A male patient underwent conventional transcatheter chemoembolization for advanced recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). Even after the injection of 7 m L of lipiodol followed by gelatin sponge particles, the flow ...A male patient underwent conventional transcatheter chemoembolization for advanced recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). Even after the injection of 7 m L of lipiodol followed by gelatin sponge particles, the flow of feeding arteries did not slow down. A repeat angiography revealed a newly developed vascular lake draining into systemic veins; however, embolization was continued without taking noticing of the vascular lake. The patient's level of consciousness deteriorated immediately after the procedure, and non-contrast computed tomography revealed pulmonary and cerebral lipiodol embolisms. The patient's level of consciousness gradually improved after 8 wk in intensive care. In this case, a vascular lake emerged during chemoembolization and drained into systemic veins, offering a pathway carrying lipiodol to pulmonary vessels, the most likely cause of this serious complication. We should be aware that vascular lakes in HCC may drain into systemic veins and can cause intratumoral arteriovenous shunts.展开更多
文摘目的通过充血性心力衰竭、高血压、年龄≥75岁（双倍）、糖尿病、卒中（双倍）、血管病变、年龄65-74岁、女性（Congestive heart failure,Hypertension,Age≥75（doubled）,Diabetes Mellitus,Stroke（doubled）,vascular disease,age 65-74 and sex category（female）,CHA2DS2-VASc）评分观察心房颤动合并脑栓塞患者的抗栓治疗现状,分析高血压、异常的肝肾功能、卒中、出血、国际标准化比值（international normalized ratio,INR）不稳定、年龄、药物治疗或者饮酒（Hypertension,Abnormal renal and liver function,Stroke,Bleeding,Labile international normalized ratio,Elderly,Drugs and alcohol intake,HAS-BLED）评分及其他相关临床危险因素与心房颤动合并脑栓塞出血转化的关系。方法回顾性分析2012年5月至2014年12月在北京博爱医院神经康复科住院的心房颤动合并脑栓塞患者的临床资料。根据CHA_2DS_2-VASc评分观察低危组（0分）、中危组（1分）、高危组（≥2分）的抗栓治疗情况。根据HAS-BLED评分,分析心房颤动脑栓塞出血转化（hemorrhagic transformation,HT）率在出血转化低危组（0-2分）和出血转化高危组（≥3分）之间的差异,同时对多个临床变量进行多因素分析,寻找与HT相关的临床危险因素。结果研究共入组101例患者,患者在发生脑栓塞之前,根据CHA_2DS_2-VASc评分,低危组抗凝率66.7%（2/3）,无抗血小板治疗;中危组抗凝、抗血小板率均为16.7%（2/12）;高危组抗凝率19.8%（17/86）,抗血小板率14.0%（12/86）。脑栓塞前1个月内停用抗凝治疗而发病的占所有抗凝患者42.8%（9/21）。发生脑栓塞之后,所有患者均为高危组,抗凝治疗率68.3%（69/101）,抗血小板治疗率25.7%（26/101）。根据HAS-BLED评分,心房颤动合并脑栓塞后,出血转化高危组HT 58.5%（31/53）,与低危组HT 37.5%（18/48）比较,差异有显著性（χ-2=4.443,P=0.035）。对HT组与非HT组的多个临床变量分析发�
文摘A male patient underwent conventional transcatheter chemoembolization for advanced recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). Even after the injection of 7 m L of lipiodol followed by gelatin sponge particles, the flow of feeding arteries did not slow down. A repeat angiography revealed a newly developed vascular lake draining into systemic veins; however, embolization was continued without taking noticing of the vascular lake. The patient's level of consciousness deteriorated immediately after the procedure, and non-contrast computed tomography revealed pulmonary and cerebral lipiodol embolisms. The patient's level of consciousness gradually improved after 8 wk in intensive care. In this case, a vascular lake emerged during chemoembolization and drained into systemic veins, offering a pathway carrying lipiodol to pulmonary vessels, the most likely cause of this serious complication. We should be aware that vascular lakes in HCC may drain into systemic veins and can cause intratumoral arteriovenous shunts.
