In this paper,the proton structure function F_(2)^(p)(x,Q^(2))at small-x is investigated using an analytical solution to the Balitsky–Kovchegov(BK)equation.In the context of the color dipole description of deep inela...In this paper,the proton structure function F_(2)^(p)(x,Q^(2))at small-x is investigated using an analytical solution to the Balitsky–Kovchegov(BK)equation.In the context of the color dipole description of deep inelastic scattering(DIS),the structure function F_(2)^(p)(x,Q^(2))is computed by applying the analytical expression for the scattering amplitude N(k,Y)derived from the BK solution.At transverse momentum k and total rapidity Y,the scattering amplitude N(k,Y)represents the propagation of the quark-antiquark dipole in the color dipole description of DIS.Using the BK solution we extracted the integrated gluon density xg(x,Q^(2))and then compared our theoretical estimation with the LHAPDF global data fits,NNPDF3.1sx and CT18.Finally,we have investigated the behavior of F_(2)^(p)(x,Q^(2))in the kinematic region of 10^(-5)≤x≤10^(-2)and 2.5 GeV^(2)≤Q^(2)≤60 GeV^(2).Our predicted results for F_(2)^(p)(x,Q^(2))within the specified kinematic region are in good agreement with the recent high-precision data for F_(2)^(p)(x,Q^(2))from HERA(H1 Collaboration)and the LHAPDF global parametrization group NNPDF3.1sx.展开更多
Based on the Veneziano ghost theory of QCD, we estimate the cosmological constant Λ, which is related to the vacuum energy density, , by =8πG . In the recent Veneziano ghost theory is given by the absolute value of ...Based on the Veneziano ghost theory of QCD, we estimate the cosmological constant Λ, which is related to the vacuum energy density, , by =8πG . In the recent Veneziano ghost theory is given by the absolute value of the product of the local quark condensate and quark current mass: =(2NfH/m)*c|mq<0|:qq:|0>|.By solving Dyson-Schwinger Equations for a dressed quark propagator, we found the local quark condensate;-(235 MeV)3, the generally accepted value. The quark current mass is mq 4.0 Mev. This gives the same result for as found by previous authors, which is somewhat larger than the observed value. However, when we make use of the nonlocal quark condensate, =g(x), with g(x) estimated from our previous work, we find Λ is in a good agreement with the observations.展开更多
The transition points of lattice quantum chromodynamics（QCD） with two degenerate flavors of Wilson quarks at finite temperature T and small imaginary quark chemical potential μ are determined by using the reweighti...The transition points of lattice quantum chromodynamics（QCD） with two degenerate flavors of Wilson quarks at finite temperature T and small imaginary quark chemical potential μ are determined by using the reweighting technique.Under the positive fermion determinant,i.e.,the chemical potential is pure imaginary,the simulations are performed at hopping parameter κ = 0.165.The comparison between the reweighting technique and the conventional point-by-point scanning method is presented.The results prove that the reweighting technique is an effective and efficient method in investigating the critical phenomenon.展开更多
β decay is one of the most fundamental and thoroughly studied nuclear decay. Surprisingly, the β decay rates were found to have a periodic time variability [1]. However, others argued that there is no evidence for s...β decay is one of the most fundamental and thoroughly studied nuclear decay. Surprisingly, the β decay rates were found to have a periodic time variability [1]. However, others argued that there is no evidence for such cyclic deviation from the exponential first order kinetics decay law [2]. Here we propose that the β decay is a pseudo-first order exchange reaction triggered by uddũexotic mesons and propose a QCD gas theory. In analogy to the atmospheric gas density, the proposed QCD gas density drops with elevation from the sun. Accordingly, we propose that the β decay rate periodic variability is due to the pseudo-first order exchange reaction kinetics and the QCD gas atmospheric density drop. The proposed QCD gas may be a possible candidate for Einstein’s general theory of relativity ether [3]. Our main results are the derived formulas for calculating the effective mass of the QCD gas and the cosmology perfect fluid equation of state dimensionless parameter, based on the measured ratio of the β decay rates at the earth trajectory aphelion and perihelion dates. .展开更多
