Oviposition preference and egg deposition site selection by the butterfly, Papilio polytes L. （Lepidoptera： Papilionidae） on four rutaceous host plants, Citrus aurantofolia （Christm.） Swing., Citrus hystrix DC., ...Oviposition preference and egg deposition site selection by the butterfly, Papilio polytes L. （Lepidoptera： Papilionidae） on four rutaceous host plants, Citrus aurantofolia （Christm.） Swing., Citrus hystrix DC., Citrus reticulata Blanco, and Murraya koenigii （L.） Sprengel, were assessed in field cages measuring 2 × 2 ×2 m. Simultaneous two-choice and four-choice oviposition tests of whole host plants were conducted. The mean total number of eggs laid per plant on C. reticulata in the two-choice test was significantly higher （P 〈 0.01） than those on C. aurantifolia, C. hystrix, andM. koenigii. Among the three other host plants, C. aurantifolia was preferred over C. hystrix, and M. koenigii （P 〈 0.01） and C. hystrix was preferred over M. koenigii （P 〈 0.01）. In the four-choice test, C. reticulata was highly preferred and significantly different from C. hystrix and M. koenigii. However, no oviposition preference was detected with C. aurantifolia. Among the various plant parts in the two- and four-choice tests, eggs on leaves of each plant were the highest, followed by numbers on stems, and negligible numbers on pots. These numbers on leaves of C. reticulata and C. aurantifolia were not significantly different （P 〉 0.05）, but differed significantly （P 〈 0.01） from those on leaves of C. hystrix and M. koenigii. The quantitative trend of egg-laying on stems was very similar to that observed for the leaves. Papilio polytes showed strong preference to lay eggs on the underside of leaves of all host plants than on the upper side or on the petiole. More eggs were laid on the upper side of each host plant than on its petiole. The four host plants in descending order of preference were C. reticulata 〉 C. aurantifolia 〉 C. hystrix 〉 M. koenigii. Although M. koenigii was the least preferred, it has the potential to serve as an alternative host plant for P. polytes which can be manipulated when necessary, to alleviate the infestation of this pest to the citrus industry.展开更多
Objective:To observe the combination effect of doxorubicin and Citrus hystrix(kaffir lime's)peel ethanolic extract(ChEE)on blood serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)activity and c...Objective:To observe the combination effect of doxorubicin and Citrus hystrix(kaffir lime's)peel ethanolic extract(ChEE)on blood serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)activity and cardio-hepato-histopathology of female Sprague Dawley rats.Methods:Doxorubicin and ChEE(5 rats per group)were administered in five groups of 3 rats each for 11 d.Group I:doxorubicin(dox)4.67 mg/kg body weight;Group II:dox+ChEE 500 mg/kg body weight;Group HI:dox+ChEE 1000 mg/kg body weight;Group IV:ChEE 1000 mg/kg body weight;Group V:untreated(control).Results:ChEE repaired cardiohistopathology profile of doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity and hepatotoxicity rats,but did not repair neither hepatohistopathology profile nor reduce serum activity of ALT and AST.Conclusion:ChEE has potency to be developed as cardioprotector agent in chemotherapy.展开更多
文摘Oviposition preference and egg deposition site selection by the butterfly, Papilio polytes L. （Lepidoptera： Papilionidae） on four rutaceous host plants, Citrus aurantofolia （Christm.） Swing., Citrus hystrix DC., Citrus reticulata Blanco, and Murraya koenigii （L.） Sprengel, were assessed in field cages measuring 2 × 2 ×2 m. Simultaneous two-choice and four-choice oviposition tests of whole host plants were conducted. The mean total number of eggs laid per plant on C. reticulata in the two-choice test was significantly higher （P 〈 0.01） than those on C. aurantifolia, C. hystrix, andM. koenigii. Among the three other host plants, C. aurantifolia was preferred over C. hystrix, and M. koenigii （P 〈 0.01） and C. hystrix was preferred over M. koenigii （P 〈 0.01）. In the four-choice test, C. reticulata was highly preferred and significantly different from C. hystrix and M. koenigii. However, no oviposition preference was detected with C. aurantifolia. Among the various plant parts in the two- and four-choice tests, eggs on leaves of each plant were the highest, followed by numbers on stems, and negligible numbers on pots. These numbers on leaves of C. reticulata and C. aurantifolia were not significantly different （P 〉 0.05）, but differed significantly （P 〈 0.01） from those on leaves of C. hystrix and M. koenigii. The quantitative trend of egg-laying on stems was very similar to that observed for the leaves. Papilio polytes showed strong preference to lay eggs on the underside of leaves of all host plants than on the upper side or on the petiole. More eggs were laid on the upper side of each host plant than on its petiole. The four host plants in descending order of preference were C. reticulata 〉 C. aurantifolia 〉 C. hystrix 〉 M. koenigii. Although M. koenigii was the least preferred, it has the potential to serve as an alternative host plant for P. polytes which can be manipulated when necessary, to alleviate the infestation of this pest to the citrus industry.
基金Supported by DP2M DIKT1,Ministry of Education,Republic of Indoncsia through PKMP 2012(Grant No.0071/F.5.3/KPM/2012/5184)
文摘Objective:To observe the combination effect of doxorubicin and Citrus hystrix(kaffir lime's)peel ethanolic extract(ChEE)on blood serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)activity and cardio-hepato-histopathology of female Sprague Dawley rats.Methods:Doxorubicin and ChEE(5 rats per group)were administered in five groups of 3 rats each for 11 d.Group I:doxorubicin(dox)4.67 mg/kg body weight;Group II:dox+ChEE 500 mg/kg body weight;Group HI:dox+ChEE 1000 mg/kg body weight;Group IV:ChEE 1000 mg/kg body weight;Group V:untreated(control).Results:ChEE repaired cardiohistopathology profile of doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity and hepatotoxicity rats,but did not repair neither hepatohistopathology profile nor reduce serum activity of ALT and AST.Conclusion:ChEE has potency to be developed as cardioprotector agent in chemotherapy.
