Principal side factors as well as technical and procedural peculiarities capable of distorting the results of measurements of adsorbed and desorbed amounts, of falsifying the nature of the processes proceeding in the ...Principal side factors as well as technical and procedural peculiarities capable of distorting the results of measurements of adsorbed and desorbed amounts, of falsifying the nature of the processes proceeding in the systems under study, and of promoting artifacts in calorimetric and other studies of gas chemisorption on powders are considered. Modified techniques and procedures allowing the elimination of sources of side phenomena and artifacts and freeing traditional glass static adsorption apparatuses and experimental procedures from undesirable factors and peculiarities are proposed. Some available chemisorption and calorimetric data representing artifacts and also some data that are not artifacts but, due to imperfections of chemisorption techniques, show up as artifacts are presented and discussed. Several applications of the improved techniques and procedures to calorimetric and adsorption studies of the steps of catalytic processes proceeding on the basis of natural gas and of products of its processing are presented and discussed.展开更多
Pyrolysis was carried out in an entrained flow drop-tube furnace（DTF） and tube furnace（TF） using Pingzhuang lignite coal with various catalyst concentrations（2 wt%, 4 wt%, and 6 wt%） of KCl and CaCl2 for the syn...Pyrolysis was carried out in an entrained flow drop-tube furnace（DTF） and tube furnace（TF） using Pingzhuang lignite coal with various catalyst concentrations（2 wt%, 4 wt%, and 6 wt%） of KCl and CaCl2 for the syngas component at 800°C–1200°C. Five catalysts（KCl, CaCl2, NiCl2, MnCl2, and ZnCl2） at 6 wt% were chosen for DTF at 800°C–1200°C. An online gas chromatograph analyzer and the Fourier transform infrared spectra were used for the analysis of the syngas and char structure. Results showed that the overall CO2 and CH4 content in DTF was lower than that in TF, mainly due to the CH4 carbon reaction at high temperature. Moreover, the CO% in DTF was higher than in the TF experiment, as char reacts with carbon dioxide to form carbon monoxide. In DTF experiment, the maximum and minimum CO2 content was 15.20% with 6 wt% Mn at 800°C and 0.33% with 6 wt% K at 1100°C, respectively. The maximum CO% was found in raw coal. Concentrations of Mn2+, Zn2+, and K+can significantly increase H2%, whereas Ca2+ and Ni2+ have a minor effect on H2%; however, the overall presence of catalyst has a positive impact on the H2 content.展开更多
文摘Principal side factors as well as technical and procedural peculiarities capable of distorting the results of measurements of adsorbed and desorbed amounts, of falsifying the nature of the processes proceeding in the systems under study, and of promoting artifacts in calorimetric and other studies of gas chemisorption on powders are considered. Modified techniques and procedures allowing the elimination of sources of side phenomena and artifacts and freeing traditional glass static adsorption apparatuses and experimental procedures from undesirable factors and peculiarities are proposed. Some available chemisorption and calorimetric data representing artifacts and also some data that are not artifacts but, due to imperfections of chemisorption techniques, show up as artifacts are presented and discussed. Several applications of the improved techniques and procedures to calorimetric and adsorption studies of the steps of catalytic processes proceeding on the basis of natural gas and of products of its processing are presented and discussed.
基金supported by the Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51621005)
文摘Pyrolysis was carried out in an entrained flow drop-tube furnace（DTF） and tube furnace（TF） using Pingzhuang lignite coal with various catalyst concentrations（2 wt%, 4 wt%, and 6 wt%） of KCl and CaCl2 for the syngas component at 800°C–1200°C. Five catalysts（KCl, CaCl2, NiCl2, MnCl2, and ZnCl2） at 6 wt% were chosen for DTF at 800°C–1200°C. An online gas chromatograph analyzer and the Fourier transform infrared spectra were used for the analysis of the syngas and char structure. Results showed that the overall CO2 and CH4 content in DTF was lower than that in TF, mainly due to the CH4 carbon reaction at high temperature. Moreover, the CO% in DTF was higher than in the TF experiment, as char reacts with carbon dioxide to form carbon monoxide. In DTF experiment, the maximum and minimum CO2 content was 15.20% with 6 wt% Mn at 800°C and 0.33% with 6 wt% K at 1100°C, respectively. The maximum CO% was found in raw coal. Concentrations of Mn2+, Zn2+, and K+can significantly increase H2%, whereas Ca2+ and Ni2+ have a minor effect on H2%; however, the overall presence of catalyst has a positive impact on the H2 content.
