The role and timing of endoscopy in the setting of acute biliary pancreatitis(ABP) is still being debated. Despite numerous randomized trials have been published,there is an obvious lack of consensus on the indication...The role and timing of endoscopy in the setting of acute biliary pancreatitis(ABP) is still being debated. Despite numerous randomized trials have been published,there is an obvious lack of consensus on the indications and timing of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) in ABP in metaanalyses and nationwide guidelines. The present editorial has been written to clarify the role of endoscopy in ABP. In clinical practice the decision to perform an ERCP is often based on biochemical and radiological criteria despite they already have been shown to be unreliable predictors of common bile duct stone presence. Endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS) is not currently a worldwide standard diagnostic procedure early in the course of acute biliary pancreatitis,but it has been shown to be accurate,safe and cost effective in diagnosing biliary obstructions compared with magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and ERCP and therefore in preventing unnecessary ERCP and its related complications. Early EUS in ABP allows,if appropriate,immediate endoscopic treatment and significant spare of unnecessary operative procedures thus reducing possible related complications.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the clinical usefulness of early endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS) in the management of acute biliary pancreatitis(ABP).METHODS: All consecutive patients entering the emergency department between Jan...AIM: To investigate the clinical usefulness of early endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS) in the management of acute biliary pancreatitis(ABP).METHODS: All consecutive patients entering the emergency department between January 2010 and December 2012 due to acute abdominal pain and showing biochemical and/or radiological findings consistent with possible ABP were prospectively enrolled. Patients were classified as having a low,moderate,or high probability of common bile duct(CBD) stones,according to the established risk stratification. Exclusion criteria were: gastrectomy or patient in whom the cause of biliary obstruction was already identified by ultrasonography. All enrolled patients underwent EUS within 48 h of their admission. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was performed immediately after EUS only in those cases with proven CBD stones or sludge. The following parameters were investigated:(1) clinical: age,sex,fever;(2) radiological: dilated CBD; and(3) biochemical: bilirubin,AST,ALT,g GT,ALP,amylase,lipasis,PCR. Association between presence of CBD stone at EUS and the individual predictors wereassessed by univariate logistic regression. Predictors significantly associated with CBD stones(P < 0.05) were entered in a multivariate logistic regression model.RESULTS: A total of 181 patients with pancreatitis were admitted to the emergency department between January 2010 and December 2012. After exclusion criteria a total of 71 patients(38 females,53.5%,mean age 58 ± 20.12 years,range 27-89 years; 33 males,46.5%,mean age 65 ± 11.86 years,range 41-91 years) were included in the present study. The probability of CBD stones was considered low in 21 cases(29%),moderate in 26(37%),and high in the remaining 24(34%). The 71 patients included in the study underwent EUS,which allowed for a complete evaluation of the target sites in all the cases. The procedure was completed in a mean time of 14.7 min(range 9-34 min),without any notable complications.The overall CBD stone frequency was 44%(31 of 71),with a signi展开更多
Java Communication API是Java平台下用于串口通信程序开发的唯一官方解决方案,Java串口通信程序均可以由官方提供的开发包中的示例程序括展;但以示例程序为基础开发的Java串口通信程序一般都存在着在异步通信模式下无法完整接收长串数...Java Communication API是Java平台下用于串口通信程序开发的唯一官方解决方案,Java串口通信程序均可以由官方提供的开发包中的示例程序括展;但以示例程序为基础开发的Java串口通信程序一般都存在着在异步通信模式下无法完整接收长串数据的缺陷;为解决这一问题,根据通信前收发信双方可以约定通信的数据长度这一特点,提出一种对接收到的字节进行计数的方法,以接收的数据长度为指标判断通信是否结束;通过实际编程验证,该方法克服了上述缺陷,具有很好的可行性与实用性,可以广泛应用于各种使用Java Communication API进行开发的场合。展开更多
