Energy efficiency in buildings is today a prime objective for energy policy at national and international levels. Because the residential and commercial energy consumption has steadily increased reaching figures betwe...Energy efficiency in buildings is today a prime objective for energy policy at national and international levels. Because the residential and commercial energy consumption has steadily increased reaching figures between 20% and 40%. The use of thermal insulation of the building envelope is one of the most currently requested solutions to reduce this energy consumption. Phase Change Materials (PCM) have received increased attention due to their ability to store large amounts of thermal energy within narrow temperature ranges. This property makes them ideal for storage of passive heat in the building envelopes. An experimental study was conducted to analyze the influence of PCM in the construction of exterior walls. Two test cells are constructed in the Faculty of Science Ain Chock, Casablanca. One is equipped with a 0.56 cm layer of PCM on its roof while the second is a reference cell without PCM. The results presented for the period from 8th to 10<sup>th</sup> July 2014 show that the integration of PCM layer reduces the amplitude of instantaneous heat flux through the horizontal wall. The indoor and the internal vertical wall temperatures, in the case of the cell with PCM, are relatively decreased compared to those of the reference one. For example, the maximum deviation between the indoor temperatures of the cubicles is not more than 1.5℃ while the one on the west faces reaches 3℃ by mid day. Also the inclusion of a layer of PCM shifts the time of peak load and discharge.展开更多
Background: It is recommended that the management of open lower-leg fractures should occur within six hours to avoid complications affecting both prognosis and functionality. This study aimed to evaluate the time take...Background: It is recommended that the management of open lower-leg fractures should occur within six hours to avoid complications affecting both prognosis and functionality. This study aimed to evaluate the time taken for each step of management, identify causes of delay, and propose solutions to reduce the rate of complications. Patients and methods: This was a prospective study involving 153 patients treated from January 2011 to December 2012. Standardized data collection forms documented the times taken for each management step from the accident until surgical intervention. Results: For patients admitted directly to our institution, median time to surgical debridement from arrival was 5 hours. Median time for bone fixation was 24 hours. External fixation was used in 119 patients. There were several causes of delay;lack of financial resources was the most common. Certain causes of delay were significantly correlated with time to debridement. However, although 86.7% of patients who developed an infection had a time from injury to debridement greater than six hours, there was no statistically significant association between infection and delay beyond six hours (p = 0.403). Conclusion: By identifying causes of treatment delay, we hope to be able to avoid complications, and therefore reduce the socio- economic impact of these important surgical emergencies.展开更多
The Mio-Plio-Pleistocene sequence at Casablanca, covering the last six million years, is well known in scientific literature. The variability and the chronology of the Acheulian sequence is documented by systematic, m...The Mio-Plio-Pleistocene sequence at Casablanca, covering the last six million years, is well known in scientific literature. The variability and the chronology of the Acheulian sequence is documented by systematic, modern and controlled investigations in various sites (Unit L and Hominid Cave at Thomas I Quarry, Rhinoceros Cave at Oulad Hamida 1 Quarry, Sidi Abderrahman Extension Quarry, Bear’s Cave and Cap Chatelier at Sidi Abderrahman Quarry) which have taken place within the framework of the Franco-Moroccan co-operative project “Casablanca”. In order to manage the excavation data and to explore the taphonomic nature of Unit L, Hominid Cave and Rhinoceros Cave, where research is still in progress, an approach combining a Geographic Information System (GIS) and spatial analysis techniques was developed, incorporating all existing information produced from previous excavations and recent surveys of the sites. The amalgamation of this data into a GIS has resulted in a digital database that allows the production of simultaneous or separate visualizations and analyses of the fossils, artifacts and geological materials within their original spatial contexts and also permits intra-site spatial analyses that allow a comprehensive investigation of the site formation processes.展开更多
