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中国湿地评价研究进展与展望 被引量:60
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作者 武海涛 吕宪国 《世界林业研究》 CSCD 北大核心 2005年第4期49-53,共5页
湿地评价在20世纪70年代后逐渐成为湿地科学的研究热点。针对不同的评价目的、评价对象和评价指标体系,湿地评价可以分为湿地生态系统功能评价、湿地生态效益评价和湿地生态系统环境影响评价。但各种湿地评价方法之间相互联系甚至重叠,... 湿地评价在20世纪70年代后逐渐成为湿地科学的研究热点。针对不同的评价目的、评价对象和评价指标体系,湿地评价可以分为湿地生态系统功能评价、湿地生态效益评价和湿地生态系统环境影响评价。但各种湿地评价方法之间相互联系甚至重叠,特别是湿地功能评价与其他湿地评价类型间关系更加密切。今后我国湿地评价应主要侧重于湿地评价的基础理论研究、结构-过程-功能的研究、评价指标体系和评价定量化方法的研究和湿地评价新技术、新方法的研究。 展开更多
关键词 中国 湿地 评价 技术路线 展望
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遥感技术在中国湿地研究中的应用 被引量:41
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作者 张柏 《遥感技术与应用》 CSCD 1996年第1期67-71,共5页
对中国湿地研究中遥感技术应用状况予以回顾,讨论遥感信息在湿地资源利用与保护过程中的应用优势及意义,在此基础上概要总结遥感技术在中国湿地研究中的应用效果和发展前景。
关键词 遥感技术 中国 湿地 环境生态系统
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Mapping wetland changes in China between 1978 and 2008 被引量:59
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作者 NIU ZhenGuo ZHANG HaiYing +28 位作者 WANG XianWei YAO WenBo ZHOU DeMin ZHAO KuiYi ZHAO Hui LI NaNa HUANG HuaBing LI CongCong YANG Jun LIU CaiXia LIU Shuang WANG Lin LI Zhan YANG ZhenZhong QIAO Fei ZHENG YaoMin CHEN YanLei SHENG YongWei GAO XiaoHong ZHU WeiHong WANG WenQing WANG Hong WENG YongLing ZHUANG DaFang LIU JiYuan LUO ZhiCai CHENG Xiao GUO ZiQi GONG Peng 《Chinese Science Bulletin》 SCIE CAS 2012年第22期2813-2823,共11页
Four wetland maps for all China have been produced,based on Landsat and CBERS-02B remote sensing data between 1978 and 2008 (1978,1990,2000 and 2008).These maps were mainly developed by manual interpretation and valid... Four wetland maps for all China have been produced,based on Landsat and CBERS-02B remote sensing data between 1978 and 2008 (1978,1990,2000 and 2008).These maps were mainly developed by manual interpretation and validated by substantial field investigation in 2009.Based on these maps,we analyzed the 2008 wetland distribution in China and discussed wetland changes and their drivers over the past 30 years.(i) There were about 324097 km 2 of wetlands in 2008,for which inland marshes or swamps were the most common wetland type (35%),with lakes (26%) second.Most of the wetlands were in Heilongjiang,Inner Mongolia,Qinghai and Tibet,occupying about 55% of the national wetland area.(ii) From 1978 to 2008,China's wetland area continually and significantly decreased,by about 33% based on changes in the wetland map.This was in sharp contrast to the increase in artificial wetlands,which increased by about 122%.Inland marshes accounted for the main loss of total wetlands from 1978 to 2000.From 2000 through 2008,riverine and lacustrine wetlands constituted the main wetland loss.Fortunately however,the rate of wetland loss decreased from 5523 to 831 km 2 /a.(iii) The change ratio of lost natural wetlands (including inland and coastal wetlands) to non-wetlands has decreased slightly over the past 30 years.From 1978 to 1990,nearly all natural wetlands (98%) lost were transformed into non-wetlands.However,the ratio declined to 86% from 1990 to 2000,and to 77% from 2000 to 2008.(iv) All Chinese provinces were divided into three groups according to patterns of wetland changes,which could relate to the driving forces of such changes.Tibet was completely different from other provinces,as it was one representative example in which there was a net wetland increase,because of global warming and decreased human activity since 1990.Increased economic development caused considerable wetland loss in most eastern provinces,and artificial wetlands increased. 展开更多
关键词 湿地变化 中国地图 映射 地球资源卫星 内陆湿地 人工湿地 全球气候变暖 湿地面积
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桂林会仙岩溶湿地近40年演变的遥感监测 被引量:39