The Crab and Vela are well-studied glitching pulsars and the data obtained so far should enable us to test the reliability of models of their internal structures. Very recently it was proposed that glitching pulsars a...The Crab and Vela are well-studied glitching pulsars and the data obtained so far should enable us to test the reliability of models of their internal structures. Very recently it was proposed that glitching pulsars are embedded in bimetric spacetime: their incompressible superfluid cores (SuSu-cores) are embedded in flat spacetime, whereas the ambient compressible and dissipative media are enclosed in Schwarzschild spacetime. In this letter we apply this model to the Crab and Vela pulsars and show that a newly born pulsar initially of and an embryonic SuSu-core of could evolve into a Crab-like pulsar after 1000 years and into a Vela-like pulsar 10,000 years later to finally fade away as an invisible dark energy object after roughly 10 Myr. Based thereon we infer that the Crab and the Vela pulsars should have SuSu-cores of and , respectively. Furthermore, the under- and overshootings phenomena observed to accompany the glitch events of the Vela pulsar are rather a common phenomenon of glitching pulsars that can be well-explained within the framework of bimetric spacetime.展开更多
In this article we modify our previous model for the mechanisms underlying the glitch phenomena in pulsars. Accordingly, pulsars are born with embryonic cores that are made of purely incompressible superconducting glu...In this article we modify our previous model for the mechanisms underlying the glitch phenomena in pulsars. Accordingly, pulsars are born with embryonic cores that are made of purely incompressible superconducting gluon-quark superfluid (henceforth SuSu-cores). As the ambient medium cools and spins down due to emission of magnetic dipole radiation, the mass and size of SuSu-cores must grow discretely with time, in accordance with the Onsager-Feynmann analysis of superfluidity. Here we argue that the spacetime embedding glitching pulsars is dynamical and of bimetric nature: inside SuSu-cores the spacetime must be flat, whereas the surrounding region, where the matter is compressible and dissipative, the spacetime is Schwarzschild. It is argued here that the topological change of spacetime is derived by the strong nuclear force, whose operating length scales are found to increase with time to reach O (1) cm at the end of the luminous lifetimes of pulsars. The here-presented model is in line with the recent radio- and gravitational wave observations of pulsars and merger of neutron stars.展开更多
Based on the Veneziano ghost theory of QCD, we predict the cosmological constant A, which is related to energy density of cosmological vacuum by A = 3-8tG/pA. In the Veneziano ghost theory, the vacuum energy density P...Based on the Veneziano ghost theory of QCD, we predict the cosmological constant A, which is related to energy density of cosmological vacuum by A = 3-8tG/pA. In the Veneziano ghost theory, the vacuum energy density PA is expressed by absolute value of the product of quark vacuum condensate and quark current mass： PA = 2g/Hclmq（OI ： qq ： 10）l- We calculate the quark local vacuum condensates （01 ： qq ： 10） by solving Dyson Schwinger Equations for a fully dressed confining quark propagator S/（p） with an effective gluon propagator G^b（q）. The quark current mass mq is predicted by use of chiral perturbation theory. Our theoretical result of A, with the resulting （01 ： qq ： ]0} = -（235 MeV）3 and light quark current mass rnq = 3.29 6.15 MeV, is in a good agreement with the observable of the A =10-52 m-2 used widely in a great amount of literatures. Keywords cosmological constant A, Veneziano sate, quantum chromodynamics （QCD） ghost theory of QCD, local quark vacuum conden-展开更多
为了找到一种获得K-π相移的有效方法,并从格点计算得到的能级中获取K*介子的性质,首先使用手征幺正理论研究了有限体积中的P波K-π相互作用.这种方法曾在无限空间中成功地应用于计算K-π相移.然后用这种方法计算得到作为立方体盒子尺...为了找到一种获得K-π相移的有效方法,并从格点计算得到的能级中获取K*介子的性质,首先使用手征幺正理论研究了有限体积中的P波K-π相互作用.这种方法曾在无限空间中成功地应用于计算K-π相移.然后用这种方法计算得到作为立方体盒子尺寸和π介子质量的函数的P波K-π散射振幅的能级;并计算了K-π散射的相移以及基于该结果的K*介子的物理性质.最后,为了和格点量子色动力学(QCD)计算结果进行比较,又在π介子取非物理质量时计算得到了K*介子的能级.比较表明:文中方法与格点QCD得到的结果基本一致.当介子能量为266 Me V时,本文方法得到的两个能级分别为924.0 Me V和1 483.0 Me V,其结果与格点QCD得到的915.6 Me V和1 522.3 Me V的两个能级符合得很好.展开更多
