It is an important part of the Belt and Road initiative that Chinaand Arab countries to strengthen energy cooperation and jointlybuild the energy Silk Road. China-Arab has made remarkable progressin energy cooperation...It is an important part of the Belt and Road initiative that Chinaand Arab countries to strengthen energy cooperation and jointlybuild the energy Silk Road. China-Arab has made remarkable progressin energy cooperation, especially in the fields of oil and gascooperation and new energy cooperation. China and Arab countriesare also strengthening strategic docking, promoting energytransition and cooperation in the field of new energy, and workingto form a clean energy production and modern energy consumptionsystem. China and Arab countries should deepenenergy cooperation by taking their complementary advantages,improve the docking mechanism of energy cooperation, promotecooperation in the whole energy industry chain, and avoid geopoliticalrisks through co-development. In the future, the energytransition will also bring great opportunities for deepening China-Arab energy cooperation. At the same time, political and economicrisks will still be an important challenge for China-Arabenergy cooperation. However, the sound political foundationbetween China and Arab countries is the long-term advantage ofChina-Arab energy cooperation.展开更多
The‘Three Summits’are three specific diplomatic events,namely the China-Saudi Arabia Summit(Chinese President Xi Jinping’s state visit to Saudi Arabia),China-Gulf Cooperation Council(GCC)Summit and China-Arab State...The‘Three Summits’are three specific diplomatic events,namely the China-Saudi Arabia Summit(Chinese President Xi Jinping’s state visit to Saudi Arabia),China-Gulf Cooperation Council(GCC)Summit and China-Arab States Summit for Cooperation and Development.The realisation of President Xi’s state visit to Saudi Arabia came from the following three reasons:firstly,both sides seised the opportunity to push bilateral relations forward;secondly,both sides valued each other’s comprehensive strength and influence;thirdly,both sides made it a common goal to build the‘Belt and Road’and promote the docking of their strategies.The mending of relations within the GCC states has laid the groundwork for a successful China-GCC Summit,and China is also focussing on maintaining a balance between Saudi Arabia and other GCC members,with a growing trend of GCC states’‘looking eastward’.The success of the China-Arab States Summit is due to the background of profound changes unseen in a century and the opening of the post-pandemic era,as well as to the promotion of China’s head-of-state diplomacy,in addition to the solid foundation of cooperation that already exists between China and Arab world.The‘Three Summits’became a new starting point for China’s diplomacy with the Arab countries after the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC),providing an opportunity for the Chinese President to hold several bilateral meetings with Arab leaders.In short,‘Belt and Road’cooperation between China and Arab countries will continue to expand in the future,and the two sides will work together to promote the building of a China-Arab community with a shared future.The strategic partnership between China and the GCC will be strengthened,and the comprehensive strategic partnership between China and Saudi Arabia will continue to develop.展开更多
Sino-Arab economic and trade cooperation,which started a long time ago,has achieved a great headway since 2004 when it entered the fast track.In 2010,the China-Arab States Economic and Trade Forum was established,prov...Sino-Arab economic and trade cooperation,which started a long time ago,has achieved a great headway since 2004 when it entered the fast track.In 2010,the China-Arab States Economic and Trade Forum was established,providing Sino-Arab economic and trade cooperation for further expansion with an effective new platform and mechanism.The main positive factors for their current economic and trade cooperation are:a good basis for cooperation,a strong economic complementarity,a good beginning for bilateral investment cooperation,the existence of common languages,and the accordance with common interests.The principles and ideas for developing future cooperation are:to play out in the role of the China-Arab States Economic and Trade Forum,and to treat Sino-Arab bilateral cooperation with a large field of vision;to promote Sino-Arab economic and trade cooperation by enhancing bilateral relations;to pay attention to handling Sino-US relations well when strengthening Sino-Arab economic and trade cooperation;to continue to expand market openness and promote trade liberalization positively;to expand economic and trade cooperation further on the basis of energy cooperation.In order to maintain and protect the growing overseas interests of the Chinese government,a grand strategy of China's foreign should be established.展开更多