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作者 蔡德所 马祖陆 +1 位作者 赵湘桂 王魁 《广西师范大学学报(自然科学版)》 CAS 北大核心 2009年第2期111-117,共7页
选择1969年、1997年和2006年3个时相多平台高分辨率时序系列遥感图像资料,采用遥感反演分析方法,对广西会仙岩溶湿地的形成演化进行分析研究,提出数字贴膜合成技术,对早期灰度图像资料湿地土壤湿度信息的提取效果良好。分析结果表明:会... 选择1969年、1997年和2006年3个时相多平台高分辨率时序系列遥感图像资料,采用遥感反演分析方法,对广西会仙岩溶湿地的形成演化进行分析研究,提出数字贴膜合成技术,对早期灰度图像资料湿地土壤湿度信息的提取效果良好。分析结果表明:会仙湿地是以岩溶沼泽、湖泊为主的综合型湿地,近40年来自然湿地面积从42 km2减小到目前约15 km2,表明湿地生态结构逐步从自然湿地向人工湿地转化。G IS空间分析表明:湿地退化是人类经济活动破坏湿地地表水文结构、过度开发湿地土地资源的直接结果,提出了会仙岩溶湿地的保护和生态系统修复的建议。 展开更多
关键词 桂林会仙 岩溶湿地 生态遥感监测 湿地演化
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东北地区湿地的水文景观分类及其对气候变化的脆弱性 被引量:25
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作者 潘响亮 邓伟 +1 位作者 张道勇 栾兆擎 《环境科学研究》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2003年第1期14-18,52,共6页
湿地对气候变化的脆弱性取决于湿地在水文景观中所处的位置。笔者简单介绍了水文景观的基本理论 ,从水文景观视角对东北地区的典型湿地进行了分类 ,并依据水文景观特征将东北地区的湿地所发育的景观分为冰蚀地貌、山地沟谷、河口三角洲... 湿地对气候变化的脆弱性取决于湿地在水文景观中所处的位置。笔者简单介绍了水文景观的基本理论 ,从水文景观视角对东北地区的典型湿地进行了分类 ,并依据水文景观特征将东北地区的湿地所发育的景观分为冰蚀地貌、山地沟谷、河口三角洲、滨海低洼地、河漫滩、阶地洼地和古河道洼地、山前洼地、湖泊及其湖泊边缘洼地和半干旱、半湿润平原低湿洼地等类型 ,并将发育于各类景观中的湿地对气候变化的脆弱性划分出低度脆弱性、低 -中度脆弱性、中 -高度脆弱性。 展开更多
关键词 东北地区 湿地 水文景观 气候变化 脆弱性
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1990—2030年中国主要陆地生态系统碳固定服务时空变化 被引量:21
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作者 黄麟 刘纪远 +1 位作者 邵全琴 邓祥征 《生态学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2016年第13期3891-3902,共12页
以中国森林、草地、湿地等主要陆地生态系统为研究对象,估算了植被和土壤有机碳固定量现状与近20年生态系统碳固定变化量,预测了未来20年3种不同社会经济发展情景下主要陆地生态系统的碳固定潜力,评估了我国主要陆地生态系统碳固定服务... 以中国森林、草地、湿地等主要陆地生态系统为研究对象,估算了植被和土壤有机碳固定量现状与近20年生态系统碳固定变化量,预测了未来20年3种不同社会经济发展情景下主要陆地生态系统的碳固定潜力,评估了我国主要陆地生态系统碳固定服务的现状、过去变化及未来潜力。结果表明:(1)2010年,中国主要陆地生态系统碳固定总量达17.29Pg C,其中植被碳固定量8.70Pg C,30cm深度土壤有机碳固定量8.59Pg C。其中,森林碳固定量占73.26%,草地占21.55%,湿地占5.18%。(2)1990—2000年,我国主要陆地生态系统碳固定总量减少了2.15%,其中森林、草地和湿地分别减少了1.12%、0.97%、20.19%。2000—2010年,碳固定总量增加了2.92%,其中森林增加了3.72%,草地和湿地分别减少了0.62%和5.59%。(3)前、后两个10年相比,碳固定总量从轻微下降转变为轻微上升趋势。其中,森林碳固定量从下降趋势转变为上升趋势,说明生态工程成效明显。草地碳固定量处于基本持衡态势,碳固定减少量和减少比例有所下降,湿地碳固定量的下降趋势亦有所缓解,说明草地退化、湿地破坏趋势有所遏制,但仍需要重点关注。(4)至2030年,3种社会经济发展情景下,我国主要陆地生态系统碳固定总量将呈现较明显的上升态势,增量可达430.11—498.06Tg C,增加比例5.15—5.97%,以森林碳固定量增加为主,而草地碳固定服务呈现微弱减少态势。 展开更多
关键词 中国 森林 草地 湿地 碳固定 时空格局
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Geographical characteristics of China’s wetlands derived from remotely sensed data 被引量:18
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作者 NIU ZhenGuo GONG Peng +15 位作者 CHENG Xiao GUO JianHong WANG Lin HUANG HuaBing SHEN ShaoQing WU YunZhao WANG XiaoFeng WANG XianWei YING Qing LIANG Lu ZHANG LiNa WANG Lei YAO Qian YANG ZhenZhong GUO ZiQi DAI YongJiu 《Science China Earth Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS 2009年第6期723-738,共16页
In this paper, we report the first wetland mapping of the entire China using Landsat enhanced thematic mapper plus (ETM+) data. These data were obtained from the Global Land Cover Facility at the University of Marylan... In this paper, we report the first wetland mapping of the entire China using Landsat enhanced thematic mapper plus (ETM+) data. These data were obtained from the Global Land Cover Facility at the University of Maryland spanning from 1999 to 2002. A total of 597 scenes of Landsat images were georeferenced and mosaiced. Manual image interpretation of satellite images was aided with elevation data, soil data, land cover/land use data and Google Earth. The minimum mapping unit is 10 pixel × 10 pixel, equivalent to 9 ha. The aim of our first round of mapping was only targeted at the boundary delineation of any type of wetland except those wetlands that are under agricultural use (i.e., paddy fields), which has already been