The application of fallout radionuclides in soil erosion investigations and related sediment budget studies has provided a widely used tool for improving understanding of soil erosion and sediment transfer processes.H...The application of fallout radionuclides in soil erosion investigations and related sediment budget studies has provided a widely used tool for improving understanding of soil erosion and sediment transfer processes.However,most studies using fallout radionuclides undertaken to date have focussed on small areas.This focus on small areas reflects both the issues addressed and practical constraints associated with sample collection and analysis.Increasing acceptance of the important role of fine sediment in degrading aquatic habitats and in the transfer and fate of nutrients and contaminants within terrestrial and fluvial systems has emphasised the need to consider larger areas and the catchment or regional scale.The need to upscale existing approaches to the use of fallout radionuclides to larger areas represents an important challenge.This contribution provides a brief review of existing and potential approaches to upscaling the use of fallout radionuclides and presents two examples where such approaches have been successfully applied.These involve a national scale assessment of soil erosion rates in England and Wales based on 137Cs measurements and an investigation of the sediment budgets of three small/intermediate-size catchments in southern Italy.展开更多
Hydrograph separation is a fundamental catchment descriptor,revealing information about sources of water in runoff generation processes. The water isotopes are ideal tracers in studying hydrological processes since th...Hydrograph separation is a fundamental catchment descriptor,revealing information about sources of water in runoff generation processes. The water isotopes are ideal tracers in studying hydrological processes since the isotope fractionation produces a natural labeling effect within the hydrologic cycle. The water isotope technique has become one of effective means for investigating complex hydrologic system on a catchment scale. This paper reviews the progress on the use of stable water isotope techniques in catchment hydrograph separation in last decades. Also,the isotope mixing model for hydrograph separation and its uncertainties are explained in detail. In future research,there are three hot issues in the use of isotopic hydrograph separation（ IHS） ： integrating new approaches into IHS,calibration and verification of IHS model and IHS application in large river basins.展开更多
生态水文学在水文过程与生态过程的交叉地带开展研究,现已成为水文学与生态学最为活跃的前沿领域之一,而流域水热耦合过程及其对气候与下垫面变化的响应则是其中的一个重要热点研究方向。以SCIE数据库为数据源,借助Thomson Data Analyze...生态水文学在水文过程与生态过程的交叉地带开展研究,现已成为水文学与生态学最为活跃的前沿领域之一,而流域水热耦合过程及其对气候与下垫面变化的响应则是其中的一个重要热点研究方向。以SCIE数据库为数据源,借助Thomson Data Analyzer(TDA)、Ucinet和Netdraw等工具,对1992-2015年间关于流域水热耦合过程及其对气候与下垫面变化的响应的研究论文进行数据挖掘,分析表明:(1)近24年来,该领域的论文数量总体呈显著增长态势,依据文章数量、研究主题、机构合作特点等划分为3个阶段:低产出探索期、拓展推进期和高产出活跃期。(2)气候变化、径流、水量平衡、水文模拟、土地利用与覆盖变化等是研究的核心主题,遥感与GIS技术的应用在不断得到加强,人类活动的水文效应及其时程变化等的研究逐渐受到更多的关注。(3)澳大利亚和美国在该研究方向表现突出。中国发文量高,论文质量不断提升。(4)国际合作范围不断扩大。近十年来,中国科学院、清华大学等国内多家科教机构逐渐加强了与国外同行的合作关系,研究工作取得长足进展。展开更多
基金support of the International Atomic Energy Agency Coordinated Research Programme D1.20.11,and associated Technical Contract 15478 for the work reported in this contribution is gratefully acknowledgedThe work on the UK National Soil Erosion Inventory was funded by DEFRA contracts SP0411 and SP0413.
文摘The application of fallout radionuclides in soil erosion investigations and related sediment budget studies has provided a widely used tool for improving understanding of soil erosion and sediment transfer processes.However,most studies using fallout radionuclides undertaken to date have focussed on small areas.This focus on small areas reflects both the issues addressed and practical constraints associated with sample collection and analysis.Increasing acceptance of the important role of fine sediment in degrading aquatic habitats and in the transfer and fate of nutrients and contaminants within terrestrial and fluvial systems has emphasised the need to consider larger areas and the catchment or regional scale.The need to upscale existing approaches to the use of fallout radionuclides to larger areas represents an important challenge.This contribution provides a brief review of existing and potential approaches to upscaling the use of fallout radionuclides and presents two examples where such approaches have been successfully applied.These involve a national scale assessment of soil erosion rates in England and Wales based on 137Cs measurements and an investigation of the sediment budgets of three small/intermediate-size catchments in southern Italy.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41101066)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project(2013M532094)
文摘Hydrograph separation is a fundamental catchment descriptor,revealing information about sources of water in runoff generation processes. The water isotopes are ideal tracers in studying hydrological processes since the isotope fractionation produces a natural labeling effect within the hydrologic cycle. The water isotope technique has become one of effective means for investigating complex hydrologic system on a catchment scale. This paper reviews the progress on the use of stable water isotope techniques in catchment hydrograph separation in last decades. Also,the isotope mixing model for hydrograph separation and its uncertainties are explained in detail. In future research,there are three hot issues in the use of isotopic hydrograph separation（ IHS） ： integrating new approaches into IHS,calibration and verification of IHS model and IHS application in large river basins.
文摘生态水文学在水文过程与生态过程的交叉地带开展研究,现已成为水文学与生态学最为活跃的前沿领域之一,而流域水热耦合过程及其对气候与下垫面变化的响应则是其中的一个重要热点研究方向。以SCIE数据库为数据源,借助Thomson Data Analyzer(TDA)、Ucinet和Netdraw等工具,对1992-2015年间关于流域水热耦合过程及其对气候与下垫面变化的响应的研究论文进行数据挖掘,分析表明:(1)近24年来,该领域的论文数量总体呈显著增长态势,依据文章数量、研究主题、机构合作特点等划分为3个阶段:低产出探索期、拓展推进期和高产出活跃期。(2)气候变化、径流、水量平衡、水文模拟、土地利用与覆盖变化等是研究的核心主题,遥感与GIS技术的应用在不断得到加强,人类活动的水文效应及其时程变化等的研究逐渐受到更多的关注。(3)澳大利亚和美国在该研究方向表现突出。中国发文量高,论文质量不断提升。(4)国际合作范围不断扩大。近十年来,中国科学院、清华大学等国内多家科教机构逐渐加强了与国外同行的合作关系,研究工作取得长足进展。
