目的探讨控制性低中心静脉压(controlled low central venous pressure,CLCVP)技术在肝细胞癌腹腔镜肝切除术中应用的有效性及安全性。方法选择2017年1~7月因肝细胞癌行腹腔镜肝切除术52例,采用密闭信封法随机分为低中心静脉压组27例(...目的探讨控制性低中心静脉压(controlled low central venous pressure,CLCVP)技术在肝细胞癌腹腔镜肝切除术中应用的有效性及安全性。方法选择2017年1~7月因肝细胞癌行腹腔镜肝切除术52例,采用密闭信封法随机分为低中心静脉压组27例(低压组,2~4 cm H2O)和正常中心静脉压组25例(对照组,5~10 cm H2O)。2组年龄、性别、肿瘤直径、肝切除范围、肝癌分期、Child-Pugh分级、总胆红素、ICG-R15、肝硬度值差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。比较2组手术情况、术后并发症及术后住院时间。结果小范围(≤2个肝段)肝切除时,低压组(n=13)与对照组(n=14)手术时间、术中出血量、肝门阻断时间、术后并发症发生率、术后住院时间均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。大范围肝切除时,低压组(n=14)较对照组(n=11)具有较短的手术时间[(221.4±49.9)min vs.(287.2±69.4)min,t=-2.758,P=0.011],较少的术中出血量[中位数300(60~660)ml vs.450(200~1200)ml,Z=-2.853,P=0.004],较短的肝门阻断时间[15(10~45)min vs.30(15~60)min,Z=-2.429,P=0.015]以及较短的术后住院时间[(11.9±1.7)d vs.(14.1±2.2)d,t=-0.412,P=0.010]。结论在大范围腹腔镜肝切除时应用CLCVP技术是安全有效的,能够明显减少术中出血量,减少肝门阻断时间,缩短手术时间及住院日。展开更多
目的:探讨妊娠期急性脂肪肝(acute fatty liver of pregnancy,AFLP)患者的门诊筛查时机、指标和方案。方法:回顾性分析2006年1月至2013年12月间中南大学湘雅医院和湘雅二医院收治的、符合国内临床诊断和英国Swansea诊断标准的AFLP患者...目的:探讨妊娠期急性脂肪肝(acute fatty liver of pregnancy,AFLP)患者的门诊筛查时机、指标和方案。方法:回顾性分析2006年1月至2013年12月间中南大学湘雅医院和湘雅二医院收治的、符合国内临床诊断和英国Swansea诊断标准的AFLP患者的病例资料(n=78);并与国内外其他大型医疗中心或三级综合性医院报道的AFLP临床资料进行对比分析。结果:国内临床诊断和英国Swansea诊断标准对本组AFLP患者的诊断效率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。孕产妇病死率为14.10%(11/78),围产儿病死率为17.95%(14/78)。平均终止妊娠的孕龄为35.6周。85%以上的患者入院时有转氨酶、胆红素、白细胞总数和凝血功能的异常;50%~85%的患者有消化道症状、黄疸、肾功能受损和超声示肝脏声像改变或腹水;50%以下的患者出现低血糖、高血氨和肝性脑病等表现。结论:妊娠34周后可开始AFLP患者门诊筛查,血常规、肝功能联合凝血功能的检测可作为AFLP门诊筛查的一线指标和方案,消化道症状、肾功能、腹部超声可作为门诊筛查的二线指标和方案。展开更多
This critical review of the literature assembles and compares available data on breast cancer clinical stage, time intervals to care, and access barriers in different countries. It provides evidence that while more th...This critical review of the literature assembles and compares available data on breast cancer clinical stage, time intervals to care, and access barriers in different countries. It provides evidence that while more than 70% of breast cancer patients in most high-income countries are diagnosed in stages Ⅰ and Ⅱ, only 20%-50% patients in the majority of low- and middleincome countries are diagnosed in these earlier stages. Most studies in the developed world show an association between an advanced clinical stage of breast cancer and delays greater than three months between symptom discovery and treatment start. The evidence assembled in this review shows that the median of this interval is 30-48 d in high-income countries but 3-8 mo in low- and middle-income countries. The longest delays occur between the first medical consultation and the beginning of treatment, known as the provider interval. The little available evidence suggests that access barriers and quality deficiencies in cancer care are determinants of provider delay in low- and middle-income countries. Research on specific access barriers and deficiencies in quality of care for the early diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer is practically non-existentin these countries, where it is the most needed for the design of cost-effective public policies that strengthen health systems to tackle this expensive and deadly disease.展开更多
