Fifteen heavy-duty diesel vehicles were tested on chassis dynamometer by using typical heavy duty driving cycle and fuel economy cycle. The air from the exhaust was sampled by 2,4- dinitrophenyhydrazine cartridge and ...Fifteen heavy-duty diesel vehicles were tested on chassis dynamometer by using typical heavy duty driving cycle and fuel economy cycle. The air from the exhaust was sampled by 2,4- dinitrophenyhydrazine cartridge and 23 carbonyl compounds were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. The average emission factor of carbonyls was 97.2 mg/km, higher than that of light-duty diesel vehicles and gasoline-powered vehicles. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone and propionaidehyde were the species with the highest emission factors. Main influencing factors for carbonyl emissions were vehicle type, average speed and regulated emission standard, and the impact of vehicle loading was not evident in this study. National emission of carbonyls from diesel vehicles exhaust was calculated for China, 2011, based on both vehicle miles traveled and fuel consumption. Carbonyl emission of diesel vehicle was estimated to be 45.8 Gg, and was comparable to gasolinepowered vehicles （58.4 Gg）. The emissions of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone were 12.6, 6.9, 3.8 Gg, respectively. The ozone formation potential of carbonyls from diesel vehicles exhaust was 537 mg O3/km, higher than 497 mg O3/km of none-methane hydrocarbons emitted from diesel vehicles.展开更多
针对我国高速插秧机主要依赖于进口、自主设计能力较差、传统设计周期长等问题,在分析相关文献资料的基础上,收集整理了大量的相关设计知识。应用知识工程的理论,研究了高速插秧机底盘设计知识的表示方法和插秧机快速设计推理机制。建...针对我国高速插秧机主要依赖于进口、自主设计能力较差、传统设计周期长等问题,在分析相关文献资料的基础上,收集整理了大量的相关设计知识。应用知识工程的理论,研究了高速插秧机底盘设计知识的表示方法和插秧机快速设计推理机制。建立了插秧机各零部件参数化模型,以Visual Studio 2008、Oracle、Pro/E为主要开发平台,开发了整个设计系统,融高速插秧机底盘设计知识库、推理机和参数化模型为一体,实现了基于知识的高速插秧机底盘快速设计。展开更多
A method for a vehicle durability emission test using a robot driver insteadof human drivers on the chassis dynamometer is presented. The system architecture of vehicledurability emission test cell, the road load simu...A method for a vehicle durability emission test using a robot driver insteadof human drivers on the chassis dynamometer is presented. The system architecture of vehicledurability emission test cell, the road load simulation strategy and the tele-monitoring systembased on Browser/Client structure are described. Furthermore, the construction of the robot driver,vehicle performance self-learning algorithm, multi-mode vehicle control model and vehicle speedtracking strategy based on fuzzy logic arealso discussed. Besides, the capability of controlparameters self-compensation on-line makes it possible to compensate the wear of vehicle componentsand the variety of clutch true bite point during the long term test. Experimental results show thattherobot driver can be applicable to a wide variety of vehicles and the obtained results stay withina tolerance band of ± 2 km/h. Moreover the robot driver is able to control tested vehicles withgood repeatability and consistency; therefore, this methodpresents a solution to eliminate theuncertainty of emission test results by human drivers and to ensure the accuracy and reliability ofemission test results.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation for Outstanding Young Scholars(No.41125018)the National Commonweal Project of the Ministry of Environmental Protection(No.201009057)
文摘Fifteen heavy-duty diesel vehicles were tested on chassis dynamometer by using typical heavy duty driving cycle and fuel economy cycle. The air from the exhaust was sampled by 2,4- dinitrophenyhydrazine cartridge and 23 carbonyl compounds were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. The average emission factor of carbonyls was 97.2 mg/km, higher than that of light-duty diesel vehicles and gasoline-powered vehicles. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone and propionaidehyde were the species with the highest emission factors. Main influencing factors for carbonyl emissions were vehicle type, average speed and regulated emission standard, and the impact of vehicle loading was not evident in this study. National emission of carbonyls from diesel vehicles exhaust was calculated for China, 2011, based on both vehicle miles traveled and fuel consumption. Carbonyl emission of diesel vehicle was estimated to be 45.8 Gg, and was comparable to gasolinepowered vehicles （58.4 Gg）. The emissions of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone were 12.6, 6.9, 3.8 Gg, respectively. The ozone formation potential of carbonyls from diesel vehicles exhaust was 537 mg O3/km, higher than 497 mg O3/km of none-methane hydrocarbons emitted from diesel vehicles.
文摘针对我国高速插秧机主要依赖于进口、自主设计能力较差、传统设计周期长等问题,在分析相关文献资料的基础上,收集整理了大量的相关设计知识。应用知识工程的理论,研究了高速插秧机底盘设计知识的表示方法和插秧机快速设计推理机制。建立了插秧机各零部件参数化模型,以Visual Studio 2008、Oracle、Pro/E为主要开发平台,开发了整个设计系统,融高速插秧机底盘设计知识库、推理机和参数化模型为一体,实现了基于知识的高速插秧机底盘快速设计。
文摘A method for a vehicle durability emission test using a robot driver insteadof human drivers on the chassis dynamometer is presented. The system architecture of vehicledurability emission test cell, the road load simulation strategy and the tele-monitoring systembased on Browser/Client structure are described. Furthermore, the construction of the robot driver,vehicle performance self-learning algorithm, multi-mode vehicle control model and vehicle speedtracking strategy based on fuzzy logic arealso discussed. Besides, the capability of controlparameters self-compensation on-line makes it possible to compensate the wear of vehicle componentsand the variety of clutch true bite point during the long term test. Experimental results show thattherobot driver can be applicable to a wide variety of vehicles and the obtained results stay withina tolerance band of ± 2 km/h. Moreover the robot driver is able to control tested vehicles withgood repeatability and consistency; therefore, this methodpresents a solution to eliminate theuncertainty of emission test results by human drivers and to ensure the accuracy and reliability ofemission test results.