Crop type is one of main factors influencing weed community structure. However, the identity of weed communities associated with the cultivation of different crops in farmlands remains largely unclear. A field survey ...Crop type is one of main factors influencing weed community structure. However, the identity of weed communities associated with the cultivation of different crops in farmlands remains largely unclear. A field survey of weed seed banks was conducted in 2 280 fields at 228 sites of 62 locations representing three different types of farmland(95 paddy, 73 summer-ripe, and 60 autumn-ripe farmlands) along the bank of the Yangtze River in Anhui Province, China. A total of 43 families and 174 species of weeds were found in these weed seed banks. A comparison of the composition of weed groups in the seed banks showed that the species number and density percentage of grass, sedge and broadleaf weed groups were similar among the different types of farmland. The seed banks of all three farmland types shared 71 common weed species, accounting for 40.80% of the total number of species. These common weeds, which were both associated and not associated with crops, accounted for 91.71% of the total dominance degree among all farmland types. The crop-associated weed species were distributed in all soil layers of each farmland type. The Shannon-Wiener index H′(description of species diversity which is more sensitive to dense species) and Pielou's evenness index J(description of species evenness) in summer-ripe farmland were similar to those in autumn-ripe farmland but differed from those in paddy farmland. However, the Simpson's index D(description of species diversity which is more sensitive to sparse species) was similar among all three farmland types. The results of similarity comparison indicated that although the aboveground weed community differed among the different cropping patterns, the weed species composition in the soil seed bank was still similar. Consequently, our results demonstrate that after the implementation of long-term monoculture patterns, weed species compositions in the soil seed bank in different farmlands become homogenized regardless of the crop type.展开更多
Based on a survey of com munity health service organization in several cities,communi- ty health service model based on the family clinic was compared with state- owned com munity health service m odel,and status qu...Based on a survey of com munity health service organization in several cities,communi- ty health service model based on the family clinic was compared with state- owned com munity health service m odel,and status quo,advantages and problems of family comm unity health service organization were analyzed.Furtherm ore,policies for the management of comm unity health ser- vice organization based on the family clinic were put forward.展开更多
Local community detection aims to find a cluster of nodes by exploring a small region of the network.Local community detection methods are faster than traditional global community detection methods because their runti...Local community detection aims to find a cluster of nodes by exploring a small region of the network.Local community detection methods are faster than traditional global community detection methods because their runtime does not depend on the size of the entire network. However, most existing methods do not take the higher-order connectivity patterns crucial to the network into consideration. In this paper, we develop a new Local Community Detection method based on network Motif(LCD-Motif) which incorporates the higher-order network information. LCD-Motif adopts the local expansion of a seed set to identify the local community with minimal motif conductance, representing a generalization of the conductance metric for network motifs. In contrast to PageRanklike diffusion methods, LCD-Motif finds the community by seeking a sparse vector in the span of the local spectra,such that the seeds are in its support vector. We evaluate our approach using real-world datasets across various domains and synthetic networks. The experimental results show that LCD-Motif can achieve a higher performance than state-of-the-art methods.展开更多
This paper presents the architecture of a Configurable Multimedia Middleware (CoMM). For distributed environments, the component based software framework and object-oriented technology are used in CoMM. Which contribu...This paper presents the architecture of a Configurable Multimedia Middleware (CoMM). For distributed environments, the component based software framework and object-oriented technology are used in CoMM. Which contributs that it may be configured for various multimedia services with the reusable components conveniently. Also, the active QoS adaption mechanism, which protects the server from overload with the management of the resource vector, is introduced in detail.展开更多
