Contemporary pharmacological research has demonstrated that puerarin, the most important phytoestrogen extracted from Pueraria lobata(Willd.) Ohwi, has protecting functions on the cardiovascular system, nervous system...Contemporary pharmacological research has demonstrated that puerarin, the most important phytoestrogen extracted from Pueraria lobata(Willd.) Ohwi, has protecting functions on the cardiovascular system, nervous system, osteoporosis, liver injury, and inflammation in vivo and in vitro. Most of these research studies focused on inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis through regulating various bioactivators and signal pathways. Among these, superoxide dismutase(SOD), endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS) and malondialdehyde(MDA), and PI3K/Akt, MAPK, and NF-κB are of great importance. The data cited in this review were mainly obtained from articles listed in PubMed and Elsevier SDOL published from 1959 to 2013, and the search term used was "puerarin".展开更多
Calcium sensing receptors (CaSR) is a member of super-family of G-protein coupling receptors. This review first introduced the concept,construction features,distribution,functions,decision methods,moderators,genetic l...Calcium sensing receptors (CaSR) is a member of super-family of G-protein coupling receptors. This review first introduced the concept,construction features,distribution,functions,decision methods,moderators,genetic locus of CaSR and its relationship with some diseases concisely. Then this article described the investigation progress of CaSR in cardiovascular system intensively,including the expression pattern,role and signal pathways of CaSR in rat myocardium in normal,ischemia-reperfusion injury,apoptosis and cardiac hypertrophy; the role and mechanism of CaSR in calcium homostasis regulation of rat myocardium,endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and cardiac ischemic preconditioning and postconditioning. The metabolism rule,physiological significance and pathological action of polyamine in cardiac cells; the increase of CaSR expression in cardiac tissue of artherosclerosic rat and its effect on sensitivity to acute myocardial infarction are also discussed. In the end,the research perspective of CaSR in cardiovascular system was anticipated.展开更多
目的:分析维持性血液透析患者血清钙、磷及成纤维细胞生长因子23(fibroblast growth factor,FGF23)、Klotho蛋白水平,探讨慢性肾病矿物质及骨代谢异常(chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder,CKD-MBD)患者血清FGF23、Kloth...目的:分析维持性血液透析患者血清钙、磷及成纤维细胞生长因子23(fibroblast growth factor,FGF23)、Klotho蛋白水平,探讨慢性肾病矿物质及骨代谢异常(chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder,CKD-MBD)患者血清FGF23、Klotho蛋白水平变化与心血管系统并发症的关系。方法:回顾性分析中南大学湘雅医院CKD-MBD未透析患者(NHD组)、CKD-MBD规律血液透析患者(HD组)及CKD-MBD伴继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进(secondary hyperparathyroidism,SHPT)伴腺瘤样增生患者(SHPT组)各60例的MBD及心脏损伤发病情况,比较血液透析对患者病情的影响。同期收集体检中心体检健康的30例对象为对照组,记录其基本情况、收集钙、磷、全段甲状旁腺素(i PTH)等钙磷代谢指标及心脏彩超检查结果。通过酶联免疫吸附试验(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测各组血清FGF23和Klotho蛋白情况,比较各组之间钙磷代谢相关生化指标、左室肥厚、左室扩大及心脏瓣膜异位钙化之间差异,分析上述指标间相关性,明确CKD-MBD患者心血管损伤的相关因素及其与FGF23蛋白和Klotho蛋白水平的关系。结果:维持性血液透析患者尤其是伴有SHPT的血液透析患者血清FGF23水平明显升高,而血清Klotho蛋白水平明显降低(P<0.01)。FGF23蛋白水平降低者发生异位钙化风险升高(OR=4.667);Klotho蛋白水平降低者发生心肌肥厚风险升高(OR=3.496)。在慢性肾病患者异位钙化诊断中的血清FGF23蛋白水平ROC曲线下面积为0.778(P<0.01);血清Klotho蛋白水平ROC曲线下面积为0.715(P<0.01)。结论:血清FGF23增多、Klotho蛋白减少是CKD心脏损伤的危险因素。FGF23和Klotho蛋白可作为诊断和预测CKD-MBD患者心脏异位钙化的临床指标。展开更多
The aggregation of amyloid-beta peptide and tau protein dysregulation are implicated to play key roles in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and are considered the main pathological hallmarks of this devastating dis...The aggregation of amyloid-beta peptide and tau protein dysregulation are implicated to play key roles in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and are considered the main pathological hallmarks of this devastating disease.Physiologically,these two proteins are produced and expressed within the normal human body.However,under pathological conditions,abnormal expression,posttranslational modifications,conformational changes,and truncation can make these proteins