminarily formed,regional alliances have not been adequately established;5) even though the cooperation level amongst weak connection cities is not high,such cities still play an important role in the network as a result of their location within ′structural holes′ in the network;and 6) the major driving forces facilitating inter-city technological cooperation are geographical proximity,hierarchical proximity and technological proximity.展开更多
This study proposes an algorithm of embedding cohesive elements in Abaqus and develops the computer code to model 3D complex cragk propagation in quasi-brittle materials in a relatively easy and efficient manner. The ...This study proposes an algorithm of embedding cohesive elements in Abaqus and develops the computer code to model 3D complex cragk propagation in quasi-brittle materials in a relatively easy and efficient manner. The cohesive elements with softening traction-separation relations and damage initiation and evolution laws are embedded between solid elements in regions of interest in the initial mesh to model potential cracks. The initial mesh can consist of tetrahedrons, wedges, bricks or a mixture of these elements. Neither remeshing nor objective crack propagation criteria are needed. Four examples of concrete specimens, including a wedgesplitting test, a notched beam under torsion, a pull-out test of an anchored cylinder and a notched beam under impact, were modelled and analysed. The simulated crack propagation processes and load-displacement curves agreed well with test results or other numerical simulations for all the examples using initial meshes with reasonable densities. Making use of Abaqus＇s rich pre/post- processing functionalities and powerful standard/explicit solvers, the developed method offers a practical tool for engineering analysts to model complex 3D fracture problems.展开更多
In the present work, a computational frame- work is established for multiscale modeling and analysis of solid propellants. A packing algorithm, considering the am- monium perchlorate （AP） and aluminum （A1） particl...In the present work, a computational frame- work is established for multiscale modeling and analysis of solid propellants. A packing algorithm, considering the am- monium perchlorate （AP） and aluminum （A1） particles as spheres or discs is developed to match the size distribution and volume fraction of solid propellants. A homogenization theory is employed to compute the mean stress and strain of a representative volume element （RVE）. Using the mean results, a suitable size of RVE is decided. Without consider- ing the interfaces between particles and matrix, several nu- merical simulations of the relaxation of propellants are per- formed. The relaxation effect and the nonlinear mechanical behavior of propellants which are dependent on the applied loads are discussed. A new technology named surface-based cohesive behavior is proposed to describe the phenomenon of particle dewetting consisting of two ingredients： a damage initiation criterion and a damage evolution law. Several ex- amples considering contact damage behavior are computed and also nonlinear behavior caused by damaged interfaces is discussed in this paper. Furthermore the effects of the criti- cal contact stress, initial contact stiffness and contact failure distance on the damaged interface model have been studied.展开更多
The numerical effort of discrete element method (DEM) simulations results in a general idealisation of DEM models that makes the calibration crucial to obtaining realistic simulation results. The angle of repose test ...The numerical effort of discrete element method (DEM) simulations results in a general idealisation of DEM models that makes the calibration crucial to obtaining realistic simulation results. The angle of repose test has become a standard test for the calibration of DEM parameters of cohesionless bulk materials and is extensively discussed in the literature. One of the most used test methods is the pull-up test of a hollow cylinder filled with bulk material. This paper presents how this basic pull-up test can also be used for the calibration of DEM parameters of cohesive materials by changing the analysis criteria. In contrast to analysing the static angle of repose, the focus lies on the macroscopic flow behaviour during the lifting of the cylinder. Reproducible phases of flow are identified in experiments: the build-up of a stable bulk material column, the convex bending of the column, and the beginning of collapse of the column. Furthermore, the phases are independent of the size and lifting velocity. The convex bending of the bulk-material column combined with the moment of first collapse are introduced as new measurable calibration criteria. These experimental results of wet sand are used for the calibration of related DEM parameters using a simplified JKR cohesion model. The DEM calibration including an analysis algorithm that fits the experimental flow behaviour and the final selection of the relevant parameters (i.e., sliding friction coefficient, rolling friction coefficient, and cohesion energy density) is presented in detail.展开更多