well mapped by others. Our interpretation results indicate that a total of 359478 km2 of wetlands are of non-agricultural use. Among our preliminarily mapped wetland, 339353 km2 are inland wetland, 2786 km2 are non-agricultural artificial wetland, and 17609 km2 are coastal wetland. Because low-tide is rarely captured in satellite images, an under-estimation of coastal wetland is inevitable. We conducted some statistics based on our mapped wetlands and compared them with those previously obtained from a number of sources including a land cover/land use map made with satellite images during the late 1990s and early 2000s, a marshland map developed in approximately the same period, survey data of coastal wetland in early 1980s, and area data for approximately 400 larger patches of marshland in China compiled in 1996. Because some inconsistencies exist in the guidelines of those different wetland surveys, difference in area is expected. Some further comparison indicates that the wetland distributions derived from the preliminary wetland map are reasonable and more objective than other sources. The mapping process also indicated that the method adopted by us was efficient and cost-effective. We also found that in order to ensure comparability of the wetland maps developed at different times, a set of st 展开更多
关键词 china wetlandS REMOTE SENSING wetland mapping
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西部荒漠地区的湿地和水禽多样性 被引量:16
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作者 刘迺发 黄族豪 文陇英 《湿地科学》 CSCD 2004年第4期259-266,共8页
我国西部荒漠地区约有自然和人工湿地 96 180km2 ,这些湿地按成因分为断层陷落积水成湿地 ,冰川湖湿地 ,地下水浅出湿地 ,灌溉退水湿地和人工湿地。栖息着《湿地公约》规定的水禽 14 2种 ,占我国水禽种数的5 4 .8% ,其中繁殖种类 74种 ,... 我国西部荒漠地区约有自然和人工湿地 96 180km2 ,这些湿地按成因分为断层陷落积水成湿地 ,冰川湖湿地 ,地下水浅出湿地 ,灌溉退水湿地和人工湿地。栖息着《湿地公约》规定的水禽 14 2种 ,占我国水禽种数的5 4 .8% ,其中繁殖种类 74种 ,占 5 2 .1%。列入国家野生动物重点保护名录的 2 6种 ,占 18.3% ,占我国列入保护名录水禽种数的 5 0 .0 %。列入《濒危野生动植物物种国际贸易公约》(CITES)的 12种 ,占 8.4 % ;列入《中日候鸟及其栖息环境保护协定》的 84种 ,占 5 9.2 %。荒漠地区湿地对水禽迁徙、繁殖、越冬有着特殊重要的作用。自然环境改变 ,尤其气候变干旱和人类活动严重影响着荒漠地区湿地的存在 ,对水禽的物种多样性和种群数量产生了强烈影响。 展开更多
关键词 人工湿地 水禽 湿地保护 野生动植物 人类活动 公约 地下水 荒漠地区 冰川 断层
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Control Effect of Floating Plants Constructed Wetland to Nitrogen and Phosphorus Pollution from Rice Field Drainage 被引量:16
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作者 方荣杰 谭茂兰 《Meteorological and Environmental Research》 CAS 2010年第11期70-72,共3页
[Objective] The control effect of floating plants constructed wetland to nitrogen and phosphorus pollution from rice field drainage was studied.[Method] Firstly,the characteristic of floating plants and the purificati... [Objective] The control effect of floating plants constructed wetland to nitrogen and phosphorus pollution from rice field drainage was studied.[Method] Firstly,the characteristic of floating plants and the purification principle of pollutants were introduced,and then purification effect was analyzed through controlling nitrogen and phosphorus pollution from rice field drainage by floating plants constructed wetland.[Result] By means of floating plants constructed wetland,the average removal rate of total nitrogen(TN) from double-season early and late rice field drainage reached 52.17% and 62.23%,respectively,while that of total phosphorus(TP) was 45.69% and 74.37%,respectively,with better removal effect.Meanwhile,floating plants have ecological and ornamental value to some extent.[Conclusion] Floating plants constructed wetland could not only control nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in field drainage effectively but also keep farmland ecosystem in healthy state. 展开更多
关键词 Floating plants Constructed wetland TN TP Purification effect china