During the Cold War,China’s diplomacy failed to treat the Arab states as a whole.It was not until the end of the Cold War that China established diplomatic relations with all 22 Arab states.Since then,a multilateral ...During the Cold War,China’s diplomacy failed to treat the Arab states as a whole.It was not until the end of the Cold War that China established diplomatic relations with all 22 Arab states.Since then,a multilateral cooperation mechanism between China and Arab states has come into existence and become steadily developed.In 2004,the China-Arab States Cooperation Forum was established.In 2010,China and the Arab states announced the establishment of a strategic cooperative relationship.After the Gulf War,the Arab world entered a period of fragmentation and division.The situation deteriorated after the drastic changes in the Middle East in 2011,to the point of entering an era of granulation.The ability of The League of Arab States to operate as a single international actor has been greatly impaired.In the era of the fragmentation of the Arab world,the mechanism of multilateral cooperation between China and the Arab States has developed in spite of these great difficulties.In future,the role and function of the multilateral mechanism of cooperation between China and the Arab states needs to be clarified,and efficiency needs to be improved based on the existing mechanisms.展开更多
In the decade after its establishment,the China-Arab States Cooperation Forum has completed its normalized,institutional construction and established more than ten kinds of communication mechanism,such as ministerial ...In the decade after its establishment,the China-Arab States Cooperation Forum has completed its normalized,institutional construction and established more than ten kinds of communication mechanism,such as ministerial meetings,senior officials meeting,business conference and investment seminars,which cover a variety of fields in political,economic,cultural,and humanistic cooperation.It not only enriched the connotation of China-Arab cooperation,but created a new cooperation mode.Therefore,the Arab World and China have developed a relationship of mutual promotion,mutual complementation and sound development multilaterally and bilaterally,officially and privately.The development of the Forum benefited both sides insisting on mutual respect,mutually beneficial cooperation and common development concept.In the next decade,the Forum should deepen strategies,adhere to innovation,emphasize on effectiveness,and create a better tomorrow for the work of the Forum.展开更多
The“China-Arab States Cooperation Forum”is an important cooperation mechanism between the Arab world and China.Though the forum has made remarkable achievements since its establishment,enormous challenges are still ...The“China-Arab States Cooperation Forum”is an important cooperation mechanism between the Arab world and China.Though the forum has made remarkable achievements since its establishment,enormous challenges are still ahead.The largest challenge is that both sides have common aspirations for further achievements and integration,and for a closer relationship between China and the Arab World.The real strategic vision is not limited to trade and investment,but also includes security,national defense building,technology transfer and some other fields.To overcome these challenges,three problems must be taken care of.First,the two sides need to deepen their mutual understandings;second,both Chinese and Arabs must get rid of the deep cautiousness towards each other;and third,both parties need to develop a comprehensive outlook from an aspect of civilization.展开更多
The Arab Spring has changed the political landscape in the Arab world.The spring which began as genuine grass-root movement designed to create more equitable social projects,was steered by Western powers and local Isl...The Arab Spring has changed the political landscape in the Arab world.The spring which began as genuine grass-root movement designed to create more equitable social projects,was steered by Western powers and local Islamists in different directions with these powers heavily intervening to control and/or weaken Arab states.China has pursued a policy of non-intervention in the domestic affairs of Arab states,and letting the peoples decide their own future.China may have miscalculated when it allowed NATO to interfere in Libya.That intervention had catastrophic consequences for China and Libya.Consequently,China,in collaboration with Russia decided not to repeat the same experience in Syria especially since foreign intervention in this case will be even more catastrophic.China vetoed Security Council draft resolutions calling for regime change in Syria and insisted on letting the Syrians decide peacefully their future course of action.Further,China under the new leadership has suggested for the first time a four-point program to settle the Arab-Israeli conflict.The article argues that the Chinese-Russian approach to the Syrian crisis is bound to have long-term implications for the future of the Arab world.As the signs of the positive contributions of that approach are emerging,China should proceed to reinforce these contributions through a concerted approach to engage with the new regimes in the Arab world,strengthen the China-Arab States Cooperation Forum,correct the imbalances of Sino-Arab trade,especially with the countries of the Arab Spring,focus on investing in these countries in labor-intensive industries,putting the four-point proposal on the agenda of ArabIsraeli negotiations,and,most importantly,deal with the question of the Israeli nuclear capabilities and the potential of Israel going to war against Iran,a scenario which will represent a major setback to the Chinese achievements in the region.展开更多