We propose and demonstrate a novel scheme of semi-open-loop polarization control(SOL-PC), which controls the state of polarization(SOP) with high accuracy and uniform high speed. For any desired SOP, we first adjust t...We propose and demonstrate a novel scheme of semi-open-loop polarization control(SOL-PC), which controls the state of polarization(SOP) with high accuracy and uniform high speed. For any desired SOP, we first adjust the initial SOP using open-loop control(OLC) based on the matrix model of a three-unit piezoelectric polarization controller, and quickly move it close to the objective one. Then closed-loop control(CLC) is performed to reduce the error and reach precisely the desired SOP. The response time is three orders faster than that of the present closed-loop polarization control, while the average deviation is on par with it. Finally, the SOL-PC system is successfully applied to realize the suppression of the polarization mode dispersion(PMD) effect and reduce the first-order PMD to near zero. Due to its perfect performance, the SOL-PC energizes the present polarization control to pursue an ideal product that can meet the future requirements in ultrafast optical transmission and quantum communication.展开更多
The main purpose of this paper is to show that OADP varieties stand at an important crossroad of various main streets in different disciplines like projective geometry,birational geometry and algebra.This is a good re...The main purpose of this paper is to show that OADP varieties stand at an important crossroad of various main streets in different disciplines like projective geometry,birational geometry and algebra.This is a good reason for studying and classifying them.Main specific results are:(a) the classification of all OADP surfaces (regardless to their smoothness);(b) the classification of a relevant class of normal OADP varieties of any dimension,which includes interesting examples like lagrangian grassmannians.Following Pirio and Russo (Comm Math Helv,to appear),the equivalence of the classification in (b) with the one of quadro-quadric Cremona transformations and of complex,unitary,cubic Jordan algebras are explained.展开更多
On February 25, the American Chamber of Commerce in Shanghai, the National Committee on United States-China Relations and the Committee of 100 co-hosted an event, both online and offline, marking the 50 th anniversary...On February 25, the American Chamber of Commerce in Shanghai, the National Committee on United States-China Relations and the Committee of 100 co-hosted an event, both online and offline, marking the 50 th anniversary of the signing of the Shanghai Communiqué. Seasoned diplomats including Dr. Henry Kissinger as well as other public figures examined how China-U.S. relations should evolve over the next 50 years building upon the legacy of the landmark document.展开更多
On the evening of Feb 28,a concert commemorating the 50th Anniversary of the Shanghai Communique was held in Shanghai,co-hosted by the Chinese People’s Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries and the Shangh...On the evening of Feb 28,a concert commemorating the 50th Anniversary of the Shanghai Communique was held in Shanghai,co-hosted by the Chinese People’s Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries and the Shanghai Municipal People’s Government.Gong Zheng,mayor of Shanghai,attended and delivered a speech.展开更多
每年秋季在北京举行的国际信息通信展（T＆T／EXPO COMM CHINA）已成功举办了18届，是全球规模最大的ICT展览会之一，也是亚洲规模最大、最具影响力的世界级信息通信展，在业内享有很高的声誉。尤为重要的是，从2008年”电信重组尘埃落...每年秋季在北京举行的国际信息通信展（T＆T／EXPO COMM CHINA）已成功举办了18届，是全球规模最大的ICT展览会之一，也是亚洲规模最大、最具影响力的世界级信息通信展，在业内享有很高的声誉。尤为重要的是，从2008年”电信重组尘埃落定”与“TD—SCDMA新生之途“的交相辉映，到2009年“当IT融于通讯、当社交网络催生全面服务”，回首匆匆，中国的移动互联历程已走过了最初的亢奋与迷惘。展开更多
文摘The role and timing of endoscopy in the setting of acute biliary pancreatitis(ABP) is still being debated. Despite numerous randomized trials have been published,there is an obvious lack of consensus on the indications and timing of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) in ABP in metaanalyses and nationwide guidelines. The present editorial has been written to clarify the role of endoscopy in ABP. In clinical practice the decision to perform an ERCP is often based on biochemical and radiological criteria despite they already have been shown to be unreliable predictors of common bile duct stone presence. Endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS) is not currently a worldwide standard diagnostic procedure early in the course of acute biliary pancreatitis,but it has been shown to be accurate,safe and cost effective in diagnosing biliary obstructions compared with magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and ERCP and therefore in preventing unnecessary ERCP and its related complications. Early EUS in ABP allows,if appropriate,immediate endoscopic treatment and significant spare of unnecessary operative procedures thus reducing possible related complications.
