Frozen shoulder is a common disease which causes significant morbidity. Despite over a hundred years of treating this condition the definition, diagnosis, pathology and most efficacious treatments are still largely un...Frozen shoulder is a common disease which causes significant morbidity. Despite over a hundred years of treating this condition the definition, diagnosis, pathology and most efficacious treatments are still largely unclear. This systematic review of current treatments for frozen shoulder reviews the evidence base behind physiotherapy, both oral and intra articular steroid, hydrodilatation, manipulation under anaesthesia and arthroscopic capsular release. Key areas in which future research could be directed are identified, in particular with regard to the increasing role of arthroscopic capsular release as a treatment.展开更多
The natural vitreous body has a fine structure and complex functions. The imitation of the natural vitreous body by vitreous substitutes is a challenging work for both researchers and ophthalmologists. Gases, silicone...The natural vitreous body has a fine structure and complex functions. The imitation of the natural vitreous body by vitreous substitutes is a challenging work for both researchers and ophthalmologists. Gases, silicone oil, heavy silicone oil and hydrogels, particularly the former two vitreous substitutes are clinically widely used with certain complications. Those, however, are not real artificial vitreous due to lack of structure and function like the natural vitreous body. This article reviews the situations, challenges, and future directions in the development of vitreous substitutes, particularly the experimental and clinical use of a new artificial foldable capsular vitreous body.展开更多
AIM To compare the results of arthroscopic capsular release with intra-articular steroid injections in patients of frozen shoulder.METHODS Fifty-six patients with frozen shoulder were randomised to one of two treatmen...AIM To compare the results of arthroscopic capsular release with intra-articular steroid injections in patients of frozen shoulder.METHODS Fifty-six patients with frozen shoulder were randomised to one of two treatment groups: Group 1, complete 360 degree arthroscopic capsular release and group 2, intra-articular corticosteroid injection(40 mg methyl prednisolone acetate). Both groups were put on active and passive range of motion exercises following the intervention. The outcome parameters were visual analogue scale(VAS) score for pain, range of motion and Constant score which were measured at baseline, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 wk after intervention.RESULTS All the parameters improved in both the groups. The mean VAS score improved significantly more in the group 1 as compared to group 2 at 8 wk. This greater improvement was maintained at 20 wk with P value of 0.007 at 8 wk, 0.006 at 12 wk, 0.006 at 16 wk and 0.019 at 20 wk. The Constant score showed a more significant improvement in group 1 compared to group 2 at 4 wk, which was again maintained at 20 wk with P value of 0.01 at 4, 8, 12 and 16 wk. The gain in abduction movement was statistically significantly more in arthroscopy group with P value of 0.001 at 4, 8, 12, 16 wk and 0.005 at 20 wk. The gain in external rotation was statistically significantly more in arthroscopy group with P value of 0.007 at 4 wk, 0.001 at 8, 12, and 16 wk and 0.003 at 20 wk. There was no statistically significant difference in extension and internal rotation between the two groups at any time. CONCLUSION Arthroscopic capsular release provides subjective and objective improvement earlier than intra-articular steroid injection.展开更多
[Objective] The effect of different culture conditions on type 5 capsular polysaccharide production of Staphylococcus aureus from diary cattle was studied to provide simple way for CP production and preparation and la...[Objective] The effect of different culture conditions on type 5 capsular polysaccharide production of Staphylococcus aureus from diary cattle was studied to provide simple way for CP production and preparation and laid foundation for carrying out new polysaccharide vaccine research. [Method] Staph-ylococcus aureus was isolated from milk sample of sick dairy cattle and capsular polysaccharide serotypes were identified. Type 5 capsular polysaccharide was cultured on BHI,solid columbia and mod110 culture media. Glucose and lactose were taken as carbon sources for every culture media in solid and liquid state. Therefore 9 different culture conditions were taken to study the effect of culture conditions on capsular polysaccharide production. [Result] Different culture conditions indicated that compared with columbia culture media, BHI culture media could decline capsular polysaccharide production and mod110 culture media could increase capsular polysaccharide production. While for same culture media, solid culture media was better for capsular polysaccharide production,meanwhile,taken lactose as carbon source could increase capsular polysaccharide production.展开更多
Background： Previous studies have demonstrated that ultrasonography is the recommended imaging modality for preoperative staging of papillary thyroid carcinomas （PTCs）. However, only a few studies have kept watch o...Background： Previous studies have demonstrated that ultrasonography is the recommended imaging modality for preoperative staging of papillary thyroid carcinomas （PTCs）. However, only a few studies have kept watch on preoperative evaluation of capsular invasion （CI） or extracapsular extension （ECE） and cervical lymph node metastasis using preoperative ultrasonography. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the CI or ECE and the cervical lymph node metastasis in PTCs using preoperative ultrasonography and postoperative pathology in Chinese patients. Methods： The data of preoperative ultrasonography and postoperative pathology of 166 patients who had a defnitive diagnosis of PTCs from October 2011 to July 2014 at Xuanwu Hospital, Beijing were collected and reviewed. Preoperative ultrasonic parameters of thyroid nodules were compared with those of postoperative pathological diagnoses. All the patients were divided into bilateral PTCs group （n - 42, 78 nodules） and unilateral PTCs group （n = 124, 124 nodules）, and the data of the nodnle sizes, CI or ECE, and cervical lymph node metastasis by preoperative ultrasonography were compared between two groups. Results： A total of 202 nodules of 166 patients which were confimled by preoperative ultrasonography and postoperative pathology were analyzed. Hypoechogenicity （n = 201, 99.5%） and inegular margins （tl = 167, 82.7%） were the main ultrasonic characteristics of PTCs. A significant moderate agreement between preoperative ultrasonic examination and postoperative pathology fbr CI or ECE （K - 0.622, P 〈 0.001 ） was observed. The diagnostic sensitivity was 92.0%~ and specificity was 7 I. 1%. In bilateral PTCs group, 81.0% had CI or ECE, and 61.9% had cervical lymph node metastasis. In unilateral PTCs group, 76.6% had CI or ECE, and 58.1% had cervical lymph node metastasis. There were no significant differences in the incidence of Cl or ECE and cervical lymph node metastasis between two groups （all P 〉 0.05）. Con展开更多
