药物和个人护理用品(Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products,PPCPs)是在环境中长期存在并对人类乃至整个生态系统的健康造成威胁的两类化学消费品。珠江三角洲流域PPCPs的检出水平总体较高,沿海地区地下水中的PPCPs污染有待进一步...药物和个人护理用品(Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products,PPCPs)是在环境中长期存在并对人类乃至整个生态系统的健康造成威胁的两类化学消费品。珠江三角洲流域PPCPs的检出水平总体较高,沿海地区地下水中的PPCPs污染有待进一步探究。于2021年9月在珠海市唐家湾镇采集了16个地下水样本,使用LC-MS/MS分析技术对21种PPCPs进行检测,使用数理统计方法和相关性分析对研究区地下水中PPCPs浓度特征和污染来源进行解析,并结合地下水化学特征及统计分析对其影响因素进行探究,旨在为滨海地区地下水的PPCPs特征分析提供案例依据。研究发现,1)研究区地下水呈弱酸至弱碱性,水化学类型多属于HCO_(3)-Ca型,沿地下水流方向受人为污染的影响越来越显著。2)研究区地下水中检测到6种PPCPs,平均质量浓度和检出率分别为:磺胺甲恶唑(5.51 ng·L^(-1),81%)、磺胺甲基嘧啶(1.18 ng·L^(-1),100%)、磺胺二甲基嘧啶(0.168 ng·L^(-1),25%)、卡马西平(35.7 ng·L^(-1),94%)、咖啡因(110 ng·L^(-1),100%)、西马特罗(0.100 ng·L^(-1),6%);磺胺类化合物和卡马西平从补给区到排泄区整体污染情况加重,存在一定累积效应,而咖啡因无明显的空间分布规律;可以将卡马西平视作研究区内PPCPs总体污染的潜在标志物。3)研究区地下水PPCPs属于农业和城镇活动的混合来源;磺胺二甲基嘧啶与水温呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与代谢菌群的繁殖和吸附过程有关;磺胺甲基嘧啶和咖啡因均与溶解氧呈显著负相关(P<0.05),与化粪池污水输入有关。综上所述,研究区地下水受到人类活动污染的程度较高,农业和城镇活动将大量PPCPs引入到地下水当中。展开更多
This paper reports on the current state of surface water and ocean contamination models—based on the needs of US Government agencies, their Information Technology (IT) systems, and business processes. In addition, do...This paper reports on the current state of surface water and ocean contamination models—based on the needs of US Government agencies, their Information Technology (IT) systems, and business processes. In addition, down-selection and evaluation criteria were applied in a two-step process. In Step 1, sixty five surface water and ocean models were identified and researched. In Step 2, the following criteria were explored for each model: 1) model environment (river, lake estuary, coastal ocean and watershed);2) degree of analysis (screening model intermediate model, advanced model);3) availability (public domain, proprietary);4) temporal variability (steady state or time variable/dynamic);5) spatial resolution (one, two or three dimensional);6) processes (flow, transport, both flow and transport in an integrated system);7) water quality (chemical, biological, radionuclides, sediment);and 8) support (user support/training available, user manuals/documents available).展开更多
Attention must be in identifying and managing watershed landscapes because of the importance of preserving natural resources. Therefore, this manuscript identifies and maps the coastal area of the Pacoti River Watersh...Attention must be in identifying and managing watershed landscapes because of the importance of preserving natural resources. Therefore, this manuscript identifies and maps the coastal area of the Pacoti River Watershed. The methods were the analysis of landscape maps from Ceará research agencies and fieldwork to verify the information. The conclusion is that using technology has become a decisive and effective factor when identifying and analyzing physical characteristics in geomorphologic compartments in the Pacoti River Watershed.展开更多
Coastal watersheds differ from inland by their unique features including proximity to the ocean, weather and rainfall patterns, drainage system, subsurface aquifer conditions and geomorphological units. Land use chang...Coastal watersheds differ from inland by their unique features including proximity to the ocean, weather and rainfall patterns, drainage system, subsurface aquifer conditions and geomorphological units. Land use changes and competing needs for water resources are especially more distinctive to such watersheds. This difference leads to put forward the Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM), and is deemed to provide an operational tool for future researchers, developers and policy makers. Some important attributes necessary for watershed management in terms of land capability zonation include drainage, altitude, geology and slopes. The paper incorporates results of representative watershed namely Shringar Tali watershed. GIS technique was used to generate layers like drainage and springs, geology, contour, slopes and Digital Elevation Model (DEM), essential for watershed management. On the basis of interpretation of layers and superimposed picture obtained, Land Capability Zonation Map (LCZM) was prepared. The scope for spring sanctuary development, agro-forestry and aquaculture development is discussed in the paper.展开更多