Background: We report a retrospective study of 47 total prosthesis of hip put in place among the young adult of less than fifty years in the service of Traumatology and Orthopedics at the Wing IV of the CHU Ibn Rochd ...Background: We report a retrospective study of 47 total prosthesis of hip put in place among the young adult of less than fifty years in the service of Traumatology and Orthopedics at the Wing IV of the CHU Ibn Rochd of Casablanca, over a period from January 2008 to March 2014, with an average rate of decline of 42 months. Results: The deliberate group of 43 patients (47 hips including 4 bilateral) consisted of 26 women, either 60, 47% and 17 men, either 39, 53%. The average age of our patients was 36 years. In our series, the predominant etiology has been conducted for the indication of the hip replacement was the aseptic osteonecrosis of the femoral head which has represented 31.91%. With regards to the choice of implants, 85% of PTH were non-cemented, the cemented PTH has been used in 15% of cases. The Friction Torque metal/polyethylene was used in all cases. The functional outcome was appreciated by the rating of Merle of Aubigne before and after arthroplasty. The average rate of decline of 42 months, and the results were generally satisfactory. They were excellent in 27.78% of cases, very good in 19.44% of cases and good in 44.44% of cases. The results on the Pain were remarkable: the rating of the pain going 2.8 in pre-operative at 5.6 at the latest decline. The results on the walking and mobility were also good. It was noted as a complication: 4 cases of prosthetic dislocation, 1 case of aseptic descellement bipolar, 2 cases of early sepsis on hardware, 3 cases of paralysis of the sciatic external popliteal and 4 cases of periprothetiques ossification. In total, 5 total prosthesis of hip were occasions. The young age does not seem to be an obstacle to the prosthetic surgery. Conclusion: However, a major question remains concerning the distant future of these prostheses in young active subjects, because they will be submitted for many years in a job which can cause the descellement of prosthetic parts.展开更多
Casablanca, main metropolis of Morocco concentrates more than 46% of the working population. She is considered as the most affected city by the increase of the temperature. We have therefore chosen to base our study o...Casablanca, main metropolis of Morocco concentrates more than 46% of the working population. She is considered as the most affected city by the increase of the temperature. We have therefore chosen to base our study on the city of Ca- sablanca. The main objective of this study is to estimate the ground temperature in order to evaluate the impact of the vegetation on cooling the ground temperature. In order to move to the achievement and to identify the formation of is- lands of warmth or coolness which occur in the urban municipalities of Casablanca, we have used the satellites images Landsat 5 TM. Graphical analysis based on studying the correlation was performed to quantify the strength of the link between the coolest urban surfaces and the green spaces. To achieve this, we used “mono-window” algorithm which re- quires knowledge of the atmospheric transmittance, the emissivity of soil and the effective temperature of the air. This study revealed a strong correlation between vegetation cover and cold areas (R2 = 0.911) and allowed us to determine graphically that there is a strong link between the urban ground temperature and the density of buildings.展开更多
The Greater Casablanca, like the other large cities, has experienced significant urban and industrial development in recent years, this development has certainly helped develop the productive fabric, generate signific...The Greater Casablanca, like the other large cities, has experienced significant urban and industrial development in recent years, this development has certainly helped develop the productive fabric, generate significant employment opportunities for hundreds of thousands of families, but at the expense of the mobility and quality of the environment particularly those of the air. The deterioration of the air quality affects more and more the population＇s health with significant cost and damage to the community, this study aims to quantify the degree of aerosols pollution damage and also its health effects.展开更多