AIM:To compare the rotational stability of Toric intraocular lens(IOLs)implantation combined with foureyelet or two-eyelet capsular tension rings(CTRs)in eyes with high myopia and cataract.METHODS:This prospective ran...AIM:To compare the rotational stability of Toric intraocular lens(IOLs)implantation combined with foureyelet or two-eyelet capsular tension rings(CTRs)in eyes with high myopia and cataract.METHODS:This prospective randomized controlled interventional study in cluded 33 eyes which had preoperative corneal astigmatism≥1.5 D and ocular axial length≥25.5 mm.These eyes were randomly divided into two groups to undergo phacoemulsification and toric IOL implantation with either four-eyelet CTR implantation(group A,n=16)or two-eyelet CTR implantation(group B,n=17).Uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA),best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),phoropter examination results,and toric IOL rotation degrees were tested 6 mo after the surgery.RESULTS:In both groups,the toric IOL was in the capsular sac 6 mo after surgery.The difference between the two groups in terms of visual outcome was not found to be statistically significant(P>0.05)at a follow-up of 6 mo.The mean residual astigmatism values were 0.56±0.22 D and 0.92±0.24 D in A and B groups,respectively(P<0.001).The mean rotation degree of IOL was 1.00°±0.73°in group A and 3.53°±1.46°in group B(P<0.001).CONCLUSION:In cataract patients with high myopia and astigmatism,four-eyelet CTR can effectively increase the rotation stability of toric IOLs,achieving the desired goal of correcting corneal astigmatism.展开更多
AIM:To Investigate the effects of transforming growth factorβ2(TGF-β2)and connective tissue growth factor(CTGF)on transdifferentiation of human lens epithelial cells(HLECs)cultured in vitro and synthesis of extracel...AIM:To Investigate the effects of transforming growth factorβ2(TGF-β2)and connective tissue growth factor(CTGF)on transdifferentiation of human lens epithelial cells(HLECs)cultured in vitro and synthesis of extracellular matrix(ECM).METHODS:HLECs were treated with TGF-β2(0,0.5,1.0,5,10μg/L)and CTGF(0,15,30,60,100μg/L)for different times(0,24,48,72h)in vitro and the expression ofα-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),the main component of the extracellular matrix typeⅠcollagen(Col-1)and fibronectin(Fn)were measured by using real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR)and western-blot.RESULTS:TGF-β2 and CTGF significantly increased expression ofα-SMA mRNA and protein(P【0.05,P【0.001),Fn mRNA and protein(P【0.001),Col-1 mRNA and protein(P【0.001).TGF-β2 could induce HLECs expression of CTGF mRNA and protein in dosedependent manner(P【0.05,P【0.001).TGF-β2 and CTGF could induce HLECs to expressα-SMA,Fn and Col-1 in time-dependent manner.Each time of TGF-β2and CTGF induced HELCs expression ofα-SMA,Fn,Col-1 mRNA and protein was significant increase compared with control(P【0.05,P【0.001).CONCLUSION:TGF-β2 and CTGF could induce HLECs epithelial mesenchymal transition and ECM synthesis.展开更多
Background Anterior capsular contraction syndrome is a potential complication of continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis （CCC）. Three neodymium： yttrium-aluminum-garnet （Nd：YAG） laser relaxing incisions decrease an...Background Anterior capsular contraction syndrome is a potential complication of continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis （CCC）. Three neodymium： yttrium-aluminum-garnet （Nd：YAG） laser relaxing incisions decrease anterior capsular contraction but the mechanism is unknown. The present study analyzed the biomechanical mechanism of three Nd：YAG laser relaxing incisions made to reduce anterior capsular contraction. Methods A three-dimensional control model and a three-dimensional Nd：YAG model of the anterior capsule with an opening diameter of 6 mm were created. Three incisions of 1 mm in length were made centrifugally at intervals of 120~ around the opening circle. The stress alterations of the anterior capsule after CCC with and without Nd：YAG relaxation were numerically simulated and compared. Results In the control model, the stress was axially uniform in the inner area and relatively high near the inner rim of the opening. Meanwhile, in the Nd：YAG model, the stress level was very low in the inner opening areas, especially near the three incisions. The relaxing incisions in the Nd：YAG model significantly released the relatively high stress on the anterior capsule. Additionally, there was a high stress gradient near the relaxing incisions. Conclusion Biomechanical effects of stress release may be the preventive mechanism of Nd：YAG incision against anterior capsular contraction syndrome.展开更多
Objective: By observing the treatment and nursing care of a patient with Grade IV capsular contracture following breast cancer expander implantation and subsequent Stage II reconstruction, we aim to analyze the reason...Objective: By observing the treatment and nursing care of a patient with Grade IV capsular contracture following breast cancer expander implantation and subsequent Stage II reconstruction, we aim to analyze the reasons for the formation of capsular contracture after Stage I expander implantation and prevent its recurrence following Stage II reconstruction. Methods: In May 2020, the patient noticed an increase in the size of a breast mass. In August, she underwent AC-THP neoadjuvant chemotherapy, followed by a “right breast-conserving nipple-areolar subglandular excision + right axillary lymph node dissection + expander implantation” surgery in November 2020. Radiation therapy began in January 2021. During radiation therapy, the patient experienced severe breast hardening, distortion, tenderness, and was diagnosed with Grade IV capsular contracture. To relieve the capsular contracture, the patient underwent a “contracted capsule incision and release procedure + removal of the right breast expander + right breast implantation” surgery in July 2021. Postoperatively, measures were taken to prevent incision infection, emphasizing aseptic techniques, ensuring smooth negative pressure drainage, reducing skin flap tension, monitoring skin flap blood supply, actively preventing subcutaneous effusion and hematoma, and applying appropriate compression dressings. Results: The patient was discharged after the removal of the drainage tube. During the postoperative follow-up at 3 and 6 months, there was no recurrence of capsular contracture, and the breast appeared full, upright, and relatively soft. There were no complications such as hematoma, infection, breast implant rupture, breast sagging, or displacement. The patient had a good outcome without additional financial or surgical burdens. Conclusion: The occurrence of Grade IV capsular contracture in the patient is generally related to infection after Stage I expander implantation, improper compression dressing, excessive saline injection causing content infiltration展开更多