We have investigated the effect of cohesion and drag models on the bed hydrodynamics of Geldart A particles based on the two-fluid （TF） model. For a high gas velocity U0 = 0.03 m/s, we found a transition from the ho...We have investigated the effect of cohesion and drag models on the bed hydrodynamics of Geldart A particles based on the two-fluid （TF） model. For a high gas velocity U0 = 0.03 m/s, we found a transition from the homogeneous fluidization to bubbling fluidization with an increase of the coefficient C1, which is used to account for the contribution of cohesion to the excess compressibility. Thus cohesion can play a role in the bed expansion of Geldart A particles. Apart from cohesion, we have also investigated the influence of the drag models. When using the Wen and Yu drag correlation with an exponent n = 4.65, we find an under-prediction of the bed expansion at low gas velocities （U0 = 0.009 m/s）. When using a larger exponent （n = 9.6）, as reported in experimental studies of gas-fluidization, a much better agreement with the experimental bed expansion is obtained. These findings suggest that at low gas velocity, a scale-down of the commonly used drag model is required. On the other hand, a scale-up of the commonly used drag model is necessary at high gas velocity （U0 = 0.2 and 0.06 m/s）. We therefore conclude that scaling the drag force represent only an ad hoc way of repairing the deficiencies of the TF model, and that a far more detailed study is required into the origin of the failure of the TF model for simulating fluidized beds of fine powders.展开更多
The Haihe cohesive sediment, which is typical in China, is studied systematically for its basic physical and incipient motion properties. Following the requirements of dredging works in the Haihe Estuary, cohesive sed...The Haihe cohesive sediment, which is typical in China, is studied systematically for its basic physical and incipient motion properties. Following the requirements of dredging works in the Haihe Estuary, cohesive sediment samples were taken from three locations. Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the rheological properties of these samples and to examine the incipient motion of the cohesive sediment. It is found that the cohesive sediment has an obvious yield stress tau(b), which increases with the mud density in a manner of an exponential function, and so does the viscosity parameter eta. The cohesive sediment behaves like a Bingham fluid when its density is below 1.38 similar to 1.40 g/cm(3), and when denser than these values, it may become a power-law fluid. The incipient motion experiment also revealed that the incipient velocity of the cohesive sediment increases with die density in an exponential manner. Therefore, the incipient motion is primarily related to the density, which is different from the case for non-cohesive sediment in which the incipient motion is con-elated with the diameter of sand particles instead. The incipient motion occurs in two different ways depending on the concentration of mud in the bottom. For sufficiently fine particles and a concentration lower than 1.20 g/cm(3), the cohesive sediment appears as fluidized mud, and the incipient motion is in the form of instability of an internal wave. For a higher concentration, the cohesive sediment appears as general quasi-solid-mud, and the incipient motion can be described by a series of extended Shields curves each with a different porosity for newly deposited alluvial mud.展开更多
In this paper,a primary model is established for MD(molecular dynamics) simulation for the PBXs(polymer-bonded explosives) with RDX(cyclotrimethylene trinitramine) as base explosive and PS as polymer binder.A series o...In this paper,a primary model is established for MD(molecular dynamics) simulation for the PBXs(polymer-bonded explosives) with RDX(cyclotrimethylene trinitramine) as base explosive and PS as polymer binder.A series of results from the MD simulation are compared between two PBX models,which are represented by PBX1 and PBX2,respectively,including one PS molecular chain having 46 repeating units and two PS molecular chains with each having 23 repeating units.It has been found that their structural,interaction energy and mechanical properties are basically consistent between the two models.A systematic MD study for the PBX2 is performed under NPT conditions at five different temperatures,i.e.,195 K,245 K,295 K,345 K,and 395 K.We have found that with the temperature increase,the maximum bond length(L max) of RDX N N trigger bond increases,and the interaction energy(E N-N) between two N atoms of the N-N trigger bond and the cohesive energy density(CED) decrease.These phenomena agree with the experimental fact that the PBX becomes more sensitive as the temperature increases.Therefore,we propose to use the maximum bond length L max of the trigger bond of the easily decomposed and exploded component and the interaction energy E N-N of the two relevant atoms as theoretical criteria to judge or predict the relative degree of heat and impact sensitivity for the energetic composites such as PBXs and solid propellants.展开更多
The erosion process of a cohesive sediment after consolidation was studied experimentally in a closed conduit system. The test samples investigated in this study are mixtures of sand and clay with variable composition...The erosion process of a cohesive sediment after consolidation was studied experimentally in a closed conduit system. The test samples investigated in this study are mixtures of sand and clay with variable compositions and different consolidation times. The main concern of this study is the effects of the dry density of the consolidated sediment on scour rate. A scour rate formula is derived and further interpreted based on the experimental results.展开更多
