There is limited information on carbon sequestration efficiency(CSE)of soil aggregates in upland and paddy soils under long-term fertilization regimes.In a red soil region of southern China,an upland soil experiment s...There is limited information on carbon sequestration efficiency(CSE)of soil aggregates in upland and paddy soils under long-term fertilization regimes.In a red soil region of southern China,an upland soil experiment started in 1986 and a paddy soil experiment commenced in 1981.These experiments were conducted using different fertilization treatments.After 30 years,soil organic carbon(SOC)content and stock of different aggregate components were analyzed.The results showed that the SOC contents and stocks in upland soil were lower than in paddy soil.In both upland and paddy soils,the SOC contents and stocks of all aggregate components in NPKM(combined treatment with chemical nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),potassium(K)fertilizers and manure)were the highest among all treatments.Compared with CK(no fertilizer),SOC content of all aggregate components in NPKM was increased by 13.21–63.11%and 19.13–73.33%in upland and paddy soils,respectively.Meanwhile,the change rates in SOC stock of all aggregate components in upland soil were lower than in paddy soil,although the change rate of SOC stock of all aggregate components in NPKM was higher than in other treatments.Furthermore,a linear equation could fit the relationships between carbon(C)input and change rate of SOC stock(P<0.05).Results indicated that the sum of CSE from all aggregate components in upland soil(16.02%)was higher than that of paddy soil(15.12%)in the same climatic condition and from the same parent material.However,the CSEs from all aggregates were higher than that of bulk soil,although the result from bulk soil also showed that the CSE of upland soil was higher than that of paddy soil.展开更多
Objective To investigate the cellular effects of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on primarily cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Methods The effects of CSE (5%-20%) and nicotine (10-4 mol/L) on HUV...Objective To investigate the cellular effects of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on primarily cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Methods The effects of CSE (5%-20%) and nicotine (10-4 mol/L) on HUVEC viability, proliferation, angiogenesis and apoptosis were observed. Results CSE decreased HUVEC survival rate and angiogenesis after 24 h as well as its proliferation after 48 h in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, CSE induced apoptosis of HUVEC as indicated in condensation of nuclear chromatin and the presence of hypodiploid DNA. HUVEC incubated with CSE for 24 h gave a significant decrease in the expression of Bcl-2 as well as the decline in the Bcl-2/Bax ratio accompanied with the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and excess cytosolic calcium. Our study also observed that p53 protein level decreased, rather than increased in cells treated with CSE. Nicotine had no discernible inhibitory effects on the above indices of HUVEC. Conclusion Exposure to CSE other than nicotine causes inhibition of viability, proliferation and differentiation of HUVEC. CSE-induced HUVEC injury is mediated in part through accelerated apoptosis but independent of p53 pathway. It appears that mitochondria have played a key role in the apoptosis of HUVEC induced by CSE.展开更多
The isotropic continuum stored energy (CSE) functional, fully combined with the Poisson function, has been applied to constitutively model compressible as well as incompressible rubberlike materials. The isotropic CSE...The isotropic continuum stored energy (CSE) functional, fully combined with the Poisson function, has been applied to constitutively model compressible as well as incompressible rubberlike materials. The isotropic CSE constitutive model fits uniaxial tension test and predicts unfitted pure shear and equibiaxial tension tests of incompressible S4035A thermoplastic elastomer (TPE). Furthermore, the isotropic CSE model along with the Poisson function fits uniaxial tension test along with the kinematic relation test and predicts unfitted pure shear and equibiaxial tension tests along with the corresponding kinematic relation tests of a compressible synthetic rubber. The detailed procedures for uniquely identifying constitutive parameters are emphasized, the experimental characterization results are discussed, and the principles for constitutive models are summarized and augmented.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0200101 and 2016YFD0300901)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41671301 and 41371293)the Innovation Plan of Scientific and Research in Modern Agriculture, Jiangxi Province, China (JXXTCX2015003-005)
文摘There is limited information on carbon sequestration efficiency(CSE)of soil aggregates in upland and paddy soils under long-term fertilization regimes.In a red soil region of southern China,an upland soil experiment started in 1986 and a paddy soil experiment commenced in 1981.These experiments were conducted using different fertilization treatments.After 30 years,soil organic carbon(SOC)content and stock of different aggregate components were analyzed.The results showed that the SOC contents and stocks in upland soil were lower than in paddy soil.In both upland and paddy soils,the SOC contents and stocks of all aggregate components in NPKM(combined treatment with chemical nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),potassium(K)fertilizers and manure)were the highest among all treatments.Compared with CK(no fertilizer),SOC content of all aggregate components in NPKM was increased by 13.21–63.11%and 19.13–73.33%in upland and paddy soils,respectively.Meanwhile,the change rates in SOC stock of all aggregate components in upland soil were lower than in paddy soil,although the change rate of SOC stock of all aggregate components in NPKM was higher than in other treatments.Furthermore,a linear equation could fit the relationships between carbon(C)input and change rate of SOC stock(P<0.05).Results indicated that the sum of CSE from all aggregate components in upland soil(16.02%)was higher than that of paddy soil(15.12%)in the same climatic condition and from the same parent material.However,the CSEs from all aggregates were higher than that of bulk soil,although the result from bulk soil also showed that the CSE of upland soil was higher than that of paddy soil.
文摘Objective To investigate the cellular effects of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on primarily cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Methods The effects of CSE (5%-20%) and nicotine (10-4 mol/L) on HUVEC viability, proliferation, angiogenesis and apoptosis were observed. Results CSE decreased HUVEC survival rate and angiogenesis after 24 h as well as its proliferation after 48 h in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, CSE induced apoptosis of HUVEC as indicated in condensation of nuclear chromatin and the presence of hypodiploid DNA. HUVEC incubated with CSE for 24 h gave a significant decrease in the expression of Bcl-2 as well as the decline in the Bcl-2/Bax ratio accompanied with the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and excess cytosolic calcium. Our study also observed that p53 protein level decreased, rather than increased in cells treated with CSE. Nicotine had no discernible inhibitory effects on the above indices of HUVEC. Conclusion Exposure to CSE other than nicotine causes inhibition of viability, proliferation and differentiation of HUVEC. CSE-induced HUVEC injury is mediated in part through accelerated apoptosis but independent of p53 pathway. It appears that mitochondria have played a key role in the apoptosis of HUVEC induced by CSE.
文摘The isotropic continuum stored energy (CSE) functional, fully combined with the Poisson function, has been applied to constitutively model compressible as well as incompressible rubberlike materials. The isotropic CSE constitutive model fits uniaxial tension test and predicts unfitted pure shear and equibiaxial tension tests of incompressible S4035A thermoplastic elastomer (TPE). Furthermore, the isotropic CSE model along with the Poisson function fits uniaxial tension test along with the kinematic relation test and predicts unfitted pure shear and equibiaxial tension tests along with the corresponding kinematic relation tests of a compressible synthetic rubber. The detailed procedures for uniquely identifying constitutive parameters are emphasized, the experimental characterization results are discussed, and the principles for constitutive models are summarized and augmented.