AIM:To explore the inhibitory effect of a sustained cyclosporin A (CsA) delivery microsphere (CsA-MS) on posterior capsular opacification (PCO) in rabbit eyes after cataract extraction. ·METHODS:Twenty New Zealan...AIM:To explore the inhibitory effect of a sustained cyclosporin A (CsA) delivery microsphere (CsA-MS) on posterior capsular opacification (PCO) in rabbit eyes after cataract extraction. ·METHODS:Twenty New Zealand white rabbits accepted cataract extraction plus intraocular lens implantation and their left eyes were intraoperatively injected CsA-MS prepared using polymer polylactioglycolic acid (PLGA) as a carrier and their right eyes were injected with empty MS. The changes in cornea, anterior chamber reaction, intraocular pressure, PCO and CsA concentration in aqueous humor were examined postoperatively and all the eyes were enucleated 3 months after surgery for histopathological and morphological examination with light microscopy and electron microscopy. · RESULTS:Conjunctival hyperemia, corneal edema, intraocular pressure and anterior chamber response of experimental and control eyes were similar, while PCO in CsA MS injected eyes was greatly improved compared with that in control eyes. Posterior capsules in CsA-MS injected eyes were smooth and lens epithelial cells (LEC) did not proliferate significantly (P 】0.05), while LEC in posterior capsule of control eyes had different degrees of proliferation and cortical regeneration. LEC in CsA-MS injected eyes were not functionally active and underwent apoptosis, whereas LEC in control eyes were functionally active (F-test, P =0.025). In addition, the cornealultrastructure showed no differences between CsA-MS and MS injected eyes. CONCLUSION:CsA-MS has high bioavailability in rabbit eyes and could inhibit postoperative PCO occurrence and development during the study period, suggesting that CsA-MS may be a promising, effective and safe administration route to prevent PCO in clinic.展开更多
Objective: The incidence of after-cataracts [also known as posterior capsular opacification (PCO)] is between 30% and 50% three years following cataract surgery. Suppressing the proliferation of lens epithelial cells ...Objective: The incidence of after-cataracts [also known as posterior capsular opacification (PCO)] is between 30% and 50% three years following cataract surgery. Suppressing the proliferation of lens epithelial cells (LECs) is a primary goal in preventing PCO. Here, we investigated the proteomic regulation of the inhibitory effects of curcumin (Cur) on the proliferation of human lens epithelial B3 (HLE-B3) cells. Methods: Recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor (rhbFGF) was used to induce proliferation of HLE-B3 cells, which were incubated with 20 mg/L Cur in a CO2 incubator for 24 h. Results: We found that the absorbance (A) value of rhbFGF group was significantly higher than the A value of the control group. Furthermore, the A value of the Cur group was significantly lower com- pared to the rhbFGF group, with an inhibition of 53.7%. Five different protein spots were obtained from proliferative HLE-B3 cells induced by rhbFGF. Eight different protein spots were obtained in HLE-B3 cells incubated with Cur. There were the common variational protein spots at mass/charge (m/z) ratios of 8 093 and 13 767 between rhbFGF group and control group as well as between the Cur group and rhbFGF group. Conclusions: These results show that Cur effectively inhibited HLE-B3 cell proliferation induced by rhbFGF. The protein spots at m/z of 8 093 and 13 767 may be the targets of Cur-induced inhibition of HLE-B3 cell proliferation. Cur may be a reliable and effective drug for pre- vention and treatment of polymerase chain reaction (PCR).展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the influence of different intraocular lens(IOL) designs made of PMMA on posterior capsular opacification(PCO) and compare with foldable designs.· METHODS: Phacoemulsification and IOL implantatio...AIM: To evaluate the influence of different intraocular lens(IOL) designs made of PMMA on posterior capsular opacification(PCO) and compare with foldable designs.· METHODS: Phacoemulsification and IOL implantation was done in one eye of 24 New Zealand White rabbits, with IOL of two different designs (Square edged or round edge) and two different materials(PMMA or HEMA). After three months, the animals were sacrificed and enucleated. Evaluation of PCO included posterior view, migration of anterior capsular epithelial cells to the posterior capsule following epithelial-mesenchymal transition were assessed by staining the histological sections of posterior capsule by hematoxylin-eosin(HE) and Periodic acid- Schiff (PAS). The IOLs were extracted and stained with HE to evaluate the presence of adherent cells on the lens surface. · RESULTS: PCO was highest with round edged rigid lens. There was no significant difference in the PCO between the square edged PMMA and square edged foldable lens.· CONCLUSION: It is the design of the IOL not the material that offers protection on PCO formation.展开更多
Dear Editor,I am Dr.Cai-Xuan Huang,from the Eye Center,Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University,Hubei Province,China.I write to present a case report of bilateral anterior megalophthalmos with open-angle glaucoma,which was...Dear Editor,I am Dr.Cai-Xuan Huang,from the Eye Center,Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University,Hubei Province,China.I write to present a case report of bilateral anterior megalophthalmos with open-angle glaucoma,which was treated by combined phacoemulsification and anterior vitrectomy.展开更多
In his beautiful book,Consilience:The Unity of Knowledge,the eminent biologist Edward O Wilson,advocates the need for integration and reconciliation across the sciences.He defines consilience as“literally a‘jumping ...In his beautiful book,Consilience:The Unity of Knowledge,the eminent biologist Edward O Wilson,advocates the need for integration and reconciliation across the sciences.He defines consilience as“literally a‘jumping together’of knowledge with a linking of facts…to create a common groundwork of explanation”.It is the premise of this paper that as much as basic biomedical research is in need of data generation using the latest available techniques–unifying available knowledge is just as critical.This involves the necessity to resolve contradictory findings,reduce silos,and acknowledge complexity.We take the cornea and the lens as case studies of our premise.Specifically,in this perspective,we discuss the conflicting and fragmented information on protein aggregation,oxidative damage,and fibrosis.These are fields of study that are integrally tied to anterior segment research.Our goal is to highlight the vital need for Wilson’s consilience and unity of knowledge which in turn should lead to enhanced rigor and reproducibility,and most importantly,to greater understanding and not simply knowing.展开更多