文摘AIM: To investigate the clinical usefulness of early endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS) in the management of acute biliary pancreatitis(ABP).METHODS: All consecutive patients entering the emergency department between January 2010 and December 2012 due to acute abdominal pain and showing biochemical and/or radiological findings consistent with possible ABP were prospectively enrolled. Patients were classified as having a low,moderate,or high probability of common bile duct(CBD) stones,according to the established risk stratification. Exclusion criteria were: gastrectomy or patient in whom the cause of biliary obstruction was already identified by ultrasonography. All enrolled patients underwent EUS within 48 h of their admission. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was performed immediately after EUS only in those cases with proven CBD stones or sludge. The following parameters were investigated:(1) clinical: age,sex,fever;(2) radiological: dilated CBD; and(3) biochemical: bilirubin,AST,ALT,g GT,ALP,amylase,lipasis,PCR. Association between presence of CBD stone at EUS and the individual predictors wereassessed by univariate logistic regression. Predictors significantly associated with CBD stones(P < 0.05) were entered in a multivariate logistic regression model.RESULTS: A total of 181 patients with pancreatitis were admitted to the emergency department between January 2010 and December 2012. After exclusion criteria a total of 71 patients(38 females,53.5%,mean age 58 ± 20.12 years,range 27-89 years; 33 males,46.5%,mean age 65 ± 11.86 years,range 41-91 years) were included in the present study. The probability of CBD stones was considered low in 21 cases(29%),moderate in 26(37%),and high in the remaining 24(34%). The 71 patients included in the study underwent EUS,which allowed for a complete evaluation of the target sites in all the cases. The procedure was completed in a mean time of 14.7 min(range 9-34 min),without any notable complications.The overall CBD stone frequency was 44%(31 of 71),with a signi
文摘Java Communication API是Java平台下用于串口通信程序开发的唯一官方解决方案,Java串口通信程序均可以由官方提供的开发包中的示例程序括展;但以示例程序为基础开发的Java串口通信程序一般都存在着在异步通信模式下无法完整接收长串数据的缺陷;为解决这一问题,根据通信前收发信双方可以约定通信的数据长度这一特点,提出一种对接收到的字节进行计数的方法,以接收的数据长度为指标判断通信是否结束;通过实际编程验证,该方法克服了上述缺陷,具有很好的可行性与实用性,可以广泛应用于各种使用Java Communication API进行开发的场合。
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31500350)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0200805)
文摘Crop type is one of main factors influencing weed community structure. However, the identity of weed communities associated with the cultivation of different crops in farmlands remains largely unclear. A field survey of weed seed banks was conducted in 2 280 fields at 228 sites of 62 locations representing three different types of farmland(95 paddy, 73 summer-ripe, and 60 autumn-ripe farmlands) along the bank of the Yangtze River in Anhui Province, China. A total of 43 families and 174 species of weeds were found in these weed seed banks. A comparison of the composition of weed groups in the seed banks showed that the species number and density percentage of grass, sedge and broadleaf weed groups were similar among the different types of farmland. The seed banks of all three farmland types shared 71 common weed species, accounting for 40.80% of the total number of species. These common weeds, which were both associated and not associated with crops, accounted for 91.71% of the total dominance degree among all farmland types. The crop-associated weed species were distributed in all soil layers of each farmland type. The Shannon-Wiener index H′(description of species diversity which is more sensitive to dense species) and Pielou's evenness index J(description of species evenness) in summer-ripe farmland were similar to those in autumn-ripe farmland but differed from those in paddy farmland. However, the Simpson's index D(description of species diversity which is more sensitive to sparse species) was similar among all three farmland types. The results of similarity comparison indicated that although the aboveground weed community differed among the different cropping patterns, the weed species composition in the soil seed bank was still similar. Consequently, our results demonstrate that after the implementation of long-term monoculture patterns, weed species compositions in the soil seed bank in different farmlands become homogenized regardless of the crop type.
文摘Based on a survey of com munity health service organization in several cities,communi- ty health service model based on the family clinic was compared with state- owned com munity health service m odel,and status quo,advantages and problems of family comm unity health service organization were analyzed.Furtherm ore,policies for the management of comm unity health ser- vice organization based on the family clinic were put forward.