上期发表了北京大学裘灵泉的“怎么理解‘Casablanca’?”一文后,编辑部立刻收到来自全国各地的emails和信件。读者们一致认为裘的“问”和编辑部的“答”都很好。一问一答,向读者具体演示了语言和文化“水乳交融”的关系。很多读者提出...上期发表了北京大学裘灵泉的“怎么理解‘Casablanca’?”一文后,编辑部立刻收到来自全国各地的emails和信件。读者们一致认为裘的“问”和编辑部的“答”都很好。一问一答,向读者具体演示了语言和文化“水乳交融”的关系。很多读者提出,“Haven’t They Seen’Casablanca’?”的意思是懂了,但是怎样翻译才能算是成功的翻译呢?不少读者还提出了自己的译文。归纳之下,主要的译文有以下几种:1/“卡萨布兰卡”式的吻别将在法国车站消失;2/难道他们没有看过“卡萨布兰卡”?3/别了,“卡萨布兰卡”式的吻别！4/车站依旧吻别不再,等等。编辑部的同人比较倾向于第3种翻译,即:别了,“卡萨布兰卡”式的吻别！因为,题目中的“别了”含双关,可以咀嚼一番,另外“卡萨布兰卡”几个字得以保留。另外还有几十位读者来信或发来email,询问如何理解文章中出现的“welcome-filtering operations”,他们说“左思右想”,就是理解不了。我们的解释是,所谓“welcome-filtering operations”,是站在车站立场上对广大乘客说的一句略含幽默意味的话。意思是我们对广大乘客以及送客者持welcome的态度,但是,这种welcome将有所“过滤”(filtering),即不让情侣们进入月台,以至久吻泪别不止,甚至影响列车的正点出发。对于“展开更多
In the last two decades,the exploitation of marine renewable energies(70%of the globe is made up of oceans),especially wave energy,has attracted great interest,not only for their high potential,but also for their high...In the last two decades,the exploitation of marine renewable energies(70%of the globe is made up of oceans),especially wave energy,has attracted great interest,not only for their high potential,but also for their high energy density.The development of wave energy is suitable for countries or regions with extensive coastline and high waves approaching the shore.This paper focuses on the study of wave potential and wave energy distribution in the Casablanca-Mohammedia nearshore area(Moroccan Atlantic coast)in order to identify prospective wave energy hotspots.To achieve this purpose,the offshore wave potential was firstly estimated from a 20 years wave data provided by ECMWF(European Center for Medium range Weather Forecasts).In the second step,a numerical modeling of the wave propagation in the study area was performed using the SWAN model jointly with WAVEWATCHIII.The performance of the model to simulate accurately the wave field was evaluated in a real situation characterized by large waves.The model then was applied to determine the patterns of wave field in the Casablanca-Mohammedia nearshore area for a typical wave conditions(winter,summer and storm).The results of this study show the abundance of wave energy in the region with an average annual wave potential of about 22 kW/m.A seasonal variability of the wave resource was demonstrated,with values five times higher in winter than in summer.In addition,a major hotspot site was identified that should be considered when studyingWEC implementation.This hotspot is located at the southern edge of the Casablanca-Mohammedia coast,near the coastal area of Sidi Rahal.展开更多
文摘Energy efficiency in buildings is today a prime objective for energy policy at national and international levels. Because the residential and commercial energy consumption has steadily increased reaching figures between 20% and 40%. The use of thermal insulation of the building envelope is one of the most currently requested solutions to reduce this energy consumption. Phase Change Materials (PCM) have received increased attention due to their ability to store large amounts of thermal energy within narrow temperature ranges. This property makes them ideal for storage of passive heat in the building envelopes. An experimental study was conducted to analyze the influence of PCM in the construction of exterior walls. Two test cells are constructed in the Faculty of Science Ain Chock, Casablanca. One is equipped with a 0.56 cm layer of PCM on its roof while the second is a reference cell without PCM. The results presented for the period from 8th to 10<sup>th</sup> July 2014 show that the integration of PCM layer reduces the amplitude of instantaneous heat flux through the horizontal wall. The indoor and the internal vertical wall temperatures, in the case of the cell with PCM, are relatively decreased compared to those of the reference one. For example, the maximum deviation between the indoor temperatures of the cubicles is not more than 1.5℃ while the one on the west faces reaches 3℃ by mid day. Also the inclusion of a layer of PCM shifts the time of peak load and discharge.