prone to aggregation,triggering specific disease-related cascades.Recent studies have indicated associations between aberrant behavior of amyloid-beta and tau proteins and various neurological diseases,such as Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson's disease,and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,as well as retinal neurodegenerative diseases like Glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration.Additionally,these proteins have been linked to cardiovascular disease,cancer,traumatic brain injury,and diabetes,which are all leading causes of morbidity and mortality.In this comprehensive review,we provide an overview of the connections between amyloid-beta and tau proteins and a spectrum of disorders.展开更多
晚期糖基化终末产物(advanced glycosylation end products,AGEs)是糖酮或醛基与蛋白、脂质、氨基酸的自由氨基经不可逆反应所形成的物质,是非酶糖基化反应的最终产物。研究发现在动脉硬化、心肌舒张异常及内皮功能紊乱等心血管疾病中...晚期糖基化终末产物(advanced glycosylation end products,AGEs)是糖酮或醛基与蛋白、脂质、氨基酸的自由氨基经不可逆反应所形成的物质,是非酶糖基化反应的最终产物。研究发现在动脉硬化、心肌舒张异常及内皮功能紊乱等心血管疾病中都出现AGEs水平的增加,并且抑制AGEs的产生或作用具有心血管保护作用。因此,AGEs可以作为防治心血管疾病的一个潜在靶点。本文重点综述了AGEs的来源、心血管损伤机制及防治策略。展开更多
Traumatic brain inju ry-induced unfavorable outcomes in human patients have independently been associated with dysregulated levels of monoamines,especially epinephrine,although few preclinical studies have examined th...Traumatic brain inju ry-induced unfavorable outcomes in human patients have independently been associated with dysregulated levels of monoamines,especially epinephrine,although few preclinical studies have examined the epinephrine level in the central nervous system after traumatic brain injury.Epinephrine has been shown to regulate the activities of spinal motoneurons as well as increase the heart rate,blood pressure,and blood flow to the hindlimb muscles.Therefore,the purpose of the present study was to determine the impact of repeated blast-induced traumatic brain injury on the epinephrine levels in seve ral function-s pecific central nervous system regions in rats.Following three repeated blast injuries at 3-day intervals,the hippocampus,motor cortex,locus coeruleus,vestibular nuclei,and lumbar spinal cord were harvested at post-injury day eight and processed for epinephrine assays using a high-sensitive electrochemical detector cou pled with high-performance liquid chromatography.Our results showed that the epinephrine levels were significantly decreased in the lumbar spinal cord tissues of blast-induced traumatic brain injury animals compared to the levels detected in age-and sex-matched sham controls.In other function-specific central nervous system regions,although the epinephrine levels were slightly altered following blast-induced tra u matic brain injury,they were not statistically significant.These results suggest that blast injury-induced significant downregulation of epinephrine in the lumbar spinal cord could negatively impact the motor and cardiovascular function.This is the first repo rt to show altered epinephrine levels in the spinal cord following repetitive mild blast-induced traumatic brain injury.展开更多
基金supported by the Ministry of Education Doctoral Program special fund(No.20110182110012)the Key Projects of Chinese Medicine Research of Chongqing Municipal Health Bureau(2010[60]2010-1-4)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities(Nos.XDJK2014C058,XDJK2010C059)
文摘Contemporary pharmacological research has demonstrated that puerarin, the most important phytoestrogen extracted from Pueraria lobata(Willd.) Ohwi, has protecting functions on the cardiovascular system, nervous system, osteoporosis, liver injury, and inflammation in vivo and in vitro. Most of these research studies focused on inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis through regulating various bioactivators and signal pathways. Among these, superoxide dismutase(SOD), endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS) and malondialdehyde(MDA), and PI3K/Akt, MAPK, and NF-κB are of great importance. The data cited in this review were mainly obtained from articles listed in PubMed and Elsevier SDOL published from 1959 to 2013, and the search term used was "puerarin".