●AIM:To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of scleral buckling for the treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRD)using a novel foldable capsular buckle(FCB).●METHODS:This was a series of case observation...●AIM:To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of scleral buckling for the treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRD)using a novel foldable capsular buckle(FCB).●METHODS:This was a series of case observation studies.Eighteen patients(18 eyes)who visited our ophthalmology department between August 2020 and August 2022 and were treated for RRD with scleral buckling using FCB were included.The procedure was similar to conventional scleral buckling,while a balloon-like FCB was placed onto the retinal break with balanced salt solution filling for a broad,external indentation instead of the silicone buckle.The retinal reattachment rate,best corrected visual acuity(BCVA),intraocular pressure(IOP),refractive dioptre and astigmatism degree,and complications were evaluated and recorded.●RESULTS:There were 7 males and 11 females aged 19-58y.The average time course of RRD was 12d,ranging from 7-20d.The retinal break was located in the superior quadrants in 8 eyes and in the inferior quadrants in 10 eyes,with macula-off detachments in 12 eyes.The patients were followed-up for at least 6mo.The final retinal reattachment rate was 100%.The BCVA was significantly improved compared with the baseline(P<0.05).There was no significant change in refractive dioptre or astigmatism degree at each follow-up(all P>0.05).Three patients had transiently high IOPs within one week after surgery.Mild diplopia occurred in 5 patients after surgery and then disappeared after the balloon fluid was removed.●CONCLUSION:The success rate of FCB scleral buckling for RRD is satisfactory.This procedure can be expected to be applied in new,uncomplicated cases of RRD.展开更多
BACKGROUND Cataracts pose a significant clinical burden due to their complex pathogenesis.In recent years,an increase in cataracts coexisting with myopia has heightened the incidence of retinopathy and posterior vitre...BACKGROUND Cataracts pose a significant clinical burden due to their complex pathogenesis.In recent years,an increase in cataracts coexisting with myopia has heightened the incidence of retinopathy and posterior vitreous detachment.Additionally,symptoms of ocular axis elongation,lens nucleus hardening,and vitreous liquefaction have become more prevalent.While conventional extracapsular cataract extraction is commonly employed,it often yields suboptimal visual outcomes.Subsequent advancements in cataract phacoemulsification and lens implantation surgeries have gained widespread acceptance for their ability to improve refraction and significantly improve uncorrected visual acuity.AIM To investigate the effect of capsular treatment after phacoemulsification lens implantation in myopic patients with cataract.METHODS We selected 110 patients(with 134 eyes)with myopia and cataracts treated.These patients were categorized into two groups:an observation group(57 patients with 70 eyes)and a control group(53 patients with 64 eyes).The control group underwent cataract phacoemulsification and lens implantation,while the observation group received a refined capsular treatment based on the control group’s procedure.We assessed the differences in visual acuity and quality between the two groups before and after surgery.RESULTS At six months post-operation,the observation group exhibited significantly improved far vision,intermediate vision,near vision,lower objective scattering index,higher Modulation transfer function cut-off frequency,and overall vision metrics at different contrast levels(100%,20%and 9%)compared to the control group(P<0.05).The total score of the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire in the observation group at 6 months after operation was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).No significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions was observed between the observation group and control group(P>0.05).CONCLUSION Capsular treatment demonstrates efficacy in improvin展开更多
●AIM:To assess effectivity and safety of trifocal intraocular lenses(IOLs)and capsular tension rings in treating cataract patients with axial high myopia.●METHODS:A prospective nonrandomized controlled clinical tria...●AIM:To assess effectivity and safety of trifocal intraocular lenses(IOLs)and capsular tension rings in treating cataract patients with axial high myopia.●METHODS:A prospective nonrandomized controlled clinical trial was conducted.Totally 98 eyes(74 patients)who underwent femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery(FLACS)with trifocal IOLs were enrolled in the study and followed up for 2y after surgery:46 eyes(33 patients)with capsular tension ring implantation in the long axial lengths(AL)group(26<AL<29 mm)and 52 eyes(41 patients)in the normal AL group(22<AL<24.5 mm).Postoperative outcomes about effectivity and safety,including the subjective and objective visual quality,and postoperative complications were assessed.●RESULTS:Uncorrected distance visual acuity at 5 m and uncorrected intermediate visual acuity at 60 and 80 cm in the long AL group were significantly worse than those in the normal AL group at 3mo postoperatively(P<0.05).The differences in reading speed,spectacle independence and potential visual complaints between the two groups were not statistically significant(P>0.05).The dysfunctional lens index and total modulation transfer function(MTF)average height were similar between the two groups.The postoperative internal coma aberrations in the axial high myopia eyes were significantly higher than that in the normal AL group(P<0.05).The total satisfaction score in the long AL group(91.32±2.76)was slightly higher than that in the normal AL group(90.36±3.47),but there was no difference(P=0.136).A statistically negative correlation was found between corrected distance visual acuity(CDVA)and dysfunctional lens index(r=-0.382,P=0.009),and between CDVA and the total MTF average height(r=-0.374,P=0.01).But there was no significant correlation between CDVA and total satisfaction score(r=0.059,P=0.696).Postoperative complications mainly presented as posterior capsular opacity(PCO),retinal detachment and cystoid macular edema.There was no difference in the incidence of fundus disease(6.5%vs 3.8%,P=0.663)展开更多
文摘Frozen shoulder is a common disease which causes significant morbidity. Despite over a hundred years of treating this condition the definition, diagnosis, pathology and most efficacious treatments are still largely unclear. This systematic review of current treatments for frozen shoulder reviews the evidence base behind physiotherapy, both oral and intra articular steroid, hydrodilatation, manipulation under anaesthesia and arthroscopic capsular release. Key areas in which future research could be directed are identified, in particular with regard to the increasing role of arthroscopic capsular release as a treatment.