文摘Background: It is recommended that the management of open lower-leg fractures should occur within six hours to avoid complications affecting both prognosis and functionality. This study aimed to evaluate the time taken for each step of management, identify causes of delay, and propose solutions to reduce the rate of complications. Patients and methods: This was a prospective study involving 153 patients treated from January 2011 to December 2012. Standardized data collection forms documented the times taken for each management step from the accident until surgical intervention. Results: For patients admitted directly to our institution, median time to surgical debridement from arrival was 5 hours. Median time for bone fixation was 24 hours. External fixation was used in 119 patients. There were several causes of delay;lack of financial resources was the most common. Certain causes of delay were significantly correlated with time to debridement. However, although 86.7% of patients who developed an infection had a time from injury to debridement greater than six hours, there was no statistically significant association between infection and delay beyond six hours (p = 0.403). Conclusion: By identifying causes of treatment delay, we hope to be able to avoid complications, and therefore reduce the socio- economic impact of these important surgical emergencies.
文摘The Mio-Plio-Pleistocene sequence at Casablanca, covering the last six million years, is well known in scientific literature. The variability and the chronology of the Acheulian sequence is documented by systematic, modern and controlled investigations in various sites (Unit L and Hominid Cave at Thomas I Quarry, Rhinoceros Cave at Oulad Hamida 1 Quarry, Sidi Abderrahman Extension Quarry, Bear’s Cave and Cap Chatelier at Sidi Abderrahman Quarry) which have taken place within the framework of the Franco-Moroccan co-operative project “Casablanca”. In order to manage the excavation data and to explore the taphonomic nature of Unit L, Hominid Cave and Rhinoceros Cave, where research is still in progress, an approach combining a Geographic Information System (GIS) and spatial analysis techniques was developed, incorporating all existing information produced from previous excavations and recent surveys of the sites. The amalgamation of this data into a GIS has resulted in a digital database that allows the production of simultaneous or separate visualizations and analyses of the fossils, artifacts and geological materials within their original spatial contexts and also permits intra-site spatial analyses that allow a comprehensive investigation of the site formation processes.
文摘Background: We report a retrospective study of 47 total prosthesis of hip put in place among the young adult of less than fifty years in the service of Traumatology and Orthopedics at the Wing IV of the CHU Ibn Rochd of Casablanca, over a period from January 2008 to March 2014, with an average rate of decline of 42 months. Results: The deliberate group of 43 patients (47 hips including 4 bilateral) consisted of 26 women, either 60, 47% and 17 men, either 39, 53%. The average age of our patients was 36 years. In our series, the predominant etiology has been conducted for the indication of the hip replacement was the aseptic osteonecrosis of the femoral head which has represented 31.91%. With regards to the choice of implants, 85% of PTH were non-cemented, the cemented PTH has been used in 15% of cases. The Friction Torque metal/polyethylene was used in all cases. The functional outcome was appreciated by the rating of Merle of Aubigne before and after arthroplasty. The average rate of decline of 42 months, and the results were generally satisfactory. They were excellent in 27.78% of cases, very good in 19.44% of cases and good in 44.44% of cases. The results on the Pain were remarkable: the rating of the pain going 2.8 in pre-operative at 5.6 at the latest decline. The results on the walking and mobility were also good. It was noted as a complication: 4 cases of prosthetic dislocation, 1 case of aseptic descellement bipolar, 2 cases of early sepsis on hardware, 3 cases of paralysis of the sciatic external popliteal and 4 cases of periprothetiques ossification. In total, 5 total prosthesis of hip were occasions. The young age does not seem to be an obstacle to the prosthetic surgery. Conclusion: However, a major question remains concerning the distant future of these prostheses in young active subjects, because they will be submitted for many years in a job which can cause the descellement of prosthetic parts.
