Nocturnal enuresis(NE)is a common disease in children,commonly known as bedwetting.The International Children's Continence Society(ICCS)defines intermittent urinary incontinence during nighttime sleep in children ...Nocturnal enuresis(NE)is a common disease in children,commonly known as bedwetting.The International Children's Continence Society(ICCS)defines intermittent urinary incontinence during nighttime sleep in children aged 5 and above as enuresis.Enuresis can be divided into two types:primary nocturnal enuresis(PNE)and secondary nocturnal enuresis(SNE).PNE refers to nocturnal urinary control ability that has never been achieved for more than 6 months in children aged 5 and above with enuresis;SNE refers to the recurrence of enuresis symptoms after a period of more than 6 months of continuous nocturnal urinary control ability.SNE is relatively rare in clinical practice and is often caused by sudden stress events or other diseases such as snoring.Its pathogenesis and treatment are different from PNE.PNE is a multifactorial disease related to genetics,and its pathogenesis is not fully understood.There are not many research and review articles on its pathogenesis.In recent years,there has been significant progress in the epidemiology and pathogenesis of PNE.The following is a summary.展开更多
Background Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and nocturnal enuresis (NE) are common clinical problems in children.OSA and NE are thought to be interrelated,but the exact pathophysiological mechanisms are not yet clear.Thi...Background Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and nocturnal enuresis (NE) are common clinical problems in children.OSA and NE are thought to be interrelated,but the exact pathophysiological mechanisms are not yet clear.This review aims to explain the possible pathogenesis of NE in children with OSA.Date sources We have retrieved all relevant original articles from Database that have been published so far,including the prevalence studies of NE and OSA in children,sleep characteristic studies that use polysomnography (PSG) to focus on children with NE,and studies on the relationship between OSA and NE.Results Clinical studies have revealed that the risk of NE in children with OSA was increased compared with that of their healthy peers.This increased risk may be associated with sleep disorders,bladder instability,detrusor overactivity,nocturnal polyuria,endocrine and metabolic disorders,and inflammation.Conclusions Cardiopulmonary and renal reflex-induced neuroendocrine disorder may play an important role in the mechanism of NE in children with OSA,but this remains to be confirmed by animal studies.Other causes such as oxidative stress and inflammatory responses need to be further researched.展开更多
文摘Nocturnal enuresis(NE)is a common disease in children,commonly known as bedwetting.The International Children's Continence Society(ICCS)defines intermittent urinary incontinence during nighttime sleep in children aged 5 and above as enuresis.Enuresis can be divided into two types:primary nocturnal enuresis(PNE)and secondary nocturnal enuresis(SNE).PNE refers to nocturnal urinary control ability that has never been achieved for more than 6 months in children aged 5 and above with enuresis;SNE refers to the recurrence of enuresis symptoms after a period of more than 6 months of continuous nocturnal urinary control ability.SNE is relatively rare in clinical practice and is often caused by sudden stress events or other diseases such as snoring.Its pathogenesis and treatment are different from PNE.PNE is a multifactorial disease related to genetics,and its pathogenesis is not fully understood.There are not many research and review articles on its pathogenesis.In recent years,there has been significant progress in the epidemiology and pathogenesis of PNE.The following is a summary.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of China(no.81870075)National Key Clinical Specialist Open Project no.20130211+1 种基金Zhejiang Province Natural Science Funding Project(no.LY17H010003)Zhejiang Province Health Department Project(no.2017185046).
文摘Background Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and nocturnal enuresis (NE) are common clinical problems in children.OSA and NE are thought to be interrelated,but the exact pathophysiological mechanisms are not yet clear.This review aims to explain the possible pathogenesis of NE in children with OSA.Date sources We have retrieved all relevant original articles from Database that have been published so far,including the prevalence studies of NE and OSA in children,sleep characteristic studies that use polysomnography (PSG) to focus on children with NE,and studies on the relationship between OSA and NE.Results Clinical studies have revealed that the risk of NE in children with OSA was increased compared with that of their healthy peers.This increased risk may be associated with sleep disorders,bladder instability,detrusor overactivity,nocturnal polyuria,endocrine and metabolic disorders,and inflammation.Conclusions Cardiopulmonary and renal reflex-induced neuroendocrine disorder may play an important role in the mechanism of NE in children with OSA,but this remains to be confirmed by animal studies.Other causes such as oxidative stress and inflammatory responses need to be further researched.