The China-Arab relationship is one of the most significant and influential sections of China’s foreign relations,and also a key area of China’s diplomacy.China’s friendly communication and exchange with the Arab ar...The China-Arab relationship is one of the most significant and influential sections of China’s foreign relations,and also a key area of China’s diplomacy.China’s friendly communication and exchange with the Arab area can be traced back as early as to the time before the founding of the Islamic religion and the shaping of great Arab Empire.Since the 1950s,China gradually established formal diplomatic relations with all the Arab countries.In this process,bilateral connections between China and the whole Arab world have been broadened to diverse fields and deepened to various levels,creating tremendous progress in mutual understanding.The central principle upheld throughout the whole experience of China-Arab relationship is friendship and cooperation,while the core spirit prevalent in this bilateral relation is mutual respect and mutual support.展开更多
For a nation state, social, political, and economic reform is a common phenomenon as it helps promote development of a country and progress of a nation. In today’s world, where the international situation is undergoi...For a nation state, social, political, and economic reform is a common phenomenon as it helps promote development of a country and progress of a nation. In today’s world, where the international situation is undergoing profound changes and economic globalization is forging fast ahead, it has become a trend of the times and natural tendency of history for a展开更多
At the Investment and Capacity Cooperation Conference of the Fourth China-Arab States Expo on September 5,2019,Ren Hongbin,assistant to the Commerce Minister,said that China-Arab bilateral trade and investment has bee...At the Investment and Capacity Cooperation Conference of the Fourth China-Arab States Expo on September 5,2019,Ren Hongbin,assistant to the Commerce Minister,said that China-Arab bilateral trade and investment has been increasing.Capacity cooperation has been progressing steadily,bilateral trade has expanded,the China-Arab economic and trade cooperation park has been growing at an accelerated rate,and mutual cooperation has produced fruitful results.From 2016 to 2018,China-Arab trade has been increasing by nearly 20%annually.The bilateral trade has reached USD 126.7 billion in the first half of 2019.展开更多
The paper analyses the roots of the Belt and Road Initiative as well as China＇s Middle East Energy Policy in an age of great transformation. China＇s rapidly progressed economic growth leading to a dramatic increase ...The paper analyses the roots of the Belt and Road Initiative as well as China＇s Middle East Energy Policy in an age of great transformation. China＇s rapidly progressed economic growth leading to a dramatic increase in China＇s energy demand in recent years. The Middle East countries play a critical role in the international energy markets. Stable relations with the Middle East countries become increasingly important for Chinese energy security, and the continued development. The protection of these relations lies at the core of the Belt and Road Initiative. Within The Belt and Road Initiative, Chinese Middle East energy policy proceeds according to the energy cooperation framework known as ＂1＋2＋3＂, which seeks to build a reliable China-Arab strategic cooperative relationship based on long-term friendship. To avoid over dependence on the energy resources of the Middle East, China will also continue to search for other overseas energy sources and protect transportation channels. Despite risks and challenges associated with energy imports from the Middle East, China has cultivated strong relations with states in the region and will develop these economic ties further in the coming years.展开更多
The fourth China-Arab States Expo(CASE),organized by the Ministry of Commerce,the CCPIT and the Ningxia government,was held in Yinchuan on September 5-8,2019.It is said that this year’s CASE highlighted the spirit of...The fourth China-Arab States Expo(CASE),organized by the Ministry of Commerce,the CCPIT and the Ningxia government,was held in Yinchuan on September 5-8,2019.It is said that this year’s CASE highlighted the spirit of"inheriting friendship and deepening cooperation for mutual development"and the expo’s theme was"new opportunities and a new future".展开更多