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中国东北地区湿地生态补偿策略研究 被引量:13
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作者 朱弘业 张守志 +4 位作者 佟守正 任宣百 韩琳杉 齐清 张冬杰 《湿地科学》 CSCD 北大核心 2018年第5期651-657,共7页
湿地具有重要的生态系统服务价值。中国东北地区湿地资源丰富,近年来,湿地退化甚至消失的现象普遍存在,湿地生态补偿作为湿地保护工作的一种重要手段势在必行。通过列举东北地区已经开展的湿地生态补偿措施,提出了现行湿地生态补偿中存... 湿地具有重要的生态系统服务价值。中国东北地区湿地资源丰富,近年来,湿地退化甚至消失的现象普遍存在,湿地生态补偿作为湿地保护工作的一种重要手段势在必行。通过列举东北地区已经开展的湿地生态补偿措施,提出了现行湿地生态补偿中存在的问题,从湿地生态补偿的责任主体、受偿客体、补偿标准和补偿方式方面,分析东北地区开展湿地生态补偿所面临的问题,尝试建立湿地生态补偿理论框架,为促进中国东北地区湿地保护和修复提出建议。 展开更多
关键词 湿地生态补偿 东北地区 湿地保护
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STUDY ON WETLAND LOSS AND ITS REASONS IN CHINA 被引量:6
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作者 HE Yan 1 ,ZHANG Ming-xiang 2,3 (1.The Chinese Academy of Sciences,B eijing 100864,P.R.China 2.Changchun Institute of Geography,the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130021,P.R.China 3.Wetland Resources Monitoring Center,State Forestry Admi 《Chinese Geographical Science》 SCIE CSCD 2001年第3期50-54,共5页
Wetlands are ecosystems with many f unctions.But the general public and government lack a comprehen-sive understanding of the importance of wetland benefits,thus making bl indly exploitation,wetland resour ces decreas... Wetlands are ecosystems with many f unctions.But the general public and government lack a comprehen-sive understanding of the importance of wetland benefits,thus making bl indly exploitation,wetland resour ces decreasing and losing biodiversity.So wetlands in China,as in most countries,have suffered heavily from the pressure o f develop-ment and have confronted with the thr eats of loss.The paper takes Sanjian g Plain marshes,lakes in the middle r eaches of the Changjiang(Yangtze)River,coastal wetlands and mangroves as cases to study wetland loss in China,and puts forward main existing reasons of wetland loss,such as blindly reclamati on and exploitation of wetland resou rces,over-exploitation of bio-resource s in wetland,etc.More recently,there has been a growing recognition of t he benefits of wetlands and a wide range of legal and regulatory initiatives have been undertaken which are designed to impro ve wetland management and conservation.On the basis of the above analysis,the paper brings forward some suggestions on wetland conservation. 展开更多
关键词 wetland RESOURCE wetland LOSS LOSS REASON china’s wetland
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Effect of Climate Change on Wetland Ecological Environment in Heihe River Basin in Recent 51 Years 被引量:9
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作者 马鸿勇 张峰 张洁 《Meteorological and Environmental Research》 CAS 2010年第12期99-103,共5页
[Objective] The effect of climate change on wetland ecological environment in Heihe River basin was researched.[Method] Based on meteorological data from six meteorological stations in Heihe River basin from 1959 to 2... [Objective] The effect of climate change on wetland ecological environment in Heihe River basin was researched.[Method] Based on meteorological data from six meteorological stations in Heihe River basin from 1959 to 2009,the effect of climate change on wetland ecological environment in Heihe River basin in recent 51 years was studied by means of statistical method.[Result] Temperature and precipitation in Heihe River basin showed obvious increasing trend in recent 51 years,especially in recent 20 years;climate change made Heihe River basin more and more dry,specially in mountain area;wetland ecological environment closely related to climate responded to climate change,such as groundwater level rise,wetland area decrease,agriculture planting structure change,meteorological disaster increase,destroyed biodiversity and so on.[Conclusion] Our study had important significance for the protection and development of wetland resources. 展开更多
