为探究干湿交替条件下,农田土壤CO_(2)排放对生物炭添加的响应特征及其影响因素,通过室外土柱模拟试验,在灰漠土中添加不同粒径棉花秸秆生物炭(<0.25 mm, M1;0.25~1 mm, M2;1~5 mm, M3;>5 mm, M4)和葡萄藤生物炭(<0.25 mm, P1;...为探究干湿交替条件下,农田土壤CO_(2)排放对生物炭添加的响应特征及其影响因素,通过室外土柱模拟试验,在灰漠土中添加不同粒径棉花秸秆生物炭(<0.25 mm, M1;0.25~1 mm, M2;1~5 mm, M3;>5 mm, M4)和葡萄藤生物炭(<0.25 mm, P1;0.25~1 mm, P2;1~5 mm,P3;>5 mm, P4),研究干湿交替下生物炭的类型、粒径对土壤CO_(2)排放特征的影响.结果表明,添加生物炭改变了土壤CO_(2)排放速率,土壤CO_(2)累积排放量随棉花秸秆生物炭粒径的增加而降低,不同生物炭类型对土壤CO_(2)排放速率的影响存在极显著差异(p <0.001).在湿润阶段,棉花秸秆生物炭处理土壤CO_(2)累积排放量为20.67~28.26 g·m^(-2)·d^(-1),与其相比,同一粒径下葡萄藤生物炭处理土壤CO_(2)累积排放量显著降低,降低了13.18%~28.83%;在干旱阶段,与对照处理相比,葡萄藤生物炭处理下土壤CO_(2)累积排放量显著降低了30.62%~45.09%(P3除外).土壤呼吸温度敏感系数(Q_(10))随葡萄藤生物炭粒径的增大而降低,最大降低了17.35%,而棉花秸秆生物炭处理下Q_(10)则提高了0.46%~6.39%(M4除外).指数拟合结果表明,土壤温度、湿度可分别解释土壤CO_(2)排放速率变化的39%~55%和4%~81%.单变量方差分析表明,干湿交替、生物炭类型以及生物炭粒径均是影响土壤CO_(2)排放的因素.展开更多
As an important transportation infrastructure and transportation backbone in China,high-speed rail(HSR)plays a critical role in promoting the development of green and low-carbon transportation.Calculating the CO_(2) e...As an important transportation infrastructure and transportation backbone in China,high-speed rail(HSR)plays a critical role in promoting the development of green and low-carbon transportation.Calculating the CO_(2) emissions reduction performance of HSR will be conduci v e to pr omote the CO_(2) emissions r eduction w ork of the r ail w ay.Based on the Dalkic HSR CO_(2) emissions r eduction performance model,by adjusting the HSR CO_(2) emission factor(CEF HSR),the annual times of departures(T)and other parameters,this study develops a Chinese HSR CO_(2) emissions reduction performance model.Taking the Beijing-Shanghai HSR as the resear c h object,this study conducts a questionnaire survey to explore the substitution effect and demand effect of HSR on different transportation modes;collects data such as passenger v olume,av era ge electricity use and annual times of departures of the Beijing-Shanghai HSR in 2019;and calculates the CO_(2) emissions reduction performance of the Beijing-Shanghai HSR.This study has two main results:(1)It builds a Chinese HSR CO_(2) emissions reduction performance model based on substitution effect and demand effect.(2)In 2019,the CO_(2) emissions of the Beijing-Shanghai HSR are 2898233.62 t,the CO_(2) emissions reduction performance of the Beijing-Shanghai HSR is 17999482.8 t,the annual CO_(2) emissions of the Beijing-Shanghai line in‘No HSR’case are 7.2 times as in the’HSR’case and the PKT of the HSR is 10.2 g/pkm.Based on the research results,this study proposes three CO_(2) emissions reduction policy suggestions.This study would be helpful for further HSR CO_(2) emissions reduction resear c h and departments related to railway transportation management to make CO_(2) emissions reduction policies.展开更多
文摘为探究干湿交替条件下,农田土壤CO_(2)排放对生物炭添加的响应特征及其影响因素,通过室外土柱模拟试验,在灰漠土中添加不同粒径棉花秸秆生物炭(<0.25 mm, M1;0.25~1 mm, M2;1~5 mm, M3;>5 mm, M4)和葡萄藤生物炭(<0.25 mm, P1;0.25~1 mm, P2;1~5 mm,P3;>5 mm, P4),研究干湿交替下生物炭的类型、粒径对土壤CO_(2)排放特征的影响.结果表明,添加生物炭改变了土壤CO_(2)排放速率,土壤CO_(2)累积排放量随棉花秸秆生物炭粒径的增加而降低,不同生物炭类型对土壤CO_(2)排放速率的影响存在极显著差异(p <0.001).在湿润阶段,棉花秸秆生物炭处理土壤CO_(2)累积排放量为20.67~28.26 g·m^(-2)·d^(-1),与其相比,同一粒径下葡萄藤生物炭处理土壤CO_(2)累积排放量显著降低,降低了13.18%~28.83%;在干旱阶段,与对照处理相比,葡萄藤生物炭处理下土壤CO_(2)累积排放量显著降低了30.62%~45.09%(P3除外).土壤呼吸温度敏感系数(Q_(10))随葡萄藤生物炭粒径的增大而降低,最大降低了17.35%,而棉花秸秆生物炭处理下Q_(10)则提高了0.46%~6.39%(M4除外).指数拟合结果表明,土壤温度、湿度可分别解释土壤CO_(2)排放速率变化的39%~55%和4%~81%.单变量方差分析表明,干湿交替、生物炭类型以及生物炭粒径均是影响土壤CO_(2)排放的因素.
基金This study was supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2022YJS053).
文摘As an important transportation infrastructure and transportation backbone in China,high-speed rail(HSR)plays a critical role in promoting the development of green and low-carbon transportation.Calculating the CO_(2) emissions reduction performance of HSR will be conduci v e to pr omote the CO_(2) emissions r eduction w ork of the r ail w ay.Based on the Dalkic HSR CO_(2) emissions r eduction performance model,by adjusting the HSR CO_(2) emission factor(CEF HSR),the annual times of departures(T)and other parameters,this study develops a Chinese HSR CO_(2) emissions reduction performance model.Taking the Beijing-Shanghai HSR as the resear c h object,this study conducts a questionnaire survey to explore the substitution effect and demand effect of HSR on different transportation modes;collects data such as passenger v olume,av era ge electricity use and annual times of departures of the Beijing-Shanghai HSR in 2019;and calculates the CO_(2) emissions reduction performance of the Beijing-Shanghai HSR.This study has two main results:(1)It builds a Chinese HSR CO_(2) emissions reduction performance model based on substitution effect and demand effect.(2)In 2019,the CO_(2) emissions of the Beijing-Shanghai HSR are 2898233.62 t,the CO_(2) emissions reduction performance of the Beijing-Shanghai HSR is 17999482.8 t,the annual CO_(2) emissions of the Beijing-Shanghai line in‘No HSR’case are 7.2 times as in the’HSR’case and the PKT of the HSR is 10.2 g/pkm.Based on the research results,this study proposes three CO_(2) emissions reduction policy suggestions.This study would be helpful for further HSR CO_(2) emissions reduction resear c h and departments related to railway transportation management to make CO_(2) emissions reduction policies.