Education cooperation is an important channel to open up multi-cooperation among the world,an inevitable product of information development,and strong support for the operation of globalization.The cooperation between...Education cooperation is an important channel to open up multi-cooperation among the world,an inevitable product of information development,and strong support for the operation of globalization.The cooperation between China and Arab countries began with trade contact and became firmly established with the promotion of bilateral education cooperation.The ancient Silk Road had laid a solid foundation for the friendship between China and Arab nations.The“Belt and Road”Initiative proposed in the new era has strengthened mutual understanding and recognition.As one of the important parts of the education system,higher education plays a leading role in the globalization of education,and also the most important embodiment of China-Arab education cooperation.This paper will review China-Arab higher education cooperation from the historical level and current situation,to analyze the existing problems and its future development trend.展开更多
基金the Innovation Program of the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission。
文摘It is an important part of the Belt and Road initiative that Chinaand Arab countries to strengthen energy cooperation and jointlybuild the energy Silk Road. China-Arab has made remarkable progressin energy cooperation, especially in the fields of oil and gascooperation and new energy cooperation. China and Arab countriesare also strengthening strategic docking, promoting energytransition and cooperation in the field of new energy, and workingto form a clean energy production and modern energy consumptionsystem. China and Arab countries should deepenenergy cooperation by taking their complementary advantages,improve the docking mechanism of energy cooperation, promotecooperation in the whole energy industry chain, and avoid geopoliticalrisks through co-development. In the future, the energytransition will also bring great opportunities for deepening China-Arab energy cooperation. At the same time, political and economicrisks will still be an important challenge for China-Arabenergy cooperation. However, the sound political foundationbetween China and Arab countries is the long-term advantage ofChina-Arab energy cooperation.
基金funded by the program‘Evolution of Middle East Politics and Momentous Changes Unseen in a Century’of the Innovation Team of Shanghai International Studies University[2020114046]the program‘Impacts of Islam on the Contemporary International Relations’by the National Social Science Foundation of China[21BZJ054].
文摘The‘Three Summits’are three specific diplomatic events,namely the China-Saudi Arabia Summit(Chinese President Xi Jinping’s state visit to Saudi Arabia),China-Gulf Cooperation Council(GCC)Summit and China-Arab States Summit for Cooperation and Development.The realisation of President Xi’s state visit to Saudi Arabia came from the following three reasons:firstly,both sides seised the opportunity to push bilateral relations forward;secondly,both sides valued each other’s comprehensive strength and influence;thirdly,both sides made it a common goal to build the‘Belt and Road’and promote the docking of their strategies.The mending of relations within the GCC states has laid the groundwork for a successful China-GCC Summit,and China is also focussing on maintaining a balance between Saudi Arabia and other GCC members,with a growing trend of GCC states’‘looking eastward’.The success of the China-Arab States Summit is due to the background of profound changes unseen in a century and the opening of the post-pandemic era,as well as to the promotion of China’s head-of-state diplomacy,in addition to the solid foundation of cooperation that already exists between China and Arab world.The‘Three Summits’became a new starting point for China’s diplomacy with the Arab countries after the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC),providing an opportunity for the Chinese President to hold several bilateral meetings with Arab leaders.In short,‘Belt and Road’cooperation between China and Arab countries will continue to expand in the future,and the two sides will work together to promote the building of a China-Arab community with a shared future.The strategic partnership between China and the GCC will be strengthened,and the comprehensive strategic partnership between China and Saudi Arabia will continue to develop.
基金This research is the product of Chinese Educational Ministry program“China’s National Interest in the Middle East(West Asia and North Africa)”(2009JJD810010)it is also supported by the Shanghai International Studies University“211”program(Stage III)Key Discipline of Shanghai(B702).