In this paper, a manifestation of the well-known color confinement from the QCD (quantum chromodynamics) in the newly developed YY model for the atomic nucleus is presented. There is a wonderful correspondence between...In this paper, a manifestation of the well-known color confinement from the QCD (quantum chromodynamics) in the newly developed YY model for the atomic nucleus is presented. There is a wonderful correspondence between the structural requirements from the YY model and some elementary properties of the color dynamics from QCD. The open questions in the YY model, namely the holding forces for triple nodes and for pairing space links, are exactly covered by the three-color compensation or by the paired color anti-color balance. We will see what colors and anti-colors do mean in the YY model, how up quarks and down quarks get assigned a color or anti-color. We will discover some relationships between gluon-based interactions as described in the standard model and pairing space links in the YY model.展开更多
文摘In this paper,the proton structure function F_(2)^(p)(x,Q^(2))at small-x is investigated using an analytical solution to the Balitsky–Kovchegov(BK)equation.In the context of the color dipole description of deep inelastic scattering(DIS),the structure function F_(2)^(p)(x,Q^(2))is computed by applying the analytical expression for the scattering amplitude N(k,Y)derived from the BK solution.At transverse momentum k and total rapidity Y,the scattering amplitude N(k,Y)represents the propagation of the quark-antiquark dipole in the color dipole description of DIS.Using the BK solution we extracted the integrated gluon density xg(x,Q^(2))and then compared our theoretical estimation with the LHAPDF global data fits,NNPDF3.1sx and CT18.Finally,we have investigated the behavior of F_(2)^(p)(x,Q^(2))in the kinematic region of 10^(-5)≤x≤10^(-2)and 2.5 GeV^(2)≤Q^(2)≤60 GeV^(2).Our predicted results for F_(2)^(p)(x,Q^(2))within the specified kinematic region are in good agreement with the recent high-precision data for F_(2)^(p)(x,Q^(2))from HERA(H1 Collaboration)and the LHAPDF global parametrization group NNPDF3.1sx.
文摘Based on the Veneziano ghost theory of QCD, we estimate the cosmological constant Λ, which is related to the vacuum energy density, , by =8πG . In the recent Veneziano ghost theory is given by the absolute value of the product of the local quark condensate and quark current mass: =(2NfH/m)*c|mq<0|:qq:|0>|.By solving Dyson-Schwinger Equations for a dressed quark propagator, we found the local quark condensate;-(235 MeV)3, the generally accepted value. The quark current mass is mq 4.0 Mev. This gives the same result for as found by previous authors, which is somewhat larger than the observed value. However, when we make use of the nonlocal quark condensate, =g(x), with g(x) estimated from our previous work, we find Λ is in a good agreement with the observations.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10847137)the Science Foundation of Jiangsu University (1283000345)
文摘The transition points of lattice quantum chromodynamics（QCD） with two degenerate flavors of Wilson quarks at finite temperature T and small imaginary quark chemical potential μ are determined by using the reweighting technique.Under the positive fermion determinant,i.e.,the chemical potential is pure imaginary,the simulations are performed at hopping parameter κ = 0.165.The comparison between the reweighting technique and the conventional point-by-point scanning method is presented.The results prove that the reweighting technique is an effective and efficient method in investigating the critical phenomenon.
文摘β decay is one of the most fundamental and thoroughly studied nuclear decay. Surprisingly, the β decay rates were found to have a periodic time variability [1]. However, others argued that there is no evidence for such cyclic deviation from the exponential first order kinetics decay law [2]. Here we propose that the β decay is a pseudo-first order exchange reaction triggered by uddũexotic mesons and propose a QCD gas theory. In analogy to the atmospheric gas density, the proposed QCD gas density drops with elevation from the sun. Accordingly, we propose that the β decay rate periodic variability is due to the pseudo-first order exchange reaction kinetics and the QCD gas atmospheric density drop. The proposed QCD gas may be a possible candidate for Einstein’s general theory of relativity ether [3]. Our main results are the derived formulas for calculating the effective mass of the QCD gas and the cosmology perfect fluid equation of state dimensionless parameter, based on the measured ratio of the β decay rates at the earth trajectory aphelion and perihelion dates. .