文摘Casablanca, main metropolis of Morocco concentrates more than 46% of the working population. She is considered as the most affected city by the increase of the temperature. We have therefore chosen to base our study on the city of Ca- sablanca. The main objective of this study is to estimate the ground temperature in order to evaluate the impact of the vegetation on cooling the ground temperature. In order to move to the achievement and to identify the formation of is- lands of warmth or coolness which occur in the urban municipalities of Casablanca, we have used the satellites images Landsat 5 TM. Graphical analysis based on studying the correlation was performed to quantify the strength of the link between the coolest urban surfaces and the green spaces. To achieve this, we used “mono-window” algorithm which re- quires knowledge of the atmospheric transmittance, the emissivity of soil and the effective temperature of the air. This study revealed a strong correlation between vegetation cover and cold areas (R2 = 0.911) and allowed us to determine graphically that there is a strong link between the urban ground temperature and the density of buildings.
文摘The Greater Casablanca, like the other large cities, has experienced significant urban and industrial development in recent years, this development has certainly helped develop the productive fabric, generate significant employment opportunities for hundreds of thousands of families, but at the expense of the mobility and quality of the environment particularly those of the air. The deterioration of the air quality affects more and more the population＇s health with significant cost and damage to the community, this study aims to quantify the degree of aerosols pollution damage and also its health effects.
文摘上期发表了北京大学裘灵泉的“怎么理解‘Casablanca’?”一文后,编辑部立刻收到来自全国各地的emails和信件。读者们一致认为裘的“问”和编辑部的“答”都很好。一问一答,向读者具体演示了语言和文化“水乳交融”的关系。很多读者提出,“Haven’t They Seen’Casablanca’?”的意思是懂了,但是怎样翻译才能算是成功的翻译呢?不少读者还提出了自己的译文。归纳之下,主要的译文有以下几种:1/“卡萨布兰卡”式的吻别将在法国车站消失;2/难道他们没有看过“卡萨布兰卡”?3/别了,“卡萨布兰卡”式的吻别！4/车站依旧吻别不再,等等。编辑部的同人比较倾向于第3种翻译,即:别了,“卡萨布兰卡”式的吻别！因为,题目中的“别了”含双关,可以咀嚼一番,另外“卡萨布兰卡”几个字得以保留。另外还有几十位读者来信或发来email,询问如何理解文章中出现的“welcome-filtering operations”,他们说“左思右想”,就是理解不了。我们的解释是,所谓“welcome-filtering operations”,是站在车站立场上对广大乘客说的一句略含幽默意味的话。意思是我们对广大乘客以及送客者持welcome的态度,但是,这种welcome将有所“过滤”(filtering),即不让情侣们进入月台,以至久吻泪别不止,甚至影响列车的正点出发。对于“
文摘In the last two decades,the exploitation of marine renewable energies(70%of the globe is made up of oceans),especially wave energy,has attracted great interest,not only for their high potential,but also for their high energy density.The development of wave energy is suitable for countries or regions with extensive coastline and high waves approaching the shore.This paper focuses on the study of wave potential and wave energy distribution in the Casablanca-Mohammedia nearshore area(Moroccan Atlantic coast)in order to identify prospective wave energy hotspots.To achieve this purpose,the offshore wave potential was firstly estimated from a 20 years wave data provided by ECMWF(European Center for Medium range Weather Forecasts).In the second step,a numerical modeling of the wave propagation in the study area was performed using the SWAN model jointly with WAVEWATCHIII.The performance of the model to simulate accurately the wave field was evaluated in a real situation characterized by large waves.The model then was applied to determine the patterns of wave field in the Casablanca-Mohammedia nearshore area for a typical wave conditions(winter,summer and storm).The results of this study show the abundance of wave energy in the region with an average annual wave potential of about 22 kW/m.A seasonal variability of the wave resource was demonstrated,with values five times higher in winter than in summer.In addition,a major hotspot site was identified that should be considered when studyingWEC implementation.This hotspot is located at the southern edge of the Casablanca-Mohammedia coast,near the coastal area of Sidi Rahal.