By means of flumes, experiments have been done in order to determine the effects of consolidation time and particle size on scour rates of cohesive sediment. Experimental results shown dry unit weight increased and sc...By means of flumes, experiments have been done in order to determine the effects of consolidation time and particle size on scour rates of cohesive sediment. Experimental results shown dry unit weight increased and scour rates decreased during the course of consolidation, the resistance to scour was related to consolidation time, but it presented different consolidation properties that depended on particle size. For the finer particle, the consolidation process was longer, the range of dry unit weight altered was greater, the consolidated sediments moved in chunks. On the other hand, based on analysis of the relationship of dry unit weight change with consolidation time, the simplified analytical expressions of dry unit weight and scour rates were derived, the results were checked with experimental data in the same flow situation and good agreements were achieved. Since the effects of different particle size were considered during the process of consolidation, the variations of consolidation properties were well reflected in these formulas.展开更多
Interface debonding between particle and matrix in composite propellant influences its macroscopic mechanical properties greatly. For this, the laws of interface cohesive damage and failure were analyzed. Then, its mi...Interface debonding between particle and matrix in composite propellant influences its macroscopic mechanical properties greatly. For this, the laws of interface cohesive damage and failure were analyzed. Then, its microscopic computational model was established. The interface mechanical response was modeled by the bilinear cohesive zone model. The effects of interface properties and particle sizes on the macroscopic mechanical behavior were investigated. Numerical simulation of debonding damage evolution of composite propellant under finite deformation was carried out. The debonding damage nucleation, propagation mechanism and non-uniform distribution of microscopic stress-strain fields were discussed. The results show that the finite element simulation method based on microstructure model can effectively predict the trend of macroscopic mechanical behavior and particle/matrix debonding evolution process. It can be used for damage simulation and failure assessment of composite propellants.展开更多
The required reinforcement force to prevent instability and the yield acceleration of reinforced slopes are computed under seismic loading by applying the kinematic approach of limit analysis in conjunction with the p...The required reinforcement force to prevent instability and the yield acceleration of reinforced slopes are computed under seismic loading by applying the kinematic approach of limit analysis in conjunction with the pseudo-dynamic method for a wide range of soil cohesion, friction angle, dilation angle and horizontal and vertical seismic coefficients. Each parameter threatening the stability of the slope enhances the magnitude of the required reinforcement force and vice versa. Moreover, the yield acceleration increases with the increase in soil shear strength parameters but decreases with the increase in the slope angle. The comparison of the present work with some of the available solutions in the literatures shows a reasonable agreement.展开更多
An extended finite element method incorporated with the cohesive crack model(CCM-based XFEM) is developed in consideration of crack tip enrichment.It could improve the accuracy and is introduced into dam safety monito...An extended finite element method incorporated with the cohesive crack model(CCM-based XFEM) is developed in consideration of crack tip enrichment.It could improve the accuracy and is introduced into dam safety monitoring for the first time.Firstly,the proposed method is verified for a benchmark concrete beam by comparing the results with those of numerical investigations obtained by other researchers.Furthermore,it is adopted as an alternative method for building the deformation hybrid models of non-stable cracks in an arc dam,for the reason that classical FEMs are cumbersome in modeling the cohesive crack growth due to the need of remeshing the moving discontinuities.Case study proves that the fitted results of the mentioned deformation hybrid model,better than the classical statistical model,are well consistent with the measured data and reliable to forecast the development tendency of crack deformation.Therefore,the present CCM-based XFEM could provide a practical way to simulate and monitor the cracking process in concrete arch dam.展开更多
文摘Hydraulic fracturing is a powerful technology used to stimulate fluid production from reservoirs. The fully 3-D numerical simulation of the hydraulic fracturing process is of great importance to the efficient application of this technology, but is also a great challenge because of the strong nonlinear coupling between the viscous flow of fluid and fracture propagation. By taking advantage of a cohesive zone method to simulate the fracture process, a finite element model based on the existing pore pressure cohesive finite elements has been established to investigate the propagation of a penny-shaped hydraulic fracture in an infinite elastic medium. The effect of cohesive material parameters and fluid viscosity on the hydraulic fracture behaviour has been investigated. Excellent agreement between the finite element results and analytical solutions for the limiting case where the fracture process is dominated by rock fracture toughness demonstrates the ability of the cohesive zone finite element model in simulating the hydraulic fracture growth for this case.