文摘Calcium sensing receptors (CaSR) is a member of super-family of G-protein coupling receptors. This review first introduced the concept,construction features,distribution,functions,decision methods,moderators,genetic locus of CaSR and its relationship with some diseases concisely. Then this article described the investigation progress of CaSR in cardiovascular system intensively,including the expression pattern,role and signal pathways of CaSR in rat myocardium in normal,ischemia-reperfusion injury,apoptosis and cardiac hypertrophy; the role and mechanism of CaSR in calcium homostasis regulation of rat myocardium,endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and cardiac ischemic preconditioning and postconditioning. The metabolism rule,physiological significance and pathological action of polyamine in cardiac cells; the increase of CaSR expression in cardiac tissue of artherosclerosic rat and its effect on sensitivity to acute myocardial infarction are also discussed. In the end,the research perspective of CaSR in cardiovascular system was anticipated.
文摘The aggregation of amyloid-beta peptide and tau protein dysregulation are implicated to play key roles in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and are considered the main pathological hallmarks of this devastating disease.Physiologically,these two proteins are produced and expressed within the normal human body.However,under pathological conditions,abnormal expression,posttranslational modifications,conformational changes,and truncation can make these proteins prone to aggregation,triggering specific disease-related cascades.Recent studies have indicated associations between aberrant behavior of amyloid-beta and tau proteins and various neurological diseases,such as Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson's disease,and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,as well as retinal neurodegenerative diseases like Glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration.Additionally,these proteins have been linked to cardiovascular disease,cancer,traumatic brain injury,and diabetes,which are all leading causes of morbidity and mortality.In this comprehensive review,we provide an overview of the connections between amyloid-beta and tau proteins and a spectrum of disorders.
文摘晚期糖基化终末产物(advanced glycosylation end products,AGEs)是糖酮或醛基与蛋白、脂质、氨基酸的自由氨基经不可逆反应所形成的物质,是非酶糖基化反应的最终产物。研究发现在动脉硬化、心肌舒张异常及内皮功能紊乱等心血管疾病中都出现AGEs水平的增加,并且抑制AGEs的产生或作用具有心血管保护作用。因此,AGEs可以作为防治心血管疾病的一个潜在靶点。本文重点综述了AGEs的来源、心血管损伤机制及防治策略。
基金supported by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs Rehabilitation Research and Development Service (RR&D)[Merit Review Award numbers B3123-I/101 RX003123 and B3986-R/I01 RX003986-01A1]。
文摘Traumatic brain inju ry-induced unfavorable outcomes in human patients have independently been associated with dysregulated levels of monoamines,especially epinephrine,although few preclinical studies have examined the epinephrine level in the central nervous system after traumatic brain injury.Epinephrine has been shown to regulate the activities of spinal motoneurons as well as increase the heart rate,blood pressure,and blood flow to the hindlimb muscles.Therefore,the purpose of the present study was to determine the impact of repeated blast-induced traumatic brain injury on the epinephrine levels in seve ral function-s pecific central nervous system regions in rats.Following three repeated blast injuries at 3-day intervals,the hippocampus,motor cortex,locus coeruleus,vestibular nuclei,and lumbar spinal cord were harvested at post-injury day eight and processed for epinephrine assays using a high-sensitive electrochemical detector cou pled with high-performance liquid chromatography.Our results showed that the epinephrine levels were significantly decreased in the lumbar spinal cord tissues of blast-induced traumatic brain injury animals compared to the levels detected in age-and sex-matched sham controls.In other function-specific central nervous system regions,although the epinephrine levels were slightly altered following blast-induced tra u matic brain injury,they were not statistically significant.These results suggest that blast injury-induced significant downregulation of epinephrine in the lumbar spinal cord could negatively impact the motor and cardiovascular function.This is the first repo rt to show altered epinephrine levels in the spinal cord following repetitive mild blast-induced traumatic brain injury.