基金supported by the National Social Science Foundation of China (No. 16ZDA055)
文摘Local community detection aims to find a cluster of nodes by exploring a small region of the network.Local community detection methods are faster than traditional global community detection methods because their runtime does not depend on the size of the entire network. However, most existing methods do not take the higher-order connectivity patterns crucial to the network into consideration. In this paper, we develop a new Local Community Detection method based on network Motif(LCD-Motif) which incorporates the higher-order network information. LCD-Motif adopts the local expansion of a seed set to identify the local community with minimal motif conductance, representing a generalization of the conductance metric for network motifs. In contrast to PageRanklike diffusion methods, LCD-Motif finds the community by seeking a sparse vector in the span of the local spectra,such that the seeds are in its support vector. We evaluate our approach using real-world datasets across various domains and synthetic networks. The experimental results show that LCD-Motif can achieve a higher performance than state-of-the-art methods.
文摘This paper presents the architecture of a Configurable Multimedia Middleware (CoMM). For distributed environments, the component based software framework and object-oriented technology are used in CoMM. Which contributs that it may be configured for various multimedia services with the reusable components conveniently. Also, the active QoS adaption mechanism, which protects the server from overload with the management of the resource vector, is introduced in detail.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China.(Nos.11574026 and 11274037).
文摘We propose and demonstrate a novel scheme of semi-open-loop polarization control(SOL-PC), which controls the state of polarization(SOP) with high accuracy and uniform high speed. For any desired SOP, we first adjust the initial SOP using open-loop control(OLC) based on the matrix model of a three-unit piezoelectric polarization controller, and quickly move it close to the objective one. Then closed-loop control(CLC) is performed to reduce the error and reach precisely the desired SOP. The response time is three orders faster than that of the present closed-loop polarization control, while the average deviation is on par with it. Finally, the SOL-PC system is successfully applied to realize the suppression of the polarization mode dispersion(PMD) effect and reduce the first-order PMD to near zero. Due to its perfect performance, the SOL-PC energizes the present polarization control to pursue an ideal product that can meet the future requirements in ultrafast optical transmission and quantum communication.
文摘The main purpose of this paper is to show that OADP varieties stand at an important crossroad of various main streets in different disciplines like projective geometry,birational geometry and algebra.This is a good reason for studying and classifying them.Main specific results are:(a) the classification of all OADP surfaces (regardless to their smoothness);(b) the classification of a relevant class of normal OADP varieties of any dimension,which includes interesting examples like lagrangian grassmannians.Following Pirio and Russo (Comm Math Helv,to appear),the equivalence of the classification in (b) with the one of quadro-quadric Cremona transformations and of complex,unitary,cubic Jordan algebras are explained.
文摘On February 25, the American Chamber of Commerce in Shanghai, the National Committee on United States-China Relations and the Committee of 100 co-hosted an event, both online and offline, marking the 50 th anniversary of the signing of the Shanghai Communiqué. Seasoned diplomats including Dr. Henry Kissinger as well as other public figures examined how China-U.S. relations should evolve over the next 50 years building upon the legacy of the landmark document.
文摘On the evening of Feb 28,a concert commemorating the 50th Anniversary of the Shanghai Communique was held in Shanghai,co-hosted by the Chinese People’s Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries and the Shanghai Municipal People’s Government.Gong Zheng,mayor of Shanghai,attended and delivered a speech.
文摘每年秋季在北京举行的国际信息通信展（T＆T／EXPO COMM CHINA）已成功举办了18届，是全球规模最大的ICT展览会之一，也是亚洲规模最大、最具影响力的世界级信息通信展，在业内享有很高的声誉。尤为重要的是，从2008年”电信重组尘埃落定”与“TD—SCDMA新生之途“的交相辉映，到2009年“当IT融于通讯、当社交网络催生全面服务”，回首匆匆，中国的移动互联历程已走过了最初的亢奋与迷惘。