文摘Sino-Arab economic and trade cooperation,which started a long time ago,has achieved a great headway since 2004 when it entered the fast track.In 2010,the China-Arab States Economic and Trade Forum was established,providing Sino-Arab economic and trade cooperation for further expansion with an effective new platform and mechanism.The main positive factors for their current economic and trade cooperation are:a good basis for cooperation,a strong economic complementarity,a good beginning for bilateral investment cooperation,the existence of common languages,and the accordance with common interests.The principles and ideas for developing future cooperation are:to play out in the role of the China-Arab States Economic and Trade Forum,and to treat Sino-Arab bilateral cooperation with a large field of vision;to promote Sino-Arab economic and trade cooperation by enhancing bilateral relations;to pay attention to handling Sino-US relations well when strengthening Sino-Arab economic and trade cooperation;to continue to expand market openness and promote trade liberalization positively;to expand economic and trade cooperation further on the basis of energy cooperation.In order to maintain and protect the growing overseas interests of the Chinese government,a grand strategy of China's foreign should be established.
文摘During the Cold War,China’s diplomacy failed to treat the Arab states as a whole.It was not until the end of the Cold War that China established diplomatic relations with all 22 Arab states.Since then,a multilateral cooperation mechanism between China and Arab states has come into existence and become steadily developed.In 2004,the China-Arab States Cooperation Forum was established.In 2010,China and the Arab states announced the establishment of a strategic cooperative relationship.After the Gulf War,the Arab world entered a period of fragmentation and division.The situation deteriorated after the drastic changes in the Middle East in 2011,to the point of entering an era of granulation.The ability of The League of Arab States to operate as a single international actor has been greatly impaired.In the era of the fragmentation of the Arab world,the mechanism of multilateral cooperation between China and the Arab States has developed in spite of these great difficulties.In future,the role and function of the multilateral mechanism of cooperation between China and the Arab states needs to be clarified,and efficiency needs to be improved based on the existing mechanisms.
文摘In the decade after its establishment,the China-Arab States Cooperation Forum has completed its normalized,institutional construction and established more than ten kinds of communication mechanism,such as ministerial meetings,senior officials meeting,business conference and investment seminars,which cover a variety of fields in political,economic,cultural,and humanistic cooperation.It not only enriched the connotation of China-Arab cooperation,but created a new cooperation mode.Therefore,the Arab World and China have developed a relationship of mutual promotion,mutual complementation and sound development multilaterally and bilaterally,officially and privately.The development of the Forum benefited both sides insisting on mutual respect,mutually beneficial cooperation and common development concept.In the next decade,the Forum should deepen strategies,adhere to innovation,emphasize on effectiveness,and create a better tomorrow for the work of the Forum.
文摘The“China-Arab States Cooperation Forum”is an important cooperation mechanism between the Arab world and China.Though the forum has made remarkable achievements since its establishment,enormous challenges are still ahead.The largest challenge is that both sides have common aspirations for further achievements and integration,and for a closer relationship between China and the Arab World.The real strategic vision is not limited to trade and investment,but also includes security,national defense building,technology transfer and some other fields.To overcome these challenges,three problems must be taken care of.First,the two sides need to deepen their mutual understandings;second,both Chinese and Arabs must get rid of the deep cautiousness towards each other;and third,both parties need to develop a comprehensive outlook from an aspect of civilization.
文摘The Arab Spring has changed the political landscape in the Arab world.The spring which began as genuine grass-root movement designed to create more equitable social projects,was steered by Western powers and local Islamists in different directions with these powers heavily intervening to control and/or weaken Arab states.China has pursued a policy of non-intervention in the domestic affairs of Arab states,and letting the peoples decide their own future.China may have miscalculated when it allowed NATO to interfere in Libya.That intervention had catastrophic consequences for China and Libya.Consequently,China,in collaboration with Russia decided not to repeat the same experience in Syria especially since foreign intervention in this case will be even more catastrophic.China vetoed Security Council draft resolutions calling for regime change in Syria and insisted on letting the Syrians decide peacefully their future course of action.Further,China under the new leadership has suggested for the first time a four-point program to settle the Arab-Israeli conflict.The article argues that the Chinese-Russian approach to the Syrian crisis is bound to have long-term implications for the future of the Arab world.As the signs of the positive contributions of that approach are emerging,China should proceed to reinforce these contributions through a concerted approach to engage with the new regimes in the Arab world,strengthen the China-Arab States Cooperation Forum,correct the imbalances of Sino-Arab trade,especially with the countries of the Arab Spring,focus on investing in these countries in labor-intensive industries,putting the four-point proposal on the agenda of ArabIsraeli negotiations,and,most importantly,deal with the question of the Israeli nuclear capabilities and the potential of Israel going to war against Iran,a scenario which will represent a major setback to the Chinese achievements in the region.
