泥炭丘（palsa）是在多年冻土区泥炭沼泽地形成的冻胀泥炭丘体，它的形成和发育受区域水文条件、植被群落和气候变化等因素影响。新疆阿尔泰山区特殊的地形特征、丰富的水资源及寒冷的气候特点，使得山区泥炭沼泽资源较丰富；同时，为...泥炭丘（palsa）是在多年冻土区泥炭沼泽地形成的冻胀泥炭丘体，它的形成和发育受区域水文条件、植被群落和气候变化等因素影响。新疆阿尔泰山区特殊的地形特征、丰富的水资源及寒冷的气候特点，使得山区泥炭沼泽资源较丰富；同时，为高海拔多年冻土区泥炭丘的形成和发育提供了有利条件。本研究于2014年8月，通过对新疆阿尔泰山区泥炭资源的调查，对山区多年冻土区泥炭丘的分布、形态特征以及发育现状做较详细调查，结果显示，新疆阿尔泰山泥炭丘分布在2500 m a.s.l.左右的亚高山草甸带多年冻土区，位于黑湖和三道海子的泥炭丘受人类干扰较小，保存较完整，而位于哈拉萨孜的泥炭丘受人类活动干扰严重，处于退化阶段。此外，选取黑湖泥炭丘剖面（93 cm）和哈拉萨孜泥炭丘剖面（180 cm）为主要研究对象，结合AMS 14C测年数据建立了年代-深度关系，探讨阿尔泰山区泥炭丘的剖面特征、形成年代、发育过程及泥炭的累积速率。研究结果表明，全新世以来，阿尔泰山区泥炭丘泥炭累积的平均速率为0.015~0.035 cm/a；在约10000 a B.P.的早全新世时期，阿尔泰山区气候温暖干旱，是泥炭丘形成的萌芽期，泥炭累积速率较慢；约7000~2500 a B.P.，气候温暖湿润，进入中全新世大暖期，有利于泥炭累积，是山区泥炭丘主要发育阶段；约2500 a B.P.以后的晚全新世时期，山区气候进入寒冷干旱阶段，泥炭的累积速率缓慢，此时是泥炭丘的衰退期。由于阿尔泰山区地质地貌、水文条件、局地小气候特征等多重因素的影响，使得山区内不同区域泥炭丘的泥炭累积速率的峰值、发育过程及发育状态在时间上存在着差异。本研究结果不仅揭示了阿尔泰山区泥炭丘发育过程，也为山区冻土的发育及气候演化过程提供重要线索。展开更多
With changing climatic conditions and snow cover regime, regional hydrological cycle for a snowy basin will change and further available surface water resources will be redistributed. Assessing snow meltwater effect o...With changing climatic conditions and snow cover regime, regional hydrological cycle for a snowy basin will change and further available surface water resources will be redistributed. Assessing snow meltwater effect on runoff is the key to water safety, under climate warming and fast social-economic developing status. In this study, stable isotopic technology was utilized to analyze the snow meltwater effect on regional hydrological processes, and to declare the response of snow hydrology to climate change and snow cover regime, together with longterm meteorological and hydrological observations, in the headwater of Irtysh River, Chinese Altai Mountains during 1961-2015. The average δ^(18) O values of rainfall, snowfall, meltwater, groundwater and river water for 2014–2015 hydrological year were-10.9‰,-22.3‰,-21.7‰,-15.7‰ and-16.0‰, respectively.The results from stable isotopes, snow melting observation and remote sensing indicated that the meltwater effect on hydrological processes in Kayiertesi River Basin mainly occurred during snowmelt supplying period from April to June. The contribution of meltwater to runoff reached 58.1% during this period, but rainfall, meltwater and groundwater supplied 49.1%, 36.9% and 14.0% of water resource to annual runoff, respectively. With rising air temperature and increasing snowfall in cold season, the snow water equivalent(SWE) had an increasing trend but the snow cover duration declined by about one month including 13-day delay of the first day and 17-day advancement of the end day during 1961–2016. Increase in SWE provided more available water resource. However, variations in snow cover timing had resulted in redistribution of surface water resource, represented by an increase of discharge percentage in April and May, and a decline in Juneand July. This trend of snow hydrology will render a deficit of water resource in June and July when the water resource demand is high for agricultural irrigation and industrial manufacture.展开更多