文摘目的探讨控制性低中心静脉压(controlled low central venous pressure,CLCVP)技术在肝细胞癌腹腔镜肝切除术中应用的有效性及安全性。方法选择2017年1~7月因肝细胞癌行腹腔镜肝切除术52例,采用密闭信封法随机分为低中心静脉压组27例(低压组,2~4 cm H2O)和正常中心静脉压组25例(对照组,5~10 cm H2O)。2组年龄、性别、肿瘤直径、肝切除范围、肝癌分期、Child-Pugh分级、总胆红素、ICG-R15、肝硬度值差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。比较2组手术情况、术后并发症及术后住院时间。结果小范围(≤2个肝段)肝切除时,低压组(n=13)与对照组(n=14)手术时间、术中出血量、肝门阻断时间、术后并发症发生率、术后住院时间均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。大范围肝切除时,低压组(n=14)较对照组(n=11)具有较短的手术时间[(221.4±49.9)min vs.(287.2±69.4)min,t=-2.758,P=0.011],较少的术中出血量[中位数300(60~660)ml vs.450(200~1200)ml,Z=-2.853,P=0.004],较短的肝门阻断时间[15(10~45)min vs.30(15~60)min,Z=-2.429,P=0.015]以及较短的术后住院时间[(11.9±1.7)d vs.(14.1±2.2)d,t=-0.412,P=0.010]。结论在大范围腹腔镜肝切除时应用CLCVP技术是安全有效的,能够明显减少术中出血量,减少肝门阻断时间,缩短手术时间及住院日。
文摘目的:探讨妊娠期急性脂肪肝(acute fatty liver of pregnancy,AFLP)患者的门诊筛查时机、指标和方案。方法:回顾性分析2006年1月至2013年12月间中南大学湘雅医院和湘雅二医院收治的、符合国内临床诊断和英国Swansea诊断标准的AFLP患者的病例资料(n=78);并与国内外其他大型医疗中心或三级综合性医院报道的AFLP临床资料进行对比分析。结果:国内临床诊断和英国Swansea诊断标准对本组AFLP患者的诊断效率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。孕产妇病死率为14.10%(11/78),围产儿病死率为17.95%(14/78)。平均终止妊娠的孕龄为35.6周。85%以上的患者入院时有转氨酶、胆红素、白细胞总数和凝血功能的异常;50%~85%的患者有消化道症状、黄疸、肾功能受损和超声示肝脏声像改变或腹水;50%以下的患者出现低血糖、高血氨和肝性脑病等表现。结论:妊娠34周后可开始AFLP患者门诊筛查,血常规、肝功能联合凝血功能的检测可作为AFLP门诊筛查的一线指标和方案,消化道症状、肾功能、腹部超声可作为门诊筛查的二线指标和方案。
文摘This critical review of the literature assembles and compares available data on breast cancer clinical stage, time intervals to care, and access barriers in different countries. It provides evidence that while more than 70% of breast cancer patients in most high-income countries are diagnosed in stages Ⅰ and Ⅱ, only 20%-50% patients in the majority of low- and middleincome countries are diagnosed in these earlier stages. Most studies in the developed world show an association between an advanced clinical stage of breast cancer and delays greater than three months between symptom discovery and treatment start. The evidence assembled in this review shows that the median of this interval is 30-48 d in high-income countries but 3-8 mo in low- and middle-income countries. The longest delays occur between the first medical consultation and the beginning of treatment, known as the provider interval. The little available evidence suggests that access barriers and quality deficiencies in cancer care are determinants of provider delay in low- and middle-income countries. Research on specific access barriers and deficiencies in quality of care for the early diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer is practically non-existentin these countries, where it is the most needed for the design of cost-effective public policies that strengthen health systems to tackle this expensive and deadly disease.