基金Supported by the "Twelfth Five-Year" Plan for Science & Technology Support Grant (No. 2012BAI08B02)the National 863 Project (No. 2009AA02Z404)the Guangdong Provincial Industry University Research Cooperation Plan (No. 2010A090200074)
文摘The natural vitreous body has a fine structure and complex functions. The imitation of the natural vitreous body by vitreous substitutes is a challenging work for both researchers and ophthalmologists. Gases, silicone oil, heavy silicone oil and hydrogels, particularly the former two vitreous substitutes are clinically widely used with certain complications. Those, however, are not real artificial vitreous due to lack of structure and function like the natural vitreous body. This article reviews the situations, challenges, and future directions in the development of vitreous substitutes, particularly the experimental and clinical use of a new artificial foldable capsular vitreous body.
文摘AIM To compare the results of arthroscopic capsular release with intra-articular steroid injections in patients of frozen shoulder.METHODS Fifty-six patients with frozen shoulder were randomised to one of two treatment groups: Group 1, complete 360 degree arthroscopic capsular release and group 2, intra-articular corticosteroid injection(40 mg methyl prednisolone acetate). Both groups were put on active and passive range of motion exercises following the intervention. The outcome parameters were visual analogue scale(VAS) score for pain, range of motion and Constant score which were measured at baseline, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 wk after intervention.RESULTS All the parameters improved in both the groups. The mean VAS score improved significantly more in the group 1 as compared to group 2 at 8 wk. This greater improvement was maintained at 20 wk with P value of 0.007 at 8 wk, 0.006 at 12 wk, 0.006 at 16 wk and 0.019 at 20 wk. The Constant score showed a more significant improvement in group 1 compared to group 2 at 4 wk, which was again maintained at 20 wk with P value of 0.01 at 4, 8, 12 and 16 wk. The gain in abduction movement was statistically significantly more in arthroscopy group with P value of 0.001 at 4, 8, 12, 16 wk and 0.005 at 20 wk. The gain in external rotation was statistically significantly more in arthroscopy group with P value of 0.007 at 4 wk, 0.001 at 8, 12, and 16 wk and 0.003 at 20 wk. There was no statistically significant difference in extension and internal rotation between the two groups at any time. CONCLUSION Arthroscopic capsular release provides subjective and objective improvement earlier than intra-articular steroid injection.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30771596)~~
文摘[Objective] The effect of different culture conditions on type 5 capsular polysaccharide production of Staphylococcus aureus from diary cattle was studied to provide simple way for CP production and preparation and laid foundation for carrying out new polysaccharide vaccine research. [Method] Staph-ylococcus aureus was isolated from milk sample of sick dairy cattle and capsular polysaccharide serotypes were identified. Type 5 capsular polysaccharide was cultured on BHI,solid columbia and mod110 culture media. Glucose and lactose were taken as carbon sources for every culture media in solid and liquid state. Therefore 9 different culture conditions were taken to study the effect of culture conditions on capsular polysaccharide production. [Result] Different culture conditions indicated that compared with columbia culture media, BHI culture media could decline capsular polysaccharide production and mod110 culture media could increase capsular polysaccharide production. While for same culture media, solid culture media was better for capsular polysaccharide production,meanwhile,taken lactose as carbon source could increase capsular polysaccharide production.
文摘Background： Previous studies have demonstrated that ultrasonography is the recommended imaging modality for preoperative staging of papillary thyroid carcinomas （PTCs）. However, only a few studies have kept watch on preoperative evaluation of capsular invasion （CI） or extracapsular extension （ECE） and cervical lymph node metastasis using preoperative ultrasonography. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the CI or ECE and the cervical lymph node metastasis in PTCs using preoperative ultrasonography and postoperative pathology in Chinese patients. Methods： The data of preoperative ultrasonography and postoperative pathology of 166 patients who had a defnitive diagnosis of PTCs from October 2011 to July 2014 at Xuanwu Hospital, Beijing were collected and reviewed. Preoperative ultrasonic parameters of thyroid nodules were compared with those of postoperative pathological diagnoses. All the patients were divided into bilateral PTCs group （n - 42, 78 nodules） and unilateral PTCs group （n = 124, 124 nodules）, and the data of the nodnle sizes, CI or ECE, and cervical lymph node metastasis by preoperative ultrasonography were compared between two groups. Results： A total of 202 nodules of 166 patients which were confimled by preoperative ultrasonography and postoperative pathology were analyzed. Hypoechogenicity （n = 201, 99.5%） and inegular margins （tl = 167, 82.7%） were the main ultrasonic characteristics of PTCs. A significant moderate agreement between preoperative ultrasonic examination and postoperative pathology fbr CI or ECE （K - 0.622, P 〈 0.001 ） was observed. The diagnostic sensitivity was 92.0%~ and specificity was 7 I. 1%. In bilateral PTCs group, 81.0% had CI or ECE, and 61.9% had cervical lymph node metastasis. In unilateral PTCs group, 76.6% had CI or ECE, and 58.1% had cervical lymph node metastasis. There were no significant differences in the incidence of Cl or ECE and cervical lymph node metastasis between two groups （all P 〉 0.05）. Con
文摘AIM:To compare the rotational stability of Toric intraocular lens(IOLs)implantation combined with foureyelet or two-eyelet capsular tension rings(CTRs)in eyes with high myopia and cataract.METHODS:This prospective randomized controlled interventional study in cluded 33 eyes which had preoperative corneal astigmatism≥1.5 D and ocular axial length≥25.5 mm.These eyes were randomly divided into two groups to undergo phacoemulsification and toric IOL implantation with either four-eyelet CTR implantation(group A,n=16)or two-eyelet CTR implantation(group B,n=17).Uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA),best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),phoropter examination results,and toric IOL rotation degrees were tested 6 mo after the surgery.RESULTS:In both groups,the toric IOL was in the capsular sac 6 mo after surgery.The difference between the two groups in terms of visual outcome was not found to be statistically significant(P>0.05)at a follow-up of 6 mo.The mean residual astigmatism values were 0.56±0.22 D and 0.92±0.24 D in A and B groups,respectively(P<0.001).The mean rotation degree of IOL was 1.00°±0.73°in group A and 3.53°±1.46°in group B(P<0.001).CONCLUSION:In cataract patients with high myopia and astigmatism,four-eyelet CTR can effectively increase the rotation stability of toric IOLs,achieving the desired goal of correcting corneal astigmatism.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81070721)Inernational Exchange Program of Shaanxi Province,China(No.2012kw-31)
文摘AIM:To Investigate the effects of transforming growth factorβ2(TGF-β2)and connective tissue growth factor(CTGF)on transdifferentiation of human lens epithelial cells(HLECs)cultured in vitro and synthesis of extracellular matrix(ECM).METHODS:HLECs were treated with TGF-β2(0,0.5,1.0,5,10μg/L)and CTGF(0,15,30,60,100μg/L)for different times(0,24,48,72h)in vitro and the expression ofα-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),the main component of the extracellular matrix typeⅠcollagen(Col-1)and fibronectin(Fn)were measured by using real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR)and western-blot.RESULTS:TGF-β2 and CTGF significantly increased expression ofα-SMA mRNA and protein(P【0.05,P【0.001),Fn mRNA and protein(P【0.001),Col-1 mRNA and protein(P【0.001).TGF-β2 could induce HLECs expression of CTGF mRNA and protein in dosedependent manner(P【0.05,P【0.001).TGF-β2 and CTGF could induce HLECs to expressα-SMA,Fn and Col-1 in time-dependent manner.Each time of TGF-β2and CTGF induced HELCs expression ofα-SMA,Fn,Col-1 mRNA and protein was significant increase compared with control(P【0.05,P【0.001).CONCLUSION:TGF-β2 and CTGF could induce HLECs epithelial mesenchymal transition and ECM synthesis.
基金This study was supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 81173412）, Beijing Science and Technology Project （Z111107067311056） and Beijing Natural Science Foundation （No. 7122046）.
文摘Background Anterior capsular contraction syndrome is a potential complication of continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis （CCC）. Three neodymium： yttrium-aluminum-garnet （Nd：YAG） laser relaxing incisions decrease anterior capsular contraction but the mechanism is unknown. The present study analyzed the biomechanical mechanism of three Nd：YAG laser relaxing incisions made to reduce anterior capsular contraction. Methods A three-dimensional control model and a three-dimensional Nd：YAG model of the anterior capsule with an opening diameter of 6 mm were created. Three incisions of 1 mm in length were made centrifugally at intervals of 120~ around the opening circle. The stress alterations of the anterior capsule after CCC with and without Nd：YAG relaxation were numerically simulated and compared. Results In the control model, the stress was axially uniform in the inner area and relatively high near the inner rim of the opening. Meanwhile, in the Nd：YAG model, the stress level was very low in the inner opening areas, especially near the three incisions. The relaxing incisions in the Nd：YAG model significantly released the relatively high stress on the anterior capsule. Additionally, there was a high stress gradient near the relaxing incisions. Conclusion Biomechanical effects of stress release may be the preventive mechanism of Nd：YAG incision against anterior capsular contraction syndrome.
文摘Objective: By observing the treatment and nursing care of a patient with Grade IV capsular contracture following breast cancer expander implantation and subsequent Stage II reconstruction, we aim to analyze the reasons for the formation of capsular contracture after Stage I expander implantation and prevent its recurrence following Stage II reconstruction. Methods: In May 2020, the patient noticed an increase in the size of a breast mass. In August, she underwent AC-THP neoadjuvant chemotherapy, followed by a “right breast-conserving nipple-areolar subglandular excision + right axillary lymph node dissection + expander implantation” surgery in November 2020. Radiation therapy began in January 2021. During radiation therapy, the patient experienced severe breast hardening, distortion, tenderness, and was diagnosed with Grade IV capsular contracture. To relieve the capsular contracture, the patient underwent a “contracted capsule incision and release procedure + removal of the right breast expander + right breast implantation” surgery in July 2021. Postoperatively, measures were taken to prevent incision infection, emphasizing aseptic techniques, ensuring smooth negative pressure drainage, reducing skin flap tension, monitoring skin flap blood supply, actively preventing subcutaneous effusion and hematoma, and applying appropriate compression dressings. Results: The patient was discharged after the removal of the drainage tube. During the postoperative follow-up at 3 and 6 months, there was no recurrence of capsular contracture, and the breast appeared full, upright, and relatively soft. There were no complications such as hematoma, infection, breast implant rupture, breast sagging, or displacement. The patient had a good outcome without additional financial or surgical burdens. Conclusion: The occurrence of Grade IV capsular contracture in the patient is generally related to infection after Stage I expander implantation, improper compression dressing, excessive saline injection causing content infiltration
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81070721)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
文摘AIM:To explore the inhibitory effect of a sustained cyclosporin A (CsA) delivery microsphere (CsA-MS) on posterior capsular opacification (PCO) in rabbit eyes after cataract extraction. ·METHODS:Twenty New Zealand white rabbits accepted cataract extraction plus intraocular lens implantation and their left eyes were intraoperatively injected CsA-MS prepared using polymer polylactioglycolic acid (PLGA) as a carrier and their right eyes were injected with empty MS. The changes in cornea, anterior chamber reaction, intraocular pressure, PCO and CsA concentration in aqueous humor were examined postoperatively and all the eyes were enucleated 3 months after surgery for histopathological and morphological examination with light microscopy and electron microscopy. · RESULTS:Conjunctival hyperemia, corneal edema, intraocular pressure and anterior chamber response of experimental and control eyes were similar, while PCO in CsA MS injected eyes was greatly improved compared with that in control eyes. Posterior capsules in CsA-MS injected eyes were smooth and lens epithelial cells (LEC) did not proliferate significantly (P 】0.05), while LEC in posterior capsule of control eyes had different degrees of proliferation and cortical regeneration. LEC in CsA-MS injected eyes were not functionally active and underwent apoptosis, whereas LEC in control eyes were functionally active (F-test, P =0.025). In addition, the cornealultrastructure showed no differences between CsA-MS and MS injected eyes. CONCLUSION:CsA-MS has high bioavailability in rabbit eyes and could inhibit postoperative PCO occurrence and development during the study period, suggesting that CsA-MS may be a promising, effective and safe administration route to prevent PCO in clinic.
基金Project(No.wzzb0605) supported by the Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Fund of the Department of Health of Fujian Province,China
文摘Objective: The incidence of after-cataracts [also known as posterior capsular opacification (PCO)] is between 30% and 50% three years following cataract surgery. Suppressing the proliferation of lens epithelial cells (LECs) is a primary goal in preventing PCO. Here, we investigated the proteomic regulation of the inhibitory effects of curcumin (Cur) on the proliferation of human lens epithelial B3 (HLE-B3) cells. Methods: Recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor (rhbFGF) was used to induce proliferation of HLE-B3 cells, which were incubated with 20 mg/L Cur in a CO2 incubator for 24 h. Results: We found that the absorbance (A) value of rhbFGF group was significantly higher than the A value of the control group. Furthermore, the A value of the Cur group was significantly lower com- pared to the rhbFGF group, with an inhibition of 53.7%. Five different protein spots were obtained from proliferative HLE-B3 cells induced by rhbFGF. Eight different protein spots were obtained in HLE-B3 cells incubated with Cur. There were the common variational protein spots at mass/charge (m/z) ratios of 8 093 and 13 767 between rhbFGF group and control group as well as between the Cur group and rhbFGF group. Conclusions: These results show that Cur effectively inhibited HLE-B3 cell proliferation induced by rhbFGF. The protein spots at m/z of 8 093 and 13 767 may be the targets of Cur-induced inhibition of HLE-B3 cell proliferation. Cur may be a reliable and effective drug for pre- vention and treatment of polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
基金Supported by Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India
文摘AIM: To evaluate the influence of different intraocular lens(IOL) designs made of PMMA on posterior capsular opacification(PCO) and compare with foldable designs.· METHODS: Phacoemulsification and IOL implantation was done in one eye of 24 New Zealand White rabbits, with IOL of two different designs (Square edged or round edge) and two different materials(PMMA or HEMA). After three months, the animals were sacrificed and enucleated. Evaluation of PCO included posterior view, migration of anterior capsular epithelial cells to the posterior capsule following epithelial-mesenchymal transition were assessed by staining the histological sections of posterior capsule by hematoxylin-eosin(HE) and Periodic acid- Schiff (PAS). The IOLs were extracted and stained with HE to evaluate the presence of adherent cells on the lens surface. · RESULTS: PCO was highest with round edged rigid lens. There was no significant difference in the PCO between the square edged PMMA and square edged foldable lens.· CONCLUSION: It is the design of the IOL not the material that offers protection on PCO formation.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81400420)
文摘Dear Editor,I am Dr.Cai-Xuan Huang,from the Eye Center,Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University,Hubei Province,China.I write to present a case report of bilateral anterior megalophthalmos with open-angle glaucoma,which was treated by combined phacoemulsification and anterior vitrectomy.
文摘In his beautiful book,Consilience:The Unity of Knowledge,the eminent biologist Edward O Wilson,advocates the need for integration and reconciliation across the sciences.He defines consilience as“literally a‘jumping together’of knowledge with a linking of facts…to create a common groundwork of explanation”.It is the premise of this paper that as much as basic biomedical research is in need of data generation using the latest available techniques–unifying available knowledge is just as critical.This involves the necessity to resolve contradictory findings,reduce silos,and acknowledge complexity.We take the cornea and the lens as case studies of our premise.Specifically,in this perspective,we discuss the conflicting and fragmented information on protein aggregation,oxidative damage,and fibrosis.These are fields of study that are integrally tied to anterior segment research.Our goal is to highlight the vital need for Wilson’s consilience and unity of knowledge which in turn should lead to enhanced rigor and reproducibility,and most importantly,to greater understanding and not simply knowing.
基金Supported by Xuzhou Health Outstanding Talents Project(No.XWJC001)Critical Special Project for Social Development of Xuzhou(No.KC21153)+1 种基金Science and Technology Innovation Project of Xuzhou Municipal Health Commission(No.XWKYHT20230039)Applied Basic Research Project of Xuzhou(No.KC23016).
文摘●AIM:To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of scleral buckling for the treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRD)using a novel foldable capsular buckle(FCB).●METHODS:This was a series of case observation studies.Eighteen patients(18 eyes)who visited our ophthalmology department between August 2020 and August 2022 and were treated for RRD with scleral buckling using FCB were included.The procedure was similar to conventional scleral buckling,while a balloon-like FCB was placed onto the retinal break with balanced salt solution filling for a broad,external indentation instead of the silicone buckle.The retinal reattachment rate,best corrected visual acuity(BCVA),intraocular pressure(IOP),refractive dioptre and astigmatism degree,and complications were evaluated and recorded.●RESULTS:There were 7 males and 11 females aged 19-58y.The average time course of RRD was 12d,ranging from 7-20d.The retinal break was located in the superior quadrants in 8 eyes and in the inferior quadrants in 10 eyes,with macula-off detachments in 12 eyes.The patients were followed-up for at least 6mo.The final retinal reattachment rate was 100%.The BCVA was significantly improved compared with the baseline(P<0.05).There was no significant change in refractive dioptre or astigmatism degree at each follow-up(all P>0.05).Three patients had transiently high IOPs within one week after surgery.Mild diplopia occurred in 5 patients after surgery and then disappeared after the balloon fluid was removed.●CONCLUSION:The success rate of FCB scleral buckling for RRD is satisfactory.This procedure can be expected to be applied in new,uncomplicated cases of RRD.
文摘BACKGROUND Cataracts pose a significant clinical burden due to their complex pathogenesis.In recent years,an increase in cataracts coexisting with myopia has heightened the incidence of retinopathy and posterior vitreous detachment.Additionally,symptoms of ocular axis elongation,lens nucleus hardening,and vitreous liquefaction have become more prevalent.While conventional extracapsular cataract extraction is commonly employed,it often yields suboptimal visual outcomes.Subsequent advancements in cataract phacoemulsification and lens implantation surgeries have gained widespread acceptance for their ability to improve refraction and significantly improve uncorrected visual acuity.AIM To investigate the effect of capsular treatment after phacoemulsification lens implantation in myopic patients with cataract.METHODS We selected 110 patients(with 134 eyes)with myopia and cataracts treated.These patients were categorized into two groups:an observation group(57 patients with 70 eyes)and a control group(53 patients with 64 eyes).The control group underwent cataract phacoemulsification and lens implantation,while the observation group received a refined capsular treatment based on the control group’s procedure.We assessed the differences in visual acuity and quality between the two groups before and after surgery.RESULTS At six months post-operation,the observation group exhibited significantly improved far vision,intermediate vision,near vision,lower objective scattering index,higher Modulation transfer function cut-off frequency,and overall vision metrics at different contrast levels(100%,20%and 9%)compared to the control group(P<0.05).The total score of the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire in the observation group at 6 months after operation was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).No significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions was observed between the observation group and control group(P>0.05).CONCLUSION Capsular treatment demonstrates efficacy in improvin
文摘●AIM:To assess effectivity and safety of trifocal intraocular lenses(IOLs)and capsular tension rings in treating cataract patients with axial high myopia.●METHODS:A prospective nonrandomized controlled clinical trial was conducted.Totally 98 eyes(74 patients)who underwent femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery(FLACS)with trifocal IOLs were enrolled in the study and followed up for 2y after surgery:46 eyes(33 patients)with capsular tension ring implantation in the long axial lengths(AL)group(26<AL<29 mm)and 52 eyes(41 patients)in the normal AL group(22<AL<24.5 mm).Postoperative outcomes about effectivity and safety,including the subjective and objective visual quality,and postoperative complications were assessed.●RESULTS:Uncorrected distance visual acuity at 5 m and uncorrected intermediate visual acuity at 60 and 80 cm in the long AL group were significantly worse than those in the normal AL group at 3mo postoperatively(P<0.05).The differences in reading speed,spectacle independence and potential visual complaints between the two groups were not statistically significant(P>0.05).The dysfunctional lens index and total modulation transfer function(MTF)average height were similar between the two groups.The postoperative internal coma aberrations in the axial high myopia eyes were significantly higher than that in the normal AL group(P<0.05).The total satisfaction score in the long AL group(91.32±2.76)was slightly higher than that in the normal AL group(90.36±3.47),but there was no difference(P=0.136).A statistically negative correlation was found between corrected distance visual acuity(CDVA)and dysfunctional lens index(r=-0.382,P=0.009),and between CDVA and the total MTF average height(r=-0.374,P=0.01).But there was no significant correlation between CDVA and total satisfaction score(r=0.059,P=0.696).Postoperative complications mainly presented as posterior capsular opacity(PCO),retinal detachment and cystoid macular edema.There was no difference in the incidence of fundus disease(6.5%vs 3.8%,P=0.663)