关键词 Heihe wetland Climatic change Ecological environment INFLUENCE china
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Application of a Stereo Constructed Wetland Mode to the Treatment of Slightly Polluted Source Water 被引量:7
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作者 CHEN Yu-quan ZUO Zhuo GUO Xiao 《Meteorological and Environmental Research》 CAS 2012年第12期63-67,共5页
[Objective] The study aimed to discuss the application of a stereo constructed wetland to the treatment of slightly polluted source water. [Method] In this study, a new stereo constructed wetland mode was put forward,... [Objective] The study aimed to discuss the application of a stereo constructed wetland to the treatment of slightly polluted source water. [Method] In this study, a new stereo constructed wetland mode was put forward, and a pilot project of water ecological purification in Xinsheng River, the diversion channel of Shijiuyang Waterwork in Jiaxing City, were analyzed. Afterwards, the impact factors of water purification by the technology were discussed from water quality and quantity, season and climate, species configuration, management and maintenance. [Result] Under three different hydraulic loading conditions, the pilot project effectively improved water SD and DO level, and reduced SS, CODCr, NH3-N, TN and TP significantly in summer and autumn, so that effluent water quality reached surface water standard at Grade III. [Conclusion] The stereo constructed wetland mode composed of constructed wetland and underwater forest used to treat slightly polluted source water is feasible and has a good promotion prospect. 展开更多
关键词 Ecological purification Slightly polluted water Water source area Underwater forest Constructed wetland china
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美丽中国理念下我国湿地立法研究 被引量:8
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作者 秦玉峰 郭洋波 《环境与可持续发展》 2016年第3期131-135,共5页
湿地在构建美丽中国中具有重要的经济、生态、美学、科研和教育价值,而我国湿地现状不容乐观,迫切需要立法保护。本文在对我国湿地立法状况和国外部分国家湿地保护状况进行研究的基础上,提出了对我国湿地立法的相关建议。
关键词 美丽中国 立法 湿地保护 生态文明
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STUDY ON WETLAND BIODIVERSITY IN CHINA 被引量:2
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作者 吕宪国 王荣芬 《Chinese Geographical Science》 SCIE CSCD 1996年第1期15-23,共9页
Wetland biodiversity means mainly the types of wetland ecosystem and biological species diversity.Biodiversity includes all species of plants,animals and microbes,all gene possessed by them and all ecosystems consisti... Wetland biodiversity means mainly the types of wetland ecosystem and biological species diversity.Biodiversity includes all species of plants,animals and microbes,all gene possessed by them and all ecosystems consisting of them and environment.According to the origin and genesis,China's wetlands can be divided into natural wetland ecosystems including mires,lakeshores,bottomland,seashore,wet meadow,etc.,and artificial wetland ecosystem including paddy field.Then based on geomorphological type,these ecosystems can be divided into 15 subsystems,then based on soil substrata and ecological niche conditions,they can be subdivided into 15 classes,finally according to construction species of plants,several types can be divided into.They are not only the expression of ecosystem diversity,but also the base for biological communities subsistence.This peculiar ecological niche provides a complex and perfect special habitat for various animal and plant communities.In this special