文摘泥炭丘（palsa）是在多年冻土区泥炭沼泽地形成的冻胀泥炭丘体，它的形成和发育受区域水文条件、植被群落和气候变化等因素影响。新疆阿尔泰山区特殊的地形特征、丰富的水资源及寒冷的气候特点，使得山区泥炭沼泽资源较丰富；同时，为高海拔多年冻土区泥炭丘的形成和发育提供了有利条件。本研究于2014年8月，通过对新疆阿尔泰山区泥炭资源的调查，对山区多年冻土区泥炭丘的分布、形态特征以及发育现状做较详细调查，结果显示，新疆阿尔泰山泥炭丘分布在2500 m a.s.l.左右的亚高山草甸带多年冻土区，位于黑湖和三道海子的泥炭丘受人类干扰较小，保存较完整，而位于哈拉萨孜的泥炭丘受人类活动干扰严重，处于退化阶段。此外，选取黑湖泥炭丘剖面（93 cm）和哈拉萨孜泥炭丘剖面（180 cm）为主要研究对象，结合AMS 14C测年数据建立了年代-深度关系，探讨阿尔泰山区泥炭丘的剖面特征、形成年代、发育过程及泥炭的累积速率。研究结果表明，全新世以来，阿尔泰山区泥炭丘泥炭累积的平均速率为0.015~0.035 cm/a；在约10000 a B.P.的早全新世时期，阿尔泰山区气候温暖干旱，是泥炭丘形成的萌芽期，泥炭累积速率较慢；约7000~2500 a B.P.，气候温暖湿润，进入中全新世大暖期，有利于泥炭累积，是山区泥炭丘主要发育阶段；约2500 a B.P.以后的晚全新世时期，山区气候进入寒冷干旱阶段，泥炭的累积速率缓慢，此时是泥炭丘的衰退期。由于阿尔泰山区地质地貌、水文条件、局地小气候特征等多重因素的影响，使得山区内不同区域泥炭丘的泥炭累积速率的峰值、发育过程及发育状态在时间上存在着差异。本研究结果不仅揭示了阿尔泰山区泥炭丘发育过程，也为山区冻土的发育及气候演化过程提供重要线索。
基金funded by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KJZD-EW-G03-04, QYZDJSSW-DQC039)the National Science Foundation of China (NSFC 41630754, 41690144, 41421061)the Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences (SKLCS) at Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources (NIEER), CAS (SKLCS-OP-2017-10, SKLCS-ZZ2016)
文摘With changing climatic conditions and snow cover regime, regional hydrological cycle for a snowy basin will change and further available surface water resources will be redistributed. Assessing snow meltwater effect on runoff is the key to water safety, under climate warming and fast social-economic developing status. In this study, stable isotopic technology was utilized to analyze the snow meltwater effect on regional hydrological processes, and to declare the response of snow hydrology to climate change and snow cover regime, together with longterm meteorological and hydrological observations, in the headwater of Irtysh River, Chinese Altai Mountains during 1961-2015. The average δ^(18) O values of rainfall, snowfall, meltwater, groundwater and river water for 2014–2015 hydrological year were-10.9‰,-22.3‰,-21.7‰,-15.7‰ and-16.0‰, respectively.The results from stable isotopes, snow melting observation and remote sensing indicated that the meltwater effect on hydrological processes in Kayiertesi River Basin mainly occurred during snowmelt supplying period from April to June. The contribution of meltwater to runoff reached 58.1% during this period, but rainfall, meltwater and groundwater supplied 49.1%, 36.9% and 14.0% of water resource to annual runoff, respectively. With rising air temperature and increasing snowfall in cold season, the snow water equivalent(SWE) had an increasing trend but the snow cover duration declined by about one month including 13-day delay of the first day and 17-day advancement of the end day during 1961–2016. Increase in SWE provided more available water resource. However, variations in snow cover timing had resulted in redistribution of surface water resource, represented by an increase of discharge percentage in April and May, and a decline in Juneand July. This trend of snow hydrology will render a deficit of water resource in June and July when the water resource demand is high for agricultural irrigation and industrial manufacture.