基金Under the auspices of Major Project of National Social Science Foundation of China(No.13&ZD027)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41201128,71433008)
文摘Based on patent cooperation data,this study used a range of city network analysis approaches in order to explore the structure of the Chinese city network which is driven by technological knowledge flows.The results revealed the spatial structure,composition structure,hierarchical structure,group structure,and control structure of Chinese city network,as well as its dynamic factors.The major findings are:1) the spatial pattern presents a diamond structure,in which Wuhan is the central city;2) although the invention patent knowledge network is the main part of the broader inter-city innovative cooperation network,it is weaker than the utility model patent;3) as the senior level cities,Beijing,Shanghai and the cities in the Zhujiang(Pearl) River Delta Region show a strong capability of both spreading and controlling technological knowledge;4) whilst a national technology alliance has preliminarily formed,regional alliances have not been adequately established;5) even though the cooperation level amongst weak connection cities is not high,such cities still play an important role in the network as a result of their location within ′structural holes′ in the network;and 6) the major driving forces facilitating inter-city technological cooperation are geographical proximity,hierarchical proximity and technological proximity.
基金supported by EPSRC UK(No.EP/F00656X/1)Xiangting Su's one-year visit to the University of Liverpoosupported by the China Scholarship Council and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50579081).
文摘This study proposes an algorithm of embedding cohesive elements in Abaqus and develops the computer code to model 3D complex cragk propagation in quasi-brittle materials in a relatively easy and efficient manner. The cohesive elements with softening traction-separation relations and damage initiation and evolution laws are embedded between solid elements in regions of interest in the initial mesh to model potential cracks. The initial mesh can consist of tetrahedrons, wedges, bricks or a mixture of these elements. Neither remeshing nor objective crack propagation criteria are needed. Four examples of concrete specimens, including a wedgesplitting test, a notched beam under torsion, a pull-out test of an anchored cylinder and a notched beam under impact, were modelled and analysed. The simulated crack propagation processes and load-displacement curves agreed well with test results or other numerical simulations for all the examples using initial meshes with reasonable densities. Making use of Abaqus＇s rich pre/post- processing functionalities and powerful standard/explicit solvers, the developed method offers a practical tool for engineering analysts to model complex 3D fracture problems.
文摘In the present work, a computational frame- work is established for multiscale modeling and analysis of solid propellants. A packing algorithm, considering the am- monium perchlorate （AP） and aluminum （A1） particles as spheres or discs is developed to match the size distribution and volume fraction of solid propellants. A homogenization theory is employed to compute the mean stress and strain of a representative volume element （RVE）. Using the mean results, a suitable size of RVE is decided. Without consider- ing the interfaces between particles and matrix, several nu- merical simulations of the relaxation of propellants are per- formed. The relaxation effect and the nonlinear mechanical behavior of propellants which are dependent on the applied loads are discussed. A new technology named surface-based cohesive behavior is proposed to describe the phenomenon of particle dewetting consisting of two ingredients： a damage initiation criterion and a damage evolution law. Several ex- amples considering contact damage behavior are computed and also nonlinear behavior caused by damaged interfaces is discussed in this paper. Furthermore the effects of the criti- cal contact stress, initial contact stiffness and contact failure distance on the damaged interface model have been studied.