habitat,there exist various biological types from monomolecular microbes to higher plants and animals, especially some endangered and rare plants and animals.According to the statistics,there are more than 300 species of birds in China's wetlands,making up one-third of the total number of China's birds.Wetlands not only the goodplace for waterbirds living, but also the important environment on which wild animals and plant rely for existence. There are 65 species of mammals,50 species of reptiles,45 species of amphibious animals, 1040 species of fish, 825 species of higher plants, 639 species of angiosperm,10 species of gymnosperm, 12 species of pteridophyte and 164 species of bryophyte investigated in China's wetlands. 展开更多
关键词 wetland BIODIVERSITY BIODIVERSITY PROTECTION wetland CONSERVATION wetland CLASSIFICATION china’s wetland wetland development
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Dynamic Assessment on Ecosystem Vulnerability in Dashanbao Wetland 被引量:5
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作者 GAO Xing-guo LI Feng-mei 《Meteorological and Environmental Research》 CAS 2011年第6期93-95,98,共4页
[Objective] The aim was to assess the ecosystem vulnerability of Dashanbao wetland.[Method] The evaluation index system of ecosystem vulnerability of Dashanbao wetland was constructed by using analytic hierarchy proce... [Objective] The aim was to assess the ecosystem vulnerability of Dashanbao wetland.[Method] The evaluation index system of ecosystem vulnerability of Dashanbao wetland was constructed by using analytic hierarchy process(AHP),and the ecosystem vulnerability of Dashanbao wetland from 2002 to 2008 was assessed based on vulnerable degree of ecosystem.[Result] The vulnerable degree of ecosystem of Dashanbao wetland from 2002 to 2008 was 0.560 0,0.513 7,0.516 4,0.465 4,0.476 0,0.449 2 and 0.400 6 respectively,that is,showing decreasing trend on the whole,and the vulnerability of wetland ecosystem transformed from moderate vulnerability to mild vulnerability,and it showed that the ecological environment quality of Dashanbao wetland was better.[Conclusion] The study could provide references for wetland restoration,protection,ecological environment planning and management. 展开更多
关键词 Dashanbao wetland Ecological vulnerability Vulnerable degree Dynamic assessment china
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Ecosystem Health and Comprehensive Ecological Benefit Assessment of an Artificial Wetland in Western Jilin Province 被引量:5
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作者 CHEN Ming-hui ZHANG Chen +1 位作者 HU Yan DONG De-ming 《Meteorological and Environmental Research》 CAS 2011年第9期73-76,共4页
[Objective] This research aimed to assess the state of ecosystem health and comprehensive ecological benefit of an artificial wetland in western Jilin Province. [Method] To investigate the effects of reclaimed water f... [Objective] This research aimed to assess the state of ecosystem health and comprehensive ecological benefit of an artificial wetland in western Jilin Province. [Method] To investigate the effects of reclaimed water from Yingtai Oil Production Plant on the wetland ecosystem, a comprehensive ecological assessment index of an artificial wetland in the west of Jilin Province was established to measure the ecological economic and social benefits. The quantitative evaluation on the ecosystem health and comprehensive ecological benefit of the artificial wetland were carried out from 2003 to 2010 and were measured by means of the square difference method. [Result] After eight years of irrigation by reclaimed water, the levels of ecosystem health and benefit of the artificial wetland improved from Grade IV to Grade II, and the ecological environment, economic and social development of the wetland tended to improve. [Conclusion] The results indicated that the use of reclaimed water for irrigation of wetland ecosystems was a suitable way to control drought in arid and semi-arid regions. 展开更多