文摘药物和个人护理用品(Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products,PPCPs)是在环境中长期存在并对人类乃至整个生态系统的健康造成威胁的两类化学消费品。珠江三角洲流域PPCPs的检出水平总体较高,沿海地区地下水中的PPCPs污染有待进一步探究。于2021年9月在珠海市唐家湾镇采集了16个地下水样本,使用LC-MS/MS分析技术对21种PPCPs进行检测,使用数理统计方法和相关性分析对研究区地下水中PPCPs浓度特征和污染来源进行解析,并结合地下水化学特征及统计分析对其影响因素进行探究,旨在为滨海地区地下水的PPCPs特征分析提供案例依据。研究发现,1)研究区地下水呈弱酸至弱碱性,水化学类型多属于HCO_(3)-Ca型,沿地下水流方向受人为污染的影响越来越显著。2)研究区地下水中检测到6种PPCPs,平均质量浓度和检出率分别为:磺胺甲恶唑(5.51 ng·L^(-1),81%)、磺胺甲基嘧啶(1.18 ng·L^(-1),100%)、磺胺二甲基嘧啶(0.168 ng·L^(-1),25%)、卡马西平(35.7 ng·L^(-1),94%)、咖啡因(110 ng·L^(-1),100%)、西马特罗(0.100 ng·L^(-1),6%);磺胺类化合物和卡马西平从补给区到排泄区整体污染情况加重,存在一定累积效应,而咖啡因无明显的空间分布规律;可以将卡马西平视作研究区内PPCPs总体污染的潜在标志物。3)研究区地下水PPCPs属于农业和城镇活动的混合来源;磺胺二甲基嘧啶与水温呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与代谢菌群的繁殖和吸附过程有关;磺胺甲基嘧啶和咖啡因均与溶解氧呈显著负相关(P<0.05),与化粪池污水输入有关。综上所述,研究区地下水受到人类活动污染的程度较高,农业和城镇活动将大量PPCPs引入到地下水当中。
文摘This paper reports on the current state of surface water and ocean contamination models—based on the needs of US Government agencies, their Information Technology (IT) systems, and business processes. In addition, down-selection and evaluation criteria were applied in a two-step process. In Step 1, sixty five surface water and ocean models were identified and researched. In Step 2, the following criteria were explored for each model: 1) model environment (river, lake estuary, coastal ocean and watershed);2) degree of analysis (screening model intermediate model, advanced model);3) availability (public domain, proprietary);4) temporal variability (steady state or time variable/dynamic);5) spatial resolution (one, two or three dimensional);6) processes (flow, transport, both flow and transport in an integrated system);7) water quality (chemical, biological, radionuclides, sediment);and 8) support (user support/training available, user manuals/documents available).
文摘Attention must be in identifying and managing watershed landscapes because of the importance of preserving natural resources. Therefore, this manuscript identifies and maps the coastal area of the Pacoti River Watershed. The methods were the analysis of landscape maps from Ceará research agencies and fieldwork to verify the information. The conclusion is that using technology has become a decisive and effective factor when identifying and analyzing physical characteristics in geomorphologic compartments in the Pacoti River Watershed.
文摘Coastal watersheds differ from inland by their unique features including proximity to the ocean, weather and rainfall patterns, drainage system, subsurface aquifer conditions and geomorphological units. Land use changes and competing needs for water resources are especially more distinctive to such watersheds. This difference leads to put forward the Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM), and is deemed to provide an operational tool for future researchers, developers and policy makers. Some important attributes necessary for watershed management in terms of land capability zonation include drainage, altitude, geology and slopes. The paper incorporates results of representative watershed namely Shringar Tali watershed. GIS technique was used to generate layers like drainage and springs, geology, contour, slopes and Digital Elevation Model (DEM), essential for watershed management. On the basis of interpretation of layers and superimposed picture obtained, Land Capability Zonation Map (LCZM) was prepared. The scope for spring sanctuary development, agro-forestry and aquaculture development is discussed in the paper.
