Protein binding is essential to the transport,decay and regulation of almost all RNA molecules.However,the structural preference of protein binding on RNAs and their cellular functions and dynamics upon changing envir...Protein binding is essential to the transport,decay and regulation of almost all RNA molecules.However,the structural preference of protein binding on RNAs and their cellular functions and dynamics upon changing environmental conditions are poorly understood.Here,we integrated various high-throughput data and introduced a computational framework to describe the global interactions between RNA binding proteins(RBPs)and structured RNAs in yeast at single-nucleotide resolution.We found that on average,in terms of percent total lengths,~15%of mRNA untranslated regions(UTRs),~37%of canonical non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs)and^11%of long ncRNAs(lncRNAs)are bound by proteins.The RBP binding sites,in general,tend to occur at single-stranded loops,with evolutionarily conserved signatures,and often facilitate a specific RNA structure conformation in vivo.We found that four nucleotide modifications of tRNA are significantly associated with RBP binding.We also identified various structural motifs bound by RBPs in the UTRs of mRNAs,associated with localization,degradation and stress responses.Moreover,we identified>200 novel lncRNAs bound by RBPs,and about half of them contain conserved secondary structures.We present the first ensemble pattern of RBP binding sites in the structured non-coding regions of a eukaryotic genome,emphasizing their structural context and cellular functions.展开更多
The recently proposed extreme-ultraviolet beams with time-varying orbital angular momentum(OAM)realized by high-harmonic generation provide extraordinary tools for quantum excitation control and particle manipulation....The recently proposed extreme-ultraviolet beams with time-varying orbital angular momentum(OAM)realized by high-harmonic generation provide extraordinary tools for quantum excitation control and particle manipulation.However,such an approach is not easily scalable to other frequency regimes.We design a space-time-coding digital metasurface operating in the microwave regime to experimentally generate time-varying OAM beams.Due to the flexible programmability of the metasurface,a higher-order twist in the envelope wavefront structure of time-varying OAM beams can be further designed as an additional degree of freedom.The time-varying OAM field patterns are dynamically mapped by developing a two-probe measurement technique.Our approach in combining the programmability of space-time-coding digital metasurfaces and the two-probe measurement technique provides a versatile platform for generating and observing time-varying OAM and other spatiotemporal excitations in general.The proposed time-varying OAM beams have application potentials in particle manipulation,time-division multiplexing,and information encryption.展开更多
针对新一代高效视频编码标准(high efficient video coding,HEVC)逐一划分、逐层对预测模式进行RDO过程计算复杂度高的问题,提出基于结构张量和活动值的HEVC-SCC帧内快速算法。首先利用屏幕内容图像中均匀和小的全局运动区域常用大尺寸...针对新一代高效视频编码标准(high efficient video coding,HEVC)逐一划分、逐层对预测模式进行RDO过程计算复杂度高的问题,提出基于结构张量和活动值的HEVC-SCC帧内快速算法。首先利用屏幕内容图像中均匀和小的全局运动区域常用大尺寸单元CU编码,复杂或大的全局运动区域常用小尺寸CU编码的特点,通过提取能够表示CU均匀性的结构张量,研究结构张量与CTU深度划分的联系,在CTU进行遍历不同深度下的编码模式前先对当前深度CU计算结构张量值,通过结构张量值判断是否跳过当前深度下的遍历率失真优化(RDO)的过程。其次利用屏幕内容和自然内容图像纹理特性不同,屏幕内容常含有水平或垂直的边,提出了基于图像活动值的屏幕内容帧内编码模式决策。通过计算图像的编码单元(coding unit,CU)的水平活动值、垂直活动值,对CU进行判别以跳过遍历所有预测模式的过程。所提的算法经过实验测试,在全帧内(all intra)配置下,与SCM-8.8算法相比能减少26.65%的编码时间,而BDBR仅增加1.95%。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31271402 and 31100601)the National Key Basic Research Program(2012CB316503)
文摘Protein binding is essential to the transport,decay and regulation of almost all RNA molecules.However,the structural preference of protein binding on RNAs and their cellular functions and dynamics upon changing environmental conditions are poorly understood.Here,we integrated various high-throughput data and introduced a computational framework to describe the global interactions between RNA binding proteins(RBPs)and structured RNAs in yeast at single-nucleotide resolution.We found that on average,in terms of percent total lengths,~15%of mRNA untranslated regions(UTRs),~37%of canonical non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs)and^11%of long ncRNAs(lncRNAs)are bound by proteins.The RBP binding sites,in general,tend to occur at single-stranded loops,with evolutionarily conserved signatures,and often facilitate a specific RNA structure conformation in vivo.We found that four nucleotide modifications of tRNA are significantly associated with RBP binding.We also identified various structural motifs bound by RBPs in the UTRs of mRNAs,associated with localization,degradation and stress responses.Moreover,we identified>200 novel lncRNAs bound by RBPs,and about half of them contain conserved secondary structures.We present the first ensemble pattern of RBP binding sites in the structured non-coding regions of a eukaryotic genome,emphasizing their structural context and cellular functions.
基金This work was supported by the Hong Kong Research Grants Council(Project Nos.R6015-18 and C6012-20G).
文摘The recently proposed extreme-ultraviolet beams with time-varying orbital angular momentum(OAM)realized by high-harmonic generation provide extraordinary tools for quantum excitation control and particle manipulation.However,such an approach is not easily scalable to other frequency regimes.We design a space-time-coding digital metasurface operating in the microwave regime to experimentally generate time-varying OAM beams.Due to the flexible programmability of the metasurface,a higher-order twist in the envelope wavefront structure of time-varying OAM beams can be further designed as an additional degree of freedom.The time-varying OAM field patterns are dynamically mapped by developing a two-probe measurement technique.Our approach in combining the programmability of space-time-coding digital metasurfaces and the two-probe measurement technique provides a versatile platform for generating and observing time-varying OAM and other spatiotemporal excitations in general.The proposed time-varying OAM beams have application potentials in particle manipulation,time-division multiplexing,and information encryption.