关键词 Artificial wetland Ecosystem health Index system Comprehensive ecological benefit Reclaimed water china
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东北地区森林草原湿地生态系统外来入侵物种概况及对策 被引量:2
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作者 宋玉双 吴昊 +3 位作者 宋丽文 杜文胜 邹元平 董瀛谦 《中国森林病虫》 北大核心 2024年第2期19-33,共15页
在对东北地区部分有害生物来源考证的基础上,筛选出56种外来入侵物种作为东北地区森林、草原、湿地生态系统的主要种类,并对其入侵特征进行分析。结果表明:原产地以北美洲种类最多,入侵东北种类总体呈不断增加势头,入侵途径以无意引入为... 在对东北地区部分有害生物来源考证的基础上,筛选出56种外来入侵物种作为东北地区森林、草原、湿地生态系统的主要种类,并对其入侵特征进行分析。结果表明:原产地以北美洲种类最多,入侵东北种类总体呈不断增加势头,入侵途径以无意引入为主,入侵地以辽宁省种类居多,入侵生境在森林、草原、湿地生态系统均有代表性种类。进一步筛选出18种外来入侵物种作为东北地区森林、草原、湿地生态系统的重要种类,并对其重要性进行评述,根据每种在入侵过程的阶段性,分别提出防止入侵、阻止扩散和抑制危害的防控管理对策。针对完善入侵生物学理论提出3点建议,针对提升东北地区外来入侵物种防控能力提出4点建议。 展开更多
关键词 外来入侵物种 东北地区 森林生态系统 草原生态系统 湿地生态系统 防控对策
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全新世东北地区沼泽湿地演化对全球变化的响应 被引量:5
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作者 高传宇 邢伟 +3 位作者 刘汉向 王春玲 韩冬雪 王国平 《第四纪研究》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2018年第4期854-863,共10页
湿地是地球上水陆相互作用形成的独特生态系统,具有其他生态系统不可替代的生态功能。随着人类社会经济的快速发展,人类活动导致大量湿地的消失和退化。为保护剩余的湿地,湿地恢复工作目前已经逐步开展。制定合理的湿地恢复目标是湿... 湿地是地球上水陆相互作用形成的独特生态系统,具有其他生态系统不可替代的生态功能。随着人类社会经济的快速发展,人类活动导致大量湿地的消失和退化。为保护剩余的湿地,湿地恢复工作目前已经逐步开展。制定合理的湿地恢复目标是湿地恢复工作的关键步骤之一,而了解历史时期沼泽湿地演化过程和原因则是建立合理的湿地恢复目标的重要前提条件。文章通过综述全新世东北地区沼泽湿地形成与植被演替过程并分析其驱动力,尝试探讨我国东北地区沼泽湿地演化的规律及其对全球变化的响应机理。研究发现东北地区沼泽湿地主要在距今8000年以后开始逐渐形成,约有30%的沼泽湿地形成于全新世暖湿期(距今8000~4000年),而大部分沼泽湿地在全新世晚期形成。全新世晚期冷偏干的气候条件更容易促进东北地区沼泽湿地通过水体沼泽化形成,同时这一时期形成的沼泽湿地的植被群落演替过程通常为水木贼群落-苔草群落-灌丛/小叶樟群落。然而目前东北地区针对历史时期湿地环境特征的研究相对薄弱,并不能满足沼泽湿地恢复目标制定的需求。因此,未来需加强对东北地区沼泽湿地古环境的定量研究,并为更好的制定东北地区湿地修复的参考目标提供理论支持。 展开更多
关键词 沼泽湿地 东北地区 全球变化 湿地发育 植被演替
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THE WETLAND TYPES,FUNCTIONS ANDCONSERVATION IN CHINA 被引量:1
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作者 ZHAO Kui-yi, HE Chi-quan( Changchun Institute of Geography, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130021, P. R. China) 《Chinese Geographical Science》 SCIE CSCD 2001年第4期14-19,共6页
ABSTRACT: According to preliminary statistics, there are 9. 4 ×106ha of mire, 8. 0 × 106ha of lake, 2. 1 × 106ha of salt marsh, 2.1 × 107ha of shallow sea (0 - 5m), and 3. 8 × 107ha of paddyfi... ABSTRACT: According to preliminary statistics, there are 9. 4 ×106ha of mire, 8. 0 × 106ha of lake, 2. 1 × 106ha of salt marsh, 2.1 × 107ha of shallow sea (0 - 5m), and 3. 8 × 107ha of paddyfield, their total area amounts to 8. 45× 107ha. Wetland consists of natural wetland system and man-made wetland system. According to hydrology, landform, soil and vegetation etc., natural wetland can be divided into the following types: marine, esturine, riverine, lacustrine, palustrine subsystems. On the basis of the wetland bottom compound, waterlogged state and vegetation forms, it can be subdivided into 26 wetland classes. Man-made wetland can be subdivided into 4 wetland classes. Wetland is a unique landscape in the earth and one of the most important living environment with rich resources and many functions. At present, 262 different types of Wetland Natural Reserves have been established in China, in which 7 Wetland Nature Reserves have been listed in international important wetlands of The Wetland 展开更多
关键词 wetland type wetland FUNCTION wetland CONSERVATION china’s wetland
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