Based on observations of urban mass concentration of fine particulate matter smaller than 2.5 μm in diameter （PM2.5）, ground meteorological data, vertical measurements of winds, temperature, and relative humidity ...Based on observations of urban mass concentration of fine particulate matter smaller than 2.5 μm in diameter （PM2.5）, ground meteorological data, vertical measurements of winds, temperature, and relative humidity （RH）, and ECMWF reanalysis data, the major changes in the vertical structures of meteorological factors in the boundary layer （BL） during the heavy aerosol pollution episodes （HPEs） that occurred in winter 2016 in the urban Beijing area were analyzed. The HPEs are divided into two stages： the transport of pollutants under prevailing southerly winds, known as the transport stage （TS）, and the PM2.5 explosive growth and pollution accumulation period characterized by a temperature inversion with low winds and high RH in the lower BL, known as the cumulative stage （CS）. During the TS, a surface high lies south of Beijing, and pollutants are transported northwards. During the CS, a stable BL forms and is characterized by weak winds, temperature inversion, and moisture accumulation. Stable atmospheric stratifica- tion featured with light/calm winds and accumulated moisture （RH 〉 80%） below 250 m at the beginning of the CS is closely associated with the inversion, which is strengthened by the considerable decrease in near-surface air temperat- ure due to the interaction between aerosols and radiation after the aerosol pollution occurs. A significant increase in the PLAM （Parameter Linking Aerosol Pollution and Meteorological Elements） index is found, which is linearly re- lated to PM mass change. During the first 10 h of the CS, the more stable BL contributes approximately 84% of the explosive growth of PM2.5 mass. Additional accumulated near-surface moisture caused by the ground temperature de- crease, weak turbulent diffusion, low BL height, and inhibited vertical mixing of water vapor is conducive to the sec- ondary aerosol formation through chemical reactions, including liquid phase and heterogeneous reactions, which fur- ther increases the PM2.5 concentration levels. Th展开更多
目的:探讨咪达唑伦联合瑞芬太尼用于重症加强护理病房(intensive care unit,ICU)机械通气患者镇静的临床疗效。方法:选择2011年1月—2016年1月宜都市第一人民医院ICU拟行机械通气患者156例作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对...目的:探讨咪达唑伦联合瑞芬太尼用于重症加强护理病房(intensive care unit,ICU)机械通气患者镇静的临床疗效。方法:选择2011年1月—2016年1月宜都市第一人民医院ICU拟行机械通气患者156例作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组78例。在进行机械通气的同时,对照组患者给予咪达唑仑单药治疗,观察组患者给予咪达唑仑与瑞芬太尼联合治疗。观察和比较两组患者给药后不同时间段血流动力学指标变化情况、镇静效果、机械通气时间、ICU停留时间和不良反应发生情况。结果:给药6、12、24 h及拔管后两组患者血流动力学指标水平均较给药前存在明显变化,观察组患者平均动脉压、心率水平明显优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者2—3级镇静率为57.69%(45/78),明显高于对照组的38.46%(30/78),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者机械通气时间、ICU停留时间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组患者低血压、高血压、心动过缓、心动过速、恶心呕吐等不良反应发生率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:咪达唑伦联合瑞芬太尼应用于ICU机械通气患者镇静,临床疗效显著,安全性良好。展开更多
目的观察盐酸右美托咪定对颅内动脉瘤介入手术患者血流动力学的影响。方法将实施颅内动脉瘤介入术治疗的患者60例,随机分为对照组和试验组,各30例。对照组给予瑞芬太尼实施麻醉维持,试验组给予瑞芬太尼联合盐酸右美托咪定实施麻醉维持...目的观察盐酸右美托咪定对颅内动脉瘤介入手术患者血流动力学的影响。方法将实施颅内动脉瘤介入术治疗的患者60例,随机分为对照组和试验组,各30例。对照组给予瑞芬太尼实施麻醉维持,试验组给予瑞芬太尼联合盐酸右美托咪定实施麻醉维持。比较2组患者不同时点血流动力学相关指标、临床时间指标、镇静效果和药物不良反应发生情况。结果试验组麻醉维持给药后15 min(T1)、麻醉维持给药后30 min(T2)、手术结束(T3)心率(HR)分别为(77.47±9.41),(79.47±6.11),(77.77±8.67)次/分,对照组分别为(68.23±5.51),(67.17±6.36),(71.23±6.41)次/分,试验组T1、T2、T3平均动脉血压(MAP)分别为(52.30±3.98),(85.03±7.46),(86.07±3.89)mmHg,对照组分别为(64.57±3.43),(63.67±5.07),(66.60±5.37)mmHg,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。试验组和对照组的拔管时间分别为(18.37±4.85),(13.93±4.73)min,拔管即刻躁动评分分别为(1.90±0.71),(2.37±0.62)分,拔管后5 min Ramsay镇静评分分别为(2.87±0.57),(2.43±0.57)分,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。试验组和对照组的药物不良反应发生率分别为3.33%,26.67%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论盐酸右美托咪定在颅内动脉瘤介入手术中的应用,可保证患者血流动力学稳定,且镇静效果理想。展开更多
Genistein has a neuroprotective effect in Alzheimer＇s disease, but its mechanism of action needs further clarification. Accumulating evidence suggests that excessive phosphorylation of tau protein causes production o...Genistein has a neuroprotective effect in Alzheimer＇s disease, but its mechanism of action needs further clarification. Accumulating evidence suggests that excessive phosphorylation of tau protein causes production of neurofibrillary tangles, which is one of the main pathological characteristics of Alzheimer＇s disease, and tau protein can be phosphorylated by calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase IV （CAMK4）. After 7 days of pre-administration of genistein （90 mg/kg）, an Alzheimer＇s disease rat model was established using an intraperitoneal injection of D-galactose combined with an intracerebral injection of amyloid-β peptide （25-35）. The rat was then continu- ously administered genistein （90 mg/kg） for 42 days. The Morris water maze test, western blotting and hematoxylin-eosin staining results showed that genistein significantly decreased the escape latency and increased the number of times crossing the platform, reduced p-tau, CALM, CAMKK1 and p-CAMK4 protein levels in the hippocampus, and alleviated hippocampal neuron damage. These findings indicate that genistein may play a neuroprotective role in Alzheimer＇s disease through regulating CAMK4 to modulate tau hyperphosphorylation. Key展开更多
基金Supported by the National Key Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2016YFC0203306)Basic Scientific Research Project of the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences(2016Z001)
文摘Based on observations of urban mass concentration of fine particulate matter smaller than 2.5 μm in diameter （PM2.5）, ground meteorological data, vertical measurements of winds, temperature, and relative humidity （RH）, and ECMWF reanalysis data, the major changes in the vertical structures of meteorological factors in the boundary layer （BL） during the heavy aerosol pollution episodes （HPEs） that occurred in winter 2016 in the urban Beijing area were analyzed. The HPEs are divided into two stages： the transport of pollutants under prevailing southerly winds, known as the transport stage （TS）, and the PM2.5 explosive growth and pollution accumulation period characterized by a temperature inversion with low winds and high RH in the lower BL, known as the cumulative stage （CS）. During the TS, a surface high lies south of Beijing, and pollutants are transported northwards. During the CS, a stable BL forms and is characterized by weak winds, temperature inversion, and moisture accumulation. Stable atmospheric stratifica- tion featured with light/calm winds and accumulated moisture （RH 〉 80%） below 250 m at the beginning of the CS is closely associated with the inversion, which is strengthened by the considerable decrease in near-surface air temperat- ure due to the interaction between aerosols and radiation after the aerosol pollution occurs. A significant increase in the PLAM （Parameter Linking Aerosol Pollution and Meteorological Elements） index is found, which is linearly re- lated to PM mass change. During the first 10 h of the CS, the more stable BL contributes approximately 84% of the explosive growth of PM2.5 mass. Additional accumulated near-surface moisture caused by the ground temperature de- crease, weak turbulent diffusion, low BL height, and inhibited vertical mixing of water vapor is conducive to the sec- ondary aerosol formation through chemical reactions, including liquid phase and heterogeneous reactions, which fur- ther increases the PM2.5 concentration levels. Th
文摘目的:探讨咪达唑伦联合瑞芬太尼用于重症加强护理病房(intensive care unit,ICU)机械通气患者镇静的临床疗效。方法:选择2011年1月—2016年1月宜都市第一人民医院ICU拟行机械通气患者156例作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组78例。在进行机械通气的同时,对照组患者给予咪达唑仑单药治疗,观察组患者给予咪达唑仑与瑞芬太尼联合治疗。观察和比较两组患者给药后不同时间段血流动力学指标变化情况、镇静效果、机械通气时间、ICU停留时间和不良反应发生情况。结果:给药6、12、24 h及拔管后两组患者血流动力学指标水平均较给药前存在明显变化,观察组患者平均动脉压、心率水平明显优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者2—3级镇静率为57.69%(45/78),明显高于对照组的38.46%(30/78),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者机械通气时间、ICU停留时间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组患者低血压、高血压、心动过缓、心动过速、恶心呕吐等不良反应发生率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:咪达唑伦联合瑞芬太尼应用于ICU机械通气患者镇静,临床疗效显著,安全性良好。
文摘目的观察盐酸右美托咪定对颅内动脉瘤介入手术患者血流动力学的影响。方法将实施颅内动脉瘤介入术治疗的患者60例,随机分为对照组和试验组,各30例。对照组给予瑞芬太尼实施麻醉维持,试验组给予瑞芬太尼联合盐酸右美托咪定实施麻醉维持。比较2组患者不同时点血流动力学相关指标、临床时间指标、镇静效果和药物不良反应发生情况。结果试验组麻醉维持给药后15 min(T1)、麻醉维持给药后30 min(T2)、手术结束(T3)心率(HR)分别为(77.47±9.41),(79.47±6.11),(77.77±8.67)次/分,对照组分别为(68.23±5.51),(67.17±6.36),(71.23±6.41)次/分,试验组T1、T2、T3平均动脉血压(MAP)分别为(52.30±3.98),(85.03±7.46),(86.07±3.89)mmHg,对照组分别为(64.57±3.43),(63.67±5.07),(66.60±5.37)mmHg,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。试验组和对照组的拔管时间分别为(18.37±4.85),(13.93±4.73)min,拔管即刻躁动评分分别为(1.90±0.71),(2.37±0.62)分,拔管后5 min Ramsay镇静评分分别为(2.87±0.57),(2.43±0.57)分,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。试验组和对照组的药物不良反应发生率分别为3.33%,26.67%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论盐酸右美托咪定在颅内动脉瘤介入手术中的应用,可保证患者血流动力学稳定,且镇静效果理想。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81202941 and 81574040the Key Project Foundation of Oversea Visiting and Research for the Excellent Young and Middle-aged Faculties in Universities of Anhui Province in China,No.gxfx ZD2016119+1 种基金the Key Project Foundation of Natural Science Research in Universities of Anhui Province in China,No.KJ2016A406the Key Project Foundation of Support Program for the Excellent Young Faculties in Universities of Anhui Province in China,No.gxyq ZD2016138
文摘Genistein has a neuroprotective effect in Alzheimer＇s disease, but its mechanism of action needs further clarification. Accumulating evidence suggests that excessive phosphorylation of tau protein causes production of neurofibrillary tangles, which is one of the main pathological characteristics of Alzheimer＇s disease, and tau protein can be phosphorylated by calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase IV （CAMK4）. After 7 days of pre-administration of genistein （90 mg/kg）, an Alzheimer＇s disease rat model was established using an intraperitoneal injection of D-galactose combined with an intracerebral injection of amyloid-β peptide （25-35）. The rat was then continu- ously administered genistein （90 mg/kg） for 42 days. The Morris water maze test, western blotting and hematoxylin-eosin staining results showed that genistein significantly decreased the escape latency and increased the number of times crossing the platform, reduced p-tau, CALM, CAMKK1 and p-CAMK4 protein levels in the hippocampus, and alleviated hippocampal neuron damage. These findings indicate that genistein may play a neuroprotective role in Alzheimer＇s disease through regulating CAMK4 to modulate tau hyperphosphorylation. Key