文摘The numerical effort of discrete element method (DEM) simulations results in a general idealisation of DEM models that makes the calibration crucial to obtaining realistic simulation results. The angle of repose test has become a standard test for the calibration of DEM parameters of cohesionless bulk materials and is extensively discussed in the literature. One of the most used test methods is the pull-up test of a hollow cylinder filled with bulk material. This paper presents how this basic pull-up test can also be used for the calibration of DEM parameters of cohesive materials by changing the analysis criteria. In contrast to analysing the static angle of repose, the focus lies on the macroscopic flow behaviour during the lifting of the cylinder. Reproducible phases of flow are identified in experiments: the build-up of a stable bulk material column, the convex bending of the column, and the beginning of collapse of the column. Furthermore, the phases are independent of the size and lifting velocity. The convex bending of the bulk-material column combined with the moment of first collapse are introduced as new measurable calibration criteria. These experimental results of wet sand are used for the calibration of related DEM parameters using a simplified JKR cohesion model. The DEM calibration including an analysis algorithm that fits the experimental flow behaviour and the final selection of the relevant parameters (i.e., sliding friction coefficient, rolling friction coefficient, and cohesion energy density) is presented in detail.
文摘We have investigated the effect of cohesion and drag models on the bed hydrodynamics of Geldart A particles based on the two-fluid （TF） model. For a high gas velocity U0 = 0.03 m/s, we found a transition from the homogeneous fluidization to bubbling fluidization with an increase of the coefficient C1, which is used to account for the contribution of cohesion to the excess compressibility. Thus cohesion can play a role in the bed expansion of Geldart A particles. Apart from cohesion, we have also investigated the influence of the drag models. When using the Wen and Yu drag correlation with an exponent n = 4.65, we find an under-prediction of the bed expansion at low gas velocities （U0 = 0.009 m/s）. When using a larger exponent （n = 9.6）, as reported in experimental studies of gas-fluidization, a much better agreement with the experimental bed expansion is obtained. These findings suggest that at low gas velocity, a scale-down of the commonly used drag model is required. On the other hand, a scale-up of the commonly used drag model is necessary at high gas velocity （U0 = 0.2 and 0.06 m/s）. We therefore conclude that scaling the drag force represent only an ad hoc way of repairing the deficiencies of the TF model, and that a far more detailed study is required into the origin of the failure of the TF model for simulating fluidized beds of fine powders.
基金This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC&RGC)under contract Nos.59809006 and 50279030and also supported by the Science Foundation of Tianjin Municipality under contract No.983702011,RGC of the Hong Kong Specia
文摘The Haihe cohesive sediment, which is typical in China, is studied systematically for its basic physical and incipient motion properties. Following the requirements of dredging works in the Haihe Estuary, cohesive sediment samples were taken from three locations. Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the rheological properties of these samples and to examine the incipient motion of the cohesive sediment. It is found that the cohesive sediment has an obvious yield stress tau(b), which increases with the mud density in a manner of an exponential function, and so does the viscosity parameter eta. The cohesive sediment behaves like a Bingham fluid when its density is below 1.38 similar to 1.40 g/cm(3), and when denser than these values, it may become a power-law fluid. The incipient motion experiment also revealed that the incipient velocity of the cohesive sediment increases with die density in an exponential manner. Therefore, the incipient motion is primarily related to the density, which is different from the case for non-cohesive sediment in which the incipient motion is con-elated with the diameter of sand particles instead. The incipient motion occurs in two different ways depending on the concentration of mud in the bottom. For sufficiently fine particles and a concentration lower than 1.20 g/cm(3), the cohesive sediment appears as fluidized mud, and the incipient motion is in the form of instability of an internal wave. For a higher concentration, the cohesive sediment appears as general quasi-solid-mud, and the incipient motion can be described by a series of extended Shields curves each with a different porosity for newly deposited alluvial mud.