文摘The Crab and Vela are well-studied glitching pulsars and the data obtained so far should enable us to test the reliability of models of their internal structures. Very recently it was proposed that glitching pulsars are embedded in bimetric spacetime: their incompressible superfluid cores (SuSu-cores) are embedded in flat spacetime, whereas the ambient compressible and dissipative media are enclosed in Schwarzschild spacetime. In this letter we apply this model to the Crab and Vela pulsars and show that a newly born pulsar initially of and an embryonic SuSu-core of could evolve into a Crab-like pulsar after 1000 years and into a Vela-like pulsar 10,000 years later to finally fade away as an invisible dark energy object after roughly 10 Myr. Based thereon we infer that the Crab and the Vela pulsars should have SuSu-cores of and , respectively. Furthermore, the under- and overshootings phenomena observed to accompany the glitch events of the Vela pulsar are rather a common phenomenon of glitching pulsars that can be well-explained within the framework of bimetric spacetime.
文摘In this article we modify our previous model for the mechanisms underlying the glitch phenomena in pulsars. Accordingly, pulsars are born with embryonic cores that are made of purely incompressible superconducting gluon-quark superfluid (henceforth SuSu-cores). As the ambient medium cools and spins down due to emission of magnetic dipole radiation, the mass and size of SuSu-cores must grow discretely with time, in accordance with the Onsager-Feynmann analysis of superfluidity. Here we argue that the spacetime embedding glitching pulsars is dynamical and of bimetric nature: inside SuSu-cores the spacetime must be flat, whereas the surrounding region, where the matter is compressible and dissipative, the spacetime is Schwarzschild. It is argued here that the topological change of spacetime is derived by the strong nuclear force, whose operating length scales are found to increase with time to reach O (1) cm at the end of the luminous lifetimes of pulsars. The here-presented model is in line with the recent radio- and gravitational wave observations of pulsars and merger of neutron stars.
文摘Based on the Veneziano ghost theory of QCD, we predict the cosmological constant A, which is related to energy density of cosmological vacuum by A = 3-8tG/pA. In the Veneziano ghost theory, the vacuum energy density PA is expressed by absolute value of the product of quark vacuum condensate and quark current mass： PA = 2g/Hclmq（OI ： qq ： 10）l- We calculate the quark local vacuum condensates （01 ： qq ： 10） by solving Dyson Schwinger Equations for a fully dressed confining quark propagator S/（p） with an effective gluon propagator G^b（q）. The quark current mass mq is predicted by use of chiral perturbation theory. Our theoretical result of A, with the resulting （01 ： qq ： ]0} = -（235 MeV）3 and light quark current mass rnq = 3.29 6.15 MeV, is in a good agreement with the observable of the A =10-52 m-2 used widely in a great amount of literatures. Keywords cosmological constant A, Veneziano sate, quantum chromodynamics （QCD） ghost theory of QCD, local quark vacuum conden-
文摘为了找到一种获得K-π相移的有效方法,并从格点计算得到的能级中获取K*介子的性质,首先使用手征幺正理论研究了有限体积中的P波K-π相互作用.这种方法曾在无限空间中成功地应用于计算K-π相移.然后用这种方法计算得到作为立方体盒子尺寸和π介子质量的函数的P波K-π散射振幅的能级;并计算了K-π散射的相移以及基于该结果的K*介子的物理性质.最后,为了和格点量子色动力学(QCD)计算结果进行比较,又在π介子取非物理质量时计算得到了K*介子的能级.比较表明:文中方法与格点QCD得到的结果基本一致.当介子能量为266 Me V时,本文方法得到的两个能级分别为924.0 Me V和1 483.0 Me V,其结果与格点QCD得到的915.6 Me V和1 522.3 Me V的两个能级符合得很好.
文摘In this paper, a manifestation of the well-known color confinement from the QCD (quantum chromodynamics) in the newly developed YY model for the atomic nucleus is presented. There is a wonderful correspondence between the structural requirements from the YY model and some elementary properties of the color dynamics from QCD. The open questions in the YY model, namely the holding forces for triple nodes and for pairing space links, are exactly covered by the three-color compensation or by the paired color anti-color balance. We will see what colors and anti-colors do mean in the YY model, how up quarks and down quarks get assigned a color or anti-color. We will discover some relationships between gluon-based interactions as described in the standard model and pairing space links in the YY model.