文摘The China-Arab relationship is one of the most significant and influential sections of China’s foreign relations,and also a key area of China’s diplomacy.China’s friendly communication and exchange with the Arab area can be traced back as early as to the time before the founding of the Islamic religion and the shaping of great Arab Empire.Since the 1950s,China gradually established formal diplomatic relations with all the Arab countries.In this process,bilateral connections between China and the whole Arab world have been broadened to diverse fields and deepened to various levels,creating tremendous progress in mutual understanding.The central principle upheld throughout the whole experience of China-Arab relationship is friendship and cooperation,while the core spirit prevalent in this bilateral relation is mutual respect and mutual support.
文摘For a nation state, social, political, and economic reform is a common phenomenon as it helps promote development of a country and progress of a nation. In today’s world, where the international situation is undergoing profound changes and economic globalization is forging fast ahead, it has become a trend of the times and natural tendency of history for a
文摘At the Investment and Capacity Cooperation Conference of the Fourth China-Arab States Expo on September 5,2019,Ren Hongbin,assistant to the Commerce Minister,said that China-Arab bilateral trade and investment has been increasing.Capacity cooperation has been progressing steadily,bilateral trade has expanded,the China-Arab economic and trade cooperation park has been growing at an accelerated rate,and mutual cooperation has produced fruitful results.From 2016 to 2018,China-Arab trade has been increasing by nearly 20%annually.The bilateral trade has reached USD 126.7 billion in the first half of 2019.
文摘The paper analyses the roots of the Belt and Road Initiative as well as China＇s Middle East Energy Policy in an age of great transformation. China＇s rapidly progressed economic growth leading to a dramatic increase in China＇s energy demand in recent years. The Middle East countries play a critical role in the international energy markets. Stable relations with the Middle East countries become increasingly important for Chinese energy security, and the continued development. The protection of these relations lies at the core of the Belt and Road Initiative. Within The Belt and Road Initiative, Chinese Middle East energy policy proceeds according to the energy cooperation framework known as ＂1＋2＋3＂, which seeks to build a reliable China-Arab strategic cooperative relationship based on long-term friendship. To avoid over dependence on the energy resources of the Middle East, China will also continue to search for other overseas energy sources and protect transportation channels. Despite risks and challenges associated with energy imports from the Middle East, China has cultivated strong relations with states in the region and will develop these economic ties further in the coming years.
文摘The fourth China-Arab States Expo(CASE),organized by the Ministry of Commerce,the CCPIT and the Ningxia government,was held in Yinchuan on September 5-8,2019.It is said that this year’s CASE highlighted the spirit of"inheriting friendship and deepening cooperation for mutual development"and the expo’s theme was"new opportunities and a new future".
基金funded by the Beijing Social Science Foundation(Grant Number:19JDXCA008).
文摘Education cooperation is an important channel to open up multi-cooperation among the world,an inevitable product of information development,and strong support for the operation of globalization.The cooperation between China and Arab countries began with trade contact and became firmly established with the promotion of bilateral education cooperation.The ancient Silk Road had laid a solid foundation for the friendship between China and Arab nations.The“Belt and Road”Initiative proposed in the new era has strengthened mutual understanding and recognition.As one of the important parts of the education system,higher education plays a leading role in the globalization of education,and also the most important embodiment of China-Arab education cooperation.This paper will review China-Arab higher education cooperation from the historical level and current situation,to analyze the existing problems and its future development trend.