基金supported by the National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics,Institute of Fluid Physics,China Academy of Engineering Physics(076100-1197F)the Defence Industrial Technology Development Program(B1520110002)the State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology,Beijing Institute of Technology(KFJJ09-5)
文摘In this paper,a primary model is established for MD(molecular dynamics) simulation for the PBXs(polymer-bonded explosives) with RDX(cyclotrimethylene trinitramine) as base explosive and PS as polymer binder.A series of results from the MD simulation are compared between two PBX models,which are represented by PBX1 and PBX2,respectively,including one PS molecular chain having 46 repeating units and two PS molecular chains with each having 23 repeating units.It has been found that their structural,interaction energy and mechanical properties are basically consistent between the two models.A systematic MD study for the PBX2 is performed under NPT conditions at five different temperatures,i.e.,195 K,245 K,295 K,345 K,and 395 K.We have found that with the temperature increase,the maximum bond length(L max) of RDX N N trigger bond increases,and the interaction energy(E N-N) between two N atoms of the N-N trigger bond and the cohesive energy density(CED) decrease.These phenomena agree with the experimental fact that the PBX becomes more sensitive as the temperature increases.Therefore,we propose to use the maximum bond length L max of the trigger bond of the easily decomposed and exploded component and the interaction energy E N-N of the two relevant atoms as theoretical criteria to judge or predict the relative degree of heat and impact sensitivity for the energetic composites such as PBXs and solid propellants.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.50679064)
文摘The erosion process of a cohesive sediment after consolidation was studied experimentally in a closed conduit system. The test samples investigated in this study are mixtures of sand and clay with variable compositions and different consolidation times. The main concern of this study is the effects of the dry density of the consolidated sediment on scour rate. A scour rate formula is derived and further interpreted based on the experimental results.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50679064)the Fund of Ph. D. Student Supervisor of Ministry of Education of China (Grant No. 20050486007)the National Key Project for Basic Research (Grant No. 2003CB415200).
文摘By means of flumes, experiments have been done in order to determine the effects of consolidation time and particle size on scour rates of cohesive sediment. Experimental results shown dry unit weight increased and scour rates decreased during the course of consolidation, the resistance to scour was related to consolidation time, but it presented different consolidation properties that depended on particle size. For the finer particle, the consolidation process was longer, the range of dry unit weight altered was greater, the consolidated sediments moved in chunks. On the other hand, based on analysis of the relationship of dry unit weight change with consolidation time, the simplified analytical expressions of dry unit weight and scour rates were derived, the results were checked with experimental data in the same flow situation and good agreements were achieved. Since the effects of different particle size were considered during the process of consolidation, the variations of consolidation properties were well reflected in these formulas.
基金Sponsored by the General Armament Department Advanced Research Project (20101019)
文摘Interface debonding between particle and matrix in composite propellant influences its macroscopic mechanical properties greatly. For this, the laws of interface cohesive damage and failure were analyzed. Then, its microscopic computational model was established. The interface mechanical response was modeled by the bilinear cohesive zone model. The effects of interface properties and particle sizes on the macroscopic mechanical behavior were investigated. Numerical simulation of debonding damage evolution of composite propellant under finite deformation was carried out. The debonding damage nucleation, propagation mechanism and non-uniform distribution of microscopic stress-strain fields were discussed. The results show that the finite element simulation method based on microstructure model can effectively predict the trend of macroscopic mechanical behavior and particle/matrix debonding evolution process. It can be used for damage simulation and failure assessment of composite propellants.
文摘The required reinforcement force to prevent instability and the yield acceleration of reinforced slopes are computed under seismic loading by applying the kinematic approach of limit analysis in conjunction with the pseudo-dynamic method for a wide range of soil cohesion, friction angle, dilation angle and horizontal and vertical seismic coefficients. Each parameter threatening the stability of the slope enhances the magnitude of the required reinforcement force and vice versa. Moreover, the yield acceleration increases with the increase in soil shear strength parameters but decreases with the increase in the slope angle. The comparison of the present work with some of the available solutions in the literatures shows a reasonable agreement.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 50879024,50909041)Special Fund of State Key Laboratory of China (Grant Nos. 2009586012,2010585212) the Fun-damental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant Nos. 2009B08514,2010B20414)
文摘An extended finite element method incorporated with the cohesive crack model(CCM-based XFEM) is developed in consideration of crack tip enrichment.It could improve the accuracy and is introduced into dam safety monitoring for the first time.Firstly,the proposed method is verified for a benchmark concrete beam by comparing the results with those of numerical investigations obtained by other researchers.Furthermore,it is adopted as an alternative method for building the deformation hybrid models of non-stable cracks in an arc dam,for the reason that classical FEMs are cumbersome in modeling the cohesive crack growth due to the need of remeshing the moving discontinuities.Case study proves that the fitted results of the mentioned deformation hybrid model,better than the classical statistical model,are well consistent with the measured data and reliable to forecast the development tendency of crack deformation.Therefore,the present CCM-based XFEM could provide a practical way to simulate and monitor the cracking process in concrete arch dam.